Giants in the Bible - The Rock of Offence

‘Giants are discussed in the Bible. These giants in the Bible were extremely tall and powerful people. Even in modern times, there is much evidence of giants who existed on the earth. However, giants in the Bible also have an important spiritual meaning. They symbolize proud, mighty adversaries (enemies) of God’s people who are used to test the faith of God’s people. There are three Hebrew words that are translated as giants: Nephilim, Anakim and Rephaim. This webpage provides links to a 10-part You Tube video series. Below these links are study notes associated with the giants of the Bible.

Arba (Fahter of Anak)

Kirjatharba

Hebron

Cave of Macpelah (Hebron)

Rephaim (Emims, Zamzummims)

Og, King of Bashan

Amorite Verses

Tall in the Bible – Symbol of Pride

David and Goliath

Goliath in the Bible (6 occurrences)

Satan – Type of Satan (Devil)

Goliath Despised David

Origin of the Philistines

Abraham, Isaac and the Philistines (King Abimelech)

Not of the nations to be removed from Promised Land

Philistines in the Land to Prove Israel

Dagon and Gods of the Philistines

Pride of the Philistines

Philistines as Enemies

Wars – Philistines and Israel

Philistines were Soothsayers

Final Judgment on the Philistines

Nephilim

Nephilim (H5303, nephil – literally, one that causes a fall – 2 verses – Gen 6:4, Num 13:33. H5303 is derived from H5307, naphal, to fall – 434 occurrences)
- And there we saw the giants, the sons of Anak, which come of the giants: and we were in our own sight as grasshoppers, and so we were in their sight. (Num 13:33)
- Num 13:33 – the sons an Anak were also considered as giants (H5303, nephil)
H5307 – ‘fall’ points to being defeated in a battle. For example:
- And the children of Levi did according to the word of Moses: and there fell of the people that day about three thousand men. (Exo 32:28)
- And five of you shall chase an hundred, and an hundred of you shall put ten thousand to flight: and your enemies shall fall before you by the sword. (Lev 26:8)
- And so it was, that all that fell that day, both of men and women, were twelve thousand, even all the men of Ai. (Jos 8:25)
- Now Zebah and Zalmunna were in Karkor, and their hosts with them, about fifteen thousand men, all that were left of all the hosts of the children of the east: for there fell an hundred and twenty thousand men that drew sword. (Jdg 8:10)
- Then said they unto him, Say now Shibboleth: and he said Sibboleth: for he could not frame to pronounce it Then they took him, and slew him at the passages of Jordan: and there fell at that time of the Ephraimites forty and two thousand. (Jdg 12:6)
- And there fell of Benjamin eighteen thousand men; all these were men of valour. (Jdg 20:44)
- So that all which fell that day of Benjamin were twenty and five thousand men that drew the sword; all these were men of valour. (Jdg 20:46)
- And the Philistines fought, and Israel was smitten, and they fled every man into his tent: and there was a very great slaughter; for there fell of Israel thirty thousand footmen. (1Sa 4:10)
- But the rest fled to Aphek, into the city; and there a wall fell upon twenty and seven thousand of the men that were And Benhadad fled, and came into the city, into an inner chamber. (1Ki 20:30)
- So the LORD sent pestilence upon Israel: and there fell of Israel seventy thousand men. (1Ch 21:14)
- And Abijah and his people slew them with a great slaughter: so there fell down slain of Israel five hundred thousand chosen men. (2Ch 13:17)
- A thousand shall fall at thy side, and ten thousand at thy right hand; but it shall not come nigh (Psa 91:7)
Other usages of ‘fall’:
- And they that understand among the people shall instruct many: yet they shall fall by the sword, and by flame, by captivity, and by spoil, many days. (Dan 11:33)
- And the Philistines fought, and Israel was smitten, and they fled every man into his tent: and there was a very great slaughter; for there fell of Israel thirty thousand footmen. (1Sa 4:10)
- Thy hands were not bound, nor thy feet put into fetters: as a man falleth before wicked men, so fellest thou. And all the people wept again over him. (2Sa 3:34)
- The wicked have drawn out the sword, and have bent their bow, to cast down the poor and needy, and to slay such as be of upright conversation. (Psa 37:14)
- Their priests fell by the sword; and their widows made no lamentation. (Psa 78:64)
- The LORD upholdeth all that fall, and raiseth up all those that be bowed down. (Psa 145:14)
- For she hath cast down many wounded: yea, many strong men have been slain by her. (Pro 7:26)
- He that trusteth in his riches shall fall: but the righteous shall flourish as a branch. (Pro 11:28)
- For a just man falleth seven times, and riseth up again: but the wicked shall fall into mischief. (Pro 24:16)
- My brethren, count it all joy when ye fall into divers temptations (Jas 1:2)
Fell – judgment – Exo 32:28, 1 Tim 3:6, Gal 5:4, Mat 7:25-27, 15:14, Heb 10:31, 1 Cor 10:12, Lk 8:13, Mk 14:27, etc
- Babylon is fallen – Rev 18:2, Gal 1:6-9 , Is 21:9, Rev 14:8
- Fall of Babylon – Isa 13-14, Isa 21:9, Isa 47-48, Jer 50-51, Dan 5, 2 Chr 36, Ezra 1, Hab 2:6-20

Anakim

Anak (H6061)

Anak (H6061, Heb: anaq, literally chain, neck chain, necklace) – 9 occurrences (see same word – H6060, 3 occurrences as ‘chain’ – Jud 8:6, Song 4:9, Pro 1:9 – points to luxury)
- And they ascended by the south, and came unto Hebron; where Ahiman, Sheshai, and Talmai, the children of Anak, were. (Now Hebron was built seven years before Zoan in Egypt.) (Num 13:22)
- Nevertheless the people be strong that dwell in the land, and the cities are walled, and very great: and moreover we saw the children of Anak there. (Num 13:28)
- And there we saw the giants, the sons of Anak, which come of the giants: and we were in our own sight as grasshoppers, and so we were in their sight. (Num 13:33)
  - Giants – see above on H5303, nephil
- A people great and tall, the children of the Anakims, whom thou knowest, and of whom thou hast heard say, Who can stand before the children of Anak! (Deu 9:2)
  - Great – H1419 – gadol, 528 occurrences
  - Tall – H7311 – rum, 189 occurrences – literally, raised up, exalted, lifted up (not used as a physical characteristic)
- Caleb inherits land of Hebron (where children of Anak were, Num 13:22)
  - And unto Caleb the son of Jephunneh he gave a part among the children of Judah, according to the commandment of the LORD to Joshua, even the city of Arba the father of Anak, which city is Hebron. And Caleb drove thence the three sons of Anak, Sheshai, and Ahiman, and Talmai, the children of Anak. (Jos 15:13-14)
  - And they gave Hebron unto Caleb, as Moses said: and he expelled thence the three sons of Anak. (Jdg 1:20)

Anakim (H6062)

Anakims (H6062, Heb: anaqiy, 9 occurrences)
- Whither shall we go up? our brethren have discouraged our heart, saying, The people is greater and taller than we; the cities are great and walled up to heaven; and moreover we have seen the sons of the Anakims there. (Deu 1:28)
- The Emims dwelt therein in times past, a people great, and many, and tall, as the Anakims; Which also were accounted giants, as the Anakims; but the Moabites call them Emims. (Deu 2:10-11)
  - Giants – Heb: rapha (H7497 – see below)
  - Emims – Heb: eymiyn (H368) – 2 occurrences (Deut 2:10, Gen 14:5)
  - And in the fourteenth year came Chedorlaomer, and the kings that were with him, and smote the Rephaims in Ashteroth Karnaim, and the Zuzims in Ham, and the Emims in Shaveh Kiriathaim, (Gen 14:5)
- A people great, and many, and tall, as the Anakims; but the LORD destroyed them before them; and they succeeded them, and dwelt in their stead: (Deu 2:21)
- A people great and tall, the children of the Anakims, whom thou knowest, and of whom thou hast heard say, Who can stand before the children of Anak! (Deu 9:2)
- And at that time came Joshua, and cut off the Anakims from the mountains, from Hebron, from Debir, from Anab, and from all the mountains of Judah, and from all the mountains of Israel: Joshua destroyed them utterly with their cities. There was none of the Anakims left in the land of the children of Israel: only in Gaza, in Gath, and in Ashdod, there remained. (Jos 11:21-22)
- Now therefore give me this mountain, whereof the LORD spake in that day; for thou heardest in that day how the Anakims were there, and that the cities were great and fenced: if so be the LORD will be with me, then I shall be able to drive them out, as the LORD said. (Jos 14:12)
- And the name of Hebron before was Kirjatharba; which Arba was a great man among the Anakims. And the land had rest from war. (Jos 14:15)

Arba (Fahter of Anak)

Arba – Literally, the number four – Father of Anak)
- 4 – number of universality
Arba (Heb: arba – H704), literally, four – H702, 318 occurrences)
- And the name of Hebron before was Kirjatharba; which Arba was a great man among the Anakims. And the land had rest from war. (Jos 14:15)
- And unto Caleb the son of Jephunneh he gave a part among the children of Judah, according to the commandment of the LORD to Joshua, even the city of Arba the father of Anak, which city is Hebron. (Jos 15:13)
- And they gave them the city of Arba the father of Anak, which city is Hebron, in the hill country of Judah, with the suburbs thereof round about it. (Jos 21:11)

Kirjatharba

Kirjatharba – Heb: 7153 (the previous name of Hebron, where David became king – 2 Chr 11:1-3)
- Krijatharba – literally, ‘city of Arba’
- Hebron (H2275, literally means ‘association’)
- And Sarah died in Kirjatharba; the same is Hebron in the land of Canaan: and Abraham came to mourn for Sarah, and to weep for her. (Gen 23:2)
- And Jacob came unto Isaac his father unto Mamre, unto the city of Arbah, which is Hebron, where Abraham and Isaac sojourned. (Gen 35:27)
- And the name of Hebron before was Kirjatharba; which Arba was a great man among the Anakims. And the land had rest from war. (Jos 14:15)
- And Humtah, and Kirjatharba, which is Hebron, and Zior; nine cities with their villages: (Jos 15:54)
- And they appointed Kedesh in Galilee in mount Naphtali, and Shechem in mount Ephraim, and Kirjatharba, which is Hebron, in the mountain of Judah. (Jos 20:7)
- And Judah went against the Canaanites that dwelt in Hebron: (now the name of Hebron before was Kirjatharba:) and they slew Sheshai, and Ahiman, and Talmai. (Jdg 1:10)
- And for the villages, with their fields, some of the children of Judah dwelt at Kirjatharba, and in the villages thereof, and at Dibon, and in the villages thereof, and at Jekabzeel, and in the villages thereof, (Neh 11:25)

Hebron

Hebron – Heb: 2275, literally, ‘association’
- City of refuge – 1 Chr 6:57, Josh 20:7, Num 35:6 – see context Num 35, Josh 20
- City of the Levites – Josh 21:13, Num 35:6
Then Abram removed his tent, and came and dwelt in the plain of Mamre, which is in Hebron, and built there an altar unto the LORD. (Gen 13:18)
And Sarah died in Kirjatharba; the same is Hebron in the land of Canaan: and Abraham came to mourn for Sarah, and to weep for her. (Gen 23:2)
And after this, Abraham buried Sarah his wife in the cave of the field of Machpelah before Mamre: the same is Hebron in the land of Canaan. (Gen 23:19)
And Jacob came unto Isaac his father unto Mamre, unto the city of Arbah, which is Hebron, where Abraham and Isaac sojourned. (Gen 35:27)
And he said to him, Go, I pray thee, see whether it be well with thy brethren, and well with the flocks; and bring me word again. So he sent him out of the vale of Hebron, and he came to Shechem. (Gen 37:14)
And the sons of Kohath; Amram, and Izhar, and Hebron, and Uzziel: and the years of the life of Kohath were an hundred thirty and three years. (Exo 6:18)
And the sons of Kohath by their families; Amram, and Izehar, Hebron, and Uzziel. (Num 3:19)
And of Kohath was the family of the Amramites, and the family of the Izeharites, and the family of the Hebronites, and the family of the Uzzielites: these are the families of the Kohathites. (Num 3:27)
And they ascended by the south, and came unto Hebron; where Ahiman, Sheshai, and Talmai, the children of Anak, were. (Now Hebron was built seven years before Zoan in Egypt.) (Num 13:22)
These are the families of the Levites: the family of the Libnites, the family of the Hebronites, the family of the Mahlites, the family of the Mushites, the family of the Korathites. And Kohath begat Amram. (Num 26:58)
Wherefore Adonizedek king of Jerusalem sent unto Hoham king of Hebron, and unto Piram king of Jarmuth, and unto Japhia king of Lachish, and unto Debir king of Eglon, saying, (Jos 10:3)
Therefore the five kings of the Amorites, the king of Jerusalem, the king of Hebron, the king of Jarmuth, the king of Lachish, the king of Eglon, gathered themselves together, and went up, they and all their hosts, and encamped before Gibeon, and made war against it. (Jos 10:5)
And they did so, and brought forth those five kings unto him out of the cave, the king of Jerusalem, the king of Hebron, the king of Jarmuth, the king of Lachish, and the king of Eglon. (Jos 10:23)
And Joshua went up from Eglon, and all Israel with him, unto Hebron; and they fought against it: (Jos 10:36)
And he took it, and the king thereof, and all the cities thereof; and they smote them with the edge of the sword, and utterly destroyed all the souls that were therein; he left none remaining: as he had done to Hebron, so he did to Debir, and to the king thereof; as he had done also to Libnah, and to her king. (Jos 10:39)
And at that time came Joshua, and cut off the Anakims from the mountains, from Hebron, from Debir, from Anab, and from all the mountains of Judah, and from all the mountains of Israel: Joshua destroyed them utterly with their cities. (Jos 11:21)
The king of Jerusalem, one; the king of Hebron, one; (Jos 12:10)
And Joshua blessed him, and gave unto Caleb the son of Jephunneh Hebron for an inheritance. (Jos 14:13)
Hebron therefore became the inheritance of Caleb the son of Jephunneh the Kenezite unto this day, because that he wholly followed the LORD God of Israel. (Jos 14:14)
And the name of Hebron before was Kirjatharba; which Arba was a great man among the Anakims. And the land had rest from war. (Jos 14:15)
And unto Caleb the son of Jephunneh he gave a part among the children of Judah, according to the commandment of the LORD to Joshua, even the city of Arba the father of Anak, which city is Hebron. (Jos 15:13)
And Humtah, and Kirjatharba, which is Hebron, and Zior; nine cities with their villages: (Jos 15:54)
And Hebron, and Rehob, and Hammon, and Kanah, even unto great Zidon; (Jos 19:28)
And they appointed Kedesh in Galilee in mount Naphtali, and Shechem in mount Ephraim, and Kirjatharba, which is Hebron, in the mountain of Judah. (Jos 20:7)
And they gave them the city of Arba the father of Anak, which city is Hebron, in the hill country of Judah, with the suburbs thereof round about it. (Jos 21:11)
Thus they gave to the children of Aaron the priest Hebron with her suburbs, to be a city of refuge for the slayer; and Libnah with her suburbs, (Jos 21:13)
And Judah went against the Canaanites that dwelt in Hebron: (now the name of Hebron before was Kirjatharba:) and they slew Sheshai, and Ahiman, and Talmai. (Jdg 1:10)
And they gave Hebron unto Caleb, as Moses said: and he expelled thence the three sons of Anak. (Jdg 1:20)
And Samson lay till midnight, and arose at midnight, and took the doors of the gate of the city, and the two posts, and went away with them, bar and all, and put them upon his shoulders, and carried them up to the top of an hill that is before Hebron. (Jdg 16:3)
And to them which were in Hebron, and to all the places where David himself and his men were wont to haunt. (1Sa 30:31)
And it came to pass after this, that David enquired of the LORD, saying, Shall I go up into any of the cities of Judah? And the LORD said unto him, Go up. And David said, Whither shall I go up? And he said, Unto Hebron. (2Sa 2:1)
And his men that were with him did David bring up, every man with his household: and they dwelt in the cities of Hebron. (2Sa 2:3)
And the time that David was king in Hebron over the house of Judah was seven years and six months. (2Sa 2:11)
And they took up Asahel, and buried him in the sepulchre of his father, which was in Bethlehem. And Joab and his men went all night, and they came to Hebron at break of day. (2Sa 2:32)
And unto David were sons born in Hebron: and his firstborn was Amnon, of Ahinoam the Jezreelitess; (2Sa 3:2)
And the sixth, Ithream, by Eglah David’s wife. These were born to David in Hebron. (2Sa 3:5)
And Abner also spake in the ears of Benjamin: and Abner went also to speak in the ears of David in Hebron all that seemed good to Israel, and that seemed good to the whole house of Benjamin. (2Sa 3:19)
So Abner came to David to Hebron, and twenty men with him. And David made Abner and the men that were with him a feast. (2Sa 3:20)
And, behold, the servants of David and Joab came from pursuing a troop, and brought in a great spoil with them: but Abner was not with David in Hebron; for he had sent him away, and he was gone in peace. (2Sa 3:22)
And when Abner was returned to Hebron, Joab took him aside in the gate to speak with him quietly, and smote him there under the fifth rib, that he died, for the blood of Asahel his brother. (2Sa 3:27)
And they buried Abner in Hebron: and the king lifted up his voice, and wept at the grave of Abner; and all the people wept. (2Sa 3:32)
And when Saul’s son heard that Abner was dead in Hebron, his hands were feeble, and all the Israelites were troubled. (2Sa 4:1)
And they brought the head of Ishbosheth unto David to Hebron, and said to the king, Behold the head of Ishbosheth the son of Saul thine enemy, which sought thy life; and the LORD hath avenged my lord the king this day of Saul, and of his seed. (2Sa 4:8)
And David commanded his young men, and they slew them, and cut off their hands and their feet, and hanged them up over the pool in Hebron. But they took the head of Ishbosheth, and buried it in the sepulchre of Abner in Hebron. (2Sa 4:12)
Then came all the tribes of Israel to David unto Hebron, and spake, saying, Behold, we are thy bone and thy flesh. (2Sa 5:1)
So all the elders of Israel came to the king to Hebron; and king David made a league with them in Hebron before the LORD: and they anointed David king over Israel. (2Sa 5:3)
In Hebron he reigned over Judah seven years and six months: and in Jerusalem he reigned thirty and three years over all Israel and Judah. (2Sa 5:5)
And David took him more concubines and wives out of Jerusalem, after he was come from Hebron: and there were yet sons and daughters born to David. (2Sa 5:13)
And it came to pass after forty years, that Absalom said unto the king, I pray thee, let me go and pay my vow, which I have vowed unto the LORD, in Hebron. (2Sa 15:7)
And the king said unto him, Go in peace. So he arose, and went to Hebron. (2Sa 15:9)
But Absalom sent spies throughout all the tribes of Israel, saying, As soon as ye hear the sound of the trumpet, then ye shall say, Absalom reigneth in Hebron. (2Sa 15:10)
And the days that David reigned over Israel were forty years: seven years reigned he in Hebron, and thirty and three years reigned he in Jerusalem. (1Ki 2:11)
Now the sons of Caleb the brother of Jerahmeel were, Mesha his firstborn, which was the father of Ziph; and the sons of Mareshah the father of Hebron. (1Ch 2:42)
And the sons of Hebron; Korah, and Tappuah, and Rekem, and Shema. (1Ch 2:43)
Now these were the sons of David, which were born unto him in Hebron; the firstborn Amnon, of Ahinoam the Jezreelitess; the second Daniel, of Abigail the Carmelitess: (1Ch 3:1)
These six were born unto him in Hebron; and there he reigned seven years and six months: and in Jerusalem he reigned thirty and three years. (1Ch 3:4)
And the sons of Kohath; Amram, Izhar, and Hebron, and Uzziel. (1Ch 6:2)
And the sons of Kohath were, Amram, and Izhar, and Hebron, and Uzziel. (1Ch 6:18)
And they gave them Hebron in the land of Judah, and the suburbs thereof round about it. (1Ch 6:55)
And to the sons of Aaron they gave the cities of Judah, namely, Hebron, the city of refuge, and Libnah with her suburbs, and Jattir, and Eshtemoa, with their suburbs, (1Ch 6:57)
Then all Israel gathered themselves to David unto Hebron, saying, Behold, we are thy bone and thy flesh. (1Ch 11:1)
Therefore came all the elders of Israel to the king to Hebron; and David made a covenant with them in Hebron before the LORD; and they anointed David king over Israel, according to the word of the LORD by Samuel. (1Ch 11:3)
And these are the numbers of the bands that were ready armed to the war, and came to David to Hebron, to turn the kingdom of Saul to him, according to the word of the LORD. (1Ch 12:23)
All these men of war, that could keep rank, came with a perfect heart to Hebron, to make David king over all Israel: and all the rest also of Israel were of one heart to make David king. (1Ch 12:38)
Of the sons of Hebron; Eliel the chief, and his brethren fourscore: (1Ch 15:9)
The sons of Kohath; Amram, Izhar, Hebron, and Uzziel, four. (1Ch 23:12)
Of the sons of Hebron; Jeriah the first, Amariah the second, Jahaziel the third, and Jekameam the fourth. (1Ch 23:19)
And the sons of Hebron; Jeriah the first, Amariah the second, Jahaziel the third, Jekameam the fourth. (1Ch 24:23)
Of the Amramites, and the Izharites, the Hebronites, and the Uzzielites: (1Ch 26:23)
And of the Hebronites, Hashabiah and his brethren, men of valour, a thousand and seven hundred, were officers among them of Israel on this side Jordan westward in all the business of the LORD, and in the service of the king. (1Ch 26:30)
Among the Hebronites was Jerijah the chief, even among the Hebronites, according to the generations of his fathers. In the fortieth year of the reign of David they were sought for, and there were found among them mighty men of valour at Jazer of Gilead. (1Ch 26:31)
And the time that he reigned over Israel was forty years; seven years reigned he in Hebron, and thirty and three years reigned he in Jerusalem. (1Ch 29:27)
- And Zorah, and Aijalon, and Hebron, which are in Judah and in Benjamin fenced cities. (2Ch 11:10)

Cave of Macpelah (Hebron)

H4375 – makpelah

That he may give me the cave of Machpelah, which he hath, which is in the end of his field; for as much money as it is worth he shall give it me for a possession of a buryingplace amongst you. (Gen 23:9)
And the field of Ephron, which was in Machpelah, which was before Mamre, the field, and the cave which was therein, and all the trees that were in the field, that were in all the borders round about, were made sure (Gen 23:17)
And after this, Abraham buried Sarah his wife in the cave of the field of Machpelah before Mamre: the same is Hebron in the land of Canaan. (Gen 23:19)
And his sons Isaac and Ishmael buried him in the cave of Machpelah, in the field of Ephron the son of Zohar the Hittite, which is before Mamre; (Gen 25:9)
In the cave that is in the field of Machpelah, which is before Mamre, in the land of Canaan, which Abraham bought with the field of Ephron the Hittite for a possession of a buryingplace. (Gen 49:30)
For his sons carried him into the land of Canaan, and buried him in the cave of the field of Machpelah, which Abraham bought with the field for a possession of a buryingplace of Ephron the Hittite, before Mamre. (Gen 50:13)
Those buried in Hebron:
- Abrahamand Sarah (Genesis 23:1–20; Genesis 49:31)

- Isaac and Rebekah (Genesis 35:29; Genesis 49:31)
- Jacob and Leah (Genesis 49:28–33; Genesis 50:4–5; Genesis 50:12–13)

Other related verses:

And Joseph took an oath of the children of Israel, saying, God will surely visit you, and ye shall carry up my bones from hence. (Gen 50:25)
And Moses took the bones of Joseph with him: for he had straitly sworn the children of Israel, saying, God will surely visit you; and ye shall carry up my bones away hence with you. (Exo 13:19)
And the bones of Joseph, which the children of Israel brought up out of Egypt, buried they in Shechem, in a parcel of ground which Jacob bought of the sons of Hamor the father of Shechem for an hundred pieces of silver: and it became the inheritance of the children of Joseph. (Jos 24:32)
By faith Joseph, when he died, made mention of the departing of the children of Israel; and gave commandment concerning his bones. (Heb 11:22)
Then sent Joseph, and called his father Jacob to him, and all his kindred, threescore and fifteen souls. So Jacob went down into Egypt, and died, he, and our fathers, And were carried over into Sychem, and laid in the sepulchre that Abraham bought for a sum of money of the sons of Emmor the father of Sychem. (Act 7:14-16)
- Jacob in the loins of Abraham (see Gen 33:19)
And Jacob came to Shalem, a city of Shechem, which is in the land of Canaan, when he came from Padanaram; and pitched his tent before the city. And he bought a parcel of a field, where he had spread his tent, at the hand of the children of Hamor, Shechem’s father, for an hundred pieces of money. And he erected there an altar, and called it Elelohe-Israel. (Gen 33:18-20)
Then cometh he to a city of Samaria, which is called Sychar, near to the parcel of ground that Jacob gave to his son Joseph. Now Jacob’s well was there. Jesus therefore, being wearied with his journey, sat thus on the well: and it was about the sixth hour. (Joh 4:5-6)

Rephaim (Emims, Zamzummims)

Rephaims – Heb: rapha (H7497) – 21 occurrences, literally, healers, cure, invigorate)
- Rephaims linked to the the Anakims in Deut 2:11
- And in the fourteenth year came Chedorlaomer, and the kings that were with him, and smote the Rephaims in Ashteroth Karnaim, and the Zuzims in Ham, and the Emims in Shaveh Kiriathaim, (Gen 14:5)
- Land given to the Seed of Abram:
  - And the Hittites, and the Perizzites, and the Rephaims, (Gen 15:20)
- The Emims dwelt therein in times past, a people great, and many, and tall, as the Anakims; Which also were accounted giants, as the Anakims; but the Moabites call them Emims. (Deu 2:10-11)
  - Emins (H368, eymiym, literally ‘terror’ ones) – only other occurrence, with Rephaim in Gen 14:5 (Chedorlaomer conquered both, but was later conquered by Abraham by faith)
- That also was accounted a land of giants: giants dwelt therein in old time; and the Ammonites call them Zamzummims; (Deu 2:20)
  - Zamzummims (H2157, zamzom, from H2161 / H2162, planners, intrique) – only occurrence of H2157 is in Deut 2:20)
    - Wicked plot – Psa 140:8, Gen 11:6, Psa 31:13 (plot against the Messiah)
  - For only Og king of Bashan remained of the remnant of giants; behold, his bedstead was a bedstead of iron; is it not in Rabbath of the children of Ammon? nine cubits was the length thereof, and four cubits the breadth of it, after the cubit of a man. (Deu 3:11)
  - And the rest of Gilead, and all Bashan, being the kingdom of Og, gave I unto the half tribe of Manasseh; all the region of Argob, with all Bashan, which was called the land of giants. (Deu 3:13)
  - And the coast of Og king of Bashan, which was of the remnant of the giants, that dwelt at Ashtaroth and at Edrei, (Jos 12:4)
  - All the kingdom of Og in Bashan, which reigned in Ashtaroth and in Edrei, who remained of the remnant of the giants: for these did Moses smite, and cast them out. (Jos 13:12)
  - And the border went up by the valley of the son of Hinnom unto the south side of the Jebusite; the same is Jerusalem: and the border went up to the top of the mountain that lieth before the valley of Hinnom westward, which is at the end of the valley of the giants northward: (Jos 15:8)
  - And Joshua answered them, If thou be a great people, then get thee up to the wood country, and cut down for thyself there in the land of the Perizzites and of the giants, if mount Ephraim be too narrow for thee. (Jos 17:15)
  - And the border came down to the end of the mountain that lieth before the valley of the son of Hinnom, and which is in the valley of the giants on the north, and descended to the valley of Hinnom, to the side of Jebusi on the south, and descended to Enrogel, (Jos 18:16)
  - The Philistines also came and spread themselves in the valley of Rephaim. (2Sa 5:18)
  - And the Philistines came up yet again, and spread themselves in the valley of Rephaim. (2Sa 5:22)
  - And three of the thirty chief went down, and came to David in the harvest time unto the cave of Adullam: and the troop of the Philistines pitched in the valley of Rephaim. (2Sa 23:13)
  - Now three of the thirty captains went down to the rock to David, into the cave of Adullam; and the host of the Philistines encamped in the valley of Rephaim. (1Ch 11:15)
  - And the Philistines came and spread themselves in the valley of Rephaim. (1Ch 14:9)
  - Philistine Giants killed by David’s men:
    - And it came to pass after this, that there arose war at Gezer with the Philistines; at which time Sibbechai the Hushathite slew Sippai, that was of the children of the giant: and they were subdued. And there was war again with the Philistines; and Elhanan the son of Jair slew Lahmi the brother of Goliath the Gittite, whose spear staff was like a weaver’s beam. And yet again there was war at Gath, where was a man of great stature, whose fingers and toes were four and twenty, six on each hand, and six on each foot: and he also was the son of the giant. But when he defied Israel, Jonathan the son of Shimea David’s brother slew him. These were born unto the giant in Gath; and they fell by the hand of David, and by the hand of his servants. (1Ch 20:4-8)
    - And there went out a champion out of the camp of the Philistines, named Goliath, of Gath, whose height was six cubits and a span. (1Sa 17:4)
  - And it shall be as when the harvestman gathereth the corn, and reapeth the ears with his arm; and it shall be as he that gathereth ears in the valley of Rephaim. (Isa 17:5)
- H7498 (Heb: rapha) – 6 occurrences – literally is the same word as H7497 (Rephaim)
  - And Ishbibenob, which was of the sons of the giant, the weight of whose spear weighed three hundred shekels of brass in weight, he being girded with a new sword, thought to have slain David. (2Sa 21:16)
  - And it came to pass after this, that there was again a battle with the Philistines at Gob: then Sibbechai the Hushathite slew Saph, which was of the sons of the giant. (2Sa 21:18)
  - And there was yet a battle in Gath, where was a man of great stature, that had on every hand six fingers, and on every foot six toes, four and twenty in number; and he also was born to the giant. (2Sa 21:20)
  - These four were born to the giant in Gath, and fell by the hand of David, and by the hand of his servants. (2Sa 21:22)
  - Nohah the fourth, and Rapha the fifth. (1Ch 8:2)
  - And Moza begat Binea: Rapha was his son, Eleasah his son, Azel his son: (1Ch 8:37)

Og, King of Bashan

Verses on Og:

And they turned and went up by the way of Bashan: and Og the king of Bashan went out against them, he, and all his people, to the battle at Edrei. (Num 21:33)
And Moses gave unto them, even to the children of Gad, and to the children of Reuben, and unto half the tribe of Manasseh the son of Joseph, the kingdom of Sihon king of the Amorites, and the kingdom of Og king of Bashan, the land, with the cities thereof in the coasts, even the cities of the country round about. (Num 32:33)
After he had slain Sihon the king of the Amorites, which dwelt in Heshbon, and Og the king of Bashan, which dwelt at Astaroth in Edrei: (Deu 1:4)
Then we turned, and went up the way to Bashan: and Og the king of Bashan came out against us, he and all his people, to battle at Edrei. (Deu 3:1)
So the LORD our God delivered into our hands Og also, the king of Bashan, and all his people: and we smote him until none was left to him remaining. (Deu 3:3)
And we took all his cities at that time, there was not a city which we took not from them, threescore cities, all the region of Argob, the kingdom of Og in Bashan. (Deu 3:4)
All the cities of the plain, and all Gilead, and all Bashan, unto Salchah and Edrei, cities of the kingdom of Og in Bashan. (Deu 3:10)
For only Og king of Bashan remained of the remnant of giants; behold, his bedstead was a bedstead of iron; is it not in Rabbath of the children of Ammon? nine cubits was the length thereof, and four cubits the breadth of it, after the cubit of a man. (Deu 3:11)
And the rest of Gilead, and all Bashan, being the kingdom of Og, gave I unto the half tribe of Manasseh; all the region of Argob, with all Bashan, which was called the land of giants. (Deu 3:13)
On this side Jordan, in the valley over against Bethpeor, in the land of Sihon king of the Amorites, who dwelt at Heshbon, whom Moses and the children of Israel smote, after they were come forth out of Egypt: And they possessed his land, and the land of Og king of Bashan, two kings of the Amorites, which were on this side Jordan toward the sunrising; (Deu 4:46-47)
And when ye came unto this place, Sihon the king of Heshbon, and Og the king of Bashan, came out against us unto battle, and we smote them: (Deu 29:7)
And the LORD shall do unto them as he did to Sihon and to Og, kings of the Amorites, and unto the land of them, whom he destroyed. (Deu 31:4)
For we have heard how the LORD dried up the water of the Red sea for you, when ye came out of Egypt; and what ye did unto the two kings of the Amorites, that were on the other side Jordan, Sihon and Og, whom ye utterly destroyed. (Jos 2:10)
And all that he did to the two kings of the Amorites, that were beyond Jordan, to Sihon king of Heshbon, and to Og king of Bashan, which was at Ashtaroth. (Jos 9:10)
And the coast of Og king of Bashan, which was of the remnant of the giants, that dwelt at Ashtaroth and at Edrei, (Jos 12:4)
All the kingdom of Og in Bashan, which reigned in Ashtaroth and in Edrei, who remained of the remnant of the giants: for these did Moses smite, and cast them out. (Jos 13:12)
And their coast was from Mahanaim, all Bashan, all the kingdom of Og king of Bashan, and all the towns of Jair, which are in Bashan, threescore cities: (Jos 13:30)
And half Gilead, and Ashtaroth, and Edrei, cities of the kingdom of Og in Bashan, were pertaining unto the children of Machir the son of Manasseh, even to the one half of the children of Machir by their families. (Jos 13:31)
Geber the son of Uri was in the country of Gilead, in the country of Sihon king of the Amorites, and of Og king of Bashan; and he was the only officer which was in the land. (1Ki 4:19)
Moreover thou gavest them kingdoms and nations, and didst divide them into corners: so they possessed the land of Sihon, and the land of the king of Heshbon, and the land of Og king of Bashan. (Neh 9:22)
Sihon king of the Amorites, and Og king of Bashan, and all the kingdoms of Canaan: (Psa 135:11)
And Og the king of Bashan: for his mercy endureth for ever: (Psa 136:20)

Og was an Amorite (see below):

Deut 4:46-47, Deut 31:4

Og was a Rephaim:

Yet destroyed I the Amorite before them, whose height was like the height of the cedars, and he was strong as the oaks; yet I destroyed his fruit from above, and his roots from beneath. (Amo 2:9)
And the coast of Og king of Bashan, which was of the remnant of the giants, that dwelt at Ashtaroth and at Edrei, (Jos 12:4)
All the kingdom of Og in Bashan, which reigned in Ashtaroth and in Edrei, who remained of the remnant of the giants: for these did Moses smite, and cast them out. (Jos 13:12)
And the rest of Gilead, and all Bashan, being the kingdom of Og, gave I unto the half tribe of Manasseh; all the region of Argob, with all Bashan, which was called the land of giants. (Deu 3:13)

Bashan given to Manasseh:

And their coast was from Mahanaim, all Bashan, all the kingdom of Og king of Bashan, and all the towns of Jair, which are in Bashan, threescore cities: And half Gilead, and Ashtaroth, and Edrei, cities of the kingdom of Og in Bashan, were pertaining unto the children of Machir the son of Manasseh, even to the one half of the children of Machir by their families. (Jos 13:30-31)

Bashan given as an inheritance to Israel:

Who smote great nations, and slew mighty kings; Sihon king of the Amorites, and Og king of Bashan, and all the kingdoms of Canaan: And gave their land for an heritage, an heritage unto Israel his people. (Psa 135:10-12)
And slew famous kings: for his mercy endureth for ever: Sihon king of the Amorites: for his mercy endureth for ever: And Og the king of Bashan: for his mercy endureth for ever: And gave their land for an heritage: for his mercy endureth for ever: Even an heritage unto Israel his servant: for his mercy endureth for ever. (Psa 136:18-22)
Geber the son of Uri was in the country of Gilead, in the country of Sihon king of the Amorites, and of Og king of Bashan; and he was the only officer which was in the land. (1Ki 4:19)

Amorite Verses

And the Jebusite, and the Amorite, and the Girgasite, (Gen 10:16)
And they returned, and came to Enmishpat, which is Kadesh, and smote all the country of the Amalekites, and also the Amorites, that dwelt in Hazezontamar. (Gen 14:7)
And there came one that had escaped, and told Abram the Hebrew; for he dwelt in the plain of Mamre the Amorite, brother of Eshcol, and brother of Aner: and these were confederate with Abram. (Gen 14:13)
But in the fourth generation they shall come hither again: for the iniquity of the Amorites is not yet full. (Gen 15:16)
And the Amorites, and the Canaanites, and the Girgashites, and the Jebusites. (Gen 15:21)
Moreover I have given to thee one portion above thy brethren, which I took out of the hand of the Amorite with my sword and with my bow. (Gen 48:22)
And I am come down to deliver them out of the hand of the Egyptians, and to bring them up out of that land unto a good land and a large, unto a land flowing with milk and honey; unto the place of the Canaanites, and the Hittites, and the Amorites, and the Perizzites, and the Hivites, and the Jebusites. (Exo 3:8)
And I have said, I will bring you up out of the affliction of Egypt unto the land of the Canaanites, and the Hittites, and the Amorites, and the Perizzites, and the Hivites, and the Jebusites, unto a land flowing with milk and honey. (Exo 3:17)
And it shall be when the LORD shall bring thee into the land of the Canaanites, and the Hittites, and the Amorites, and the Hivites, and the Jebusites, which he sware unto thy fathers to give thee, a land flowing with milk and honey, that thou shalt keep this service in this month. (Exo 13:5)
For mine Angel shall go before thee, and bring thee in unto the Amorites, and the Hittites, and the Perizzites, and the Canaanites, the Hivites, and the Jebusites: and I will cut them off. (Exo 23:23)
And I will send an angel before thee; and I will drive out the Canaanite, the Amorite, and the Hittite, and the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite: (Exo 33:2)
Observe thou that which I command thee this day: behold, I drive out before thee the Amorite, and the Canaanite, and the Hittite, and the Perizzite, and the Hivite, and the Jebusite. (Exo 34:11)
The Amalekites dwell in the land of the south: and the Hittites, and the Jebusites, and the Amorites, dwell in the mountains: and the Canaanites dwell by the sea, and by the coast of Jordan. (Num 13:29)
From thence they removed, and pitched on the other side of Arnon, which is in the wilderness that cometh out of the coasts of the Amorites: for Arnon is the border of Moab, between Moab and the Amorites. (Num 21:13)
And Israel sent messengers unto Sihon king of the Amorites, saying, (Num 21:21)
And Israel took all these cities: and Israel dwelt in all the cities of the Amorites, in Heshbon, and in all the villages thereof. (Num 21:25)
For Heshbon was the city of Sihon the king of the Amorites, who had fought against the former king of Moab, and taken all his land out of his hand, even unto Arnon. (Num 21:26)
Woe to thee, Moab! thou art undone, O people of Chemosh: he hath given his sons that escaped, and his daughters, into captivity unto Sihon king of the Amorites. (Num 21:29)
Thus Israel dwelt in the land of the Amorites. (Num 21:31)
And Moses sent to spy out Jaazer, and they took the villages thereof, and drove out the Amorites that were there. (Num 21:32)
And the LORD said unto Moses, Fear him not: for I have delivered him into thy hand, and all his people, and his land; and thou shalt do to him as thou didst unto Sihon king of the Amorites, which dwelt at Heshbon. (Num 21:34)
And Balak the son of Zippor saw all that Israel had done to the Amorites. (Num 22:2)
And Moses gave unto them, even to the children of Gad, and to the children of Reuben, and unto half the tribe of Manasseh the son of Joseph, the kingdom of Sihon king of the Amorites, and the kingdom of Og king of Bashan, the land, with the cities thereof in the coasts, even the cities of the country round about. (Num 32:33)
And the children of Machir the son of Manasseh went to Gilead, and took it, and dispossessed the Amorite which was in it. (Num 32:39)
After he had slain Sihon the king of the Amorites, which dwelt in Heshbon, and Og the king of Bashan, which dwelt at Astaroth in Edrei: (Deu 1:4)
Turn you, and take your journey, and go to the mount of the Amorites, and unto all the places nigh thereunto, in the plain, in the hills, and in the vale, and in the south, and by the sea side, to the land of the Canaanites, and unto Lebanon, unto the great river, the river Euphrates. (Deu 1:7)
And when we departed from Horeb, we went through all that great and terrible wilderness, which ye saw by the way of the mountain of the Amorites, as the LORD our God commanded us; and we came to Kadeshbarnea. (Deu 1:19)
And I said unto you, Ye are come unto the mountain of the Amorites, which the LORD our God doth give unto us. (Deu 1:20)
And ye murmured in your tents, and said, Because the LORD hated us, he hath brought us forth out of the land of Egypt, to deliver us into the hand of the Amorites, to destroy us. (Deu 1:27)
And the Amorites, which dwelt in that mountain, came out against you, and chased you, as bees do, and destroyed you in Seir, even unto Hormah. (Deu 1:44)
Rise ye up, take your journey, and pass over the river Arnon: behold, I have given into thine hand Sihon the Amorite, king of Heshbon, and his land: begin to possess it, and contend with him in battle. (Deu 2:24)
And the LORD said unto me, Fear him not: for I will deliver him, and all his people, and his land, into thy hand; and thou shalt do unto him as thou didst unto Sihon king of the Amorites, which dwelt at Heshbon. (Deu 3:2)
And we took at that time out of the hand of the two kings of the Amorites the land that was on this side Jordan, from the river of Arnon unto mount Hermon; (Deu 3:8)
(Which Hermon the Sidonians call Sirion; and the Amorites call it Shenir;) (Deu 3:9)
On this side Jordan, in the valley over against Bethpeor, in the land of Sihon king of the Amorites, who dwelt at Heshbon, whom Moses and the children of Israel smote, after they were come forth out of Egypt: (Deu 4:46)
And they possessed his land, and the land of Og king of Bashan, two kings of the Amorites, which were on this side Jordan toward the sunrising; (Deu 4:47)
When the LORD thy God shall bring thee into the land whither thou goest to possess it, and hath cast out many nations before thee, the Hittites, and the Girgashites, and the Amorites, and the Canaanites, and the Perizzites, and the Hivites, and the Jebusites, seven nations greater and mightier than thou; (Deu 7:1)
But thou shalt utterly destroy them; namely, the Hittites, and the Amorites, the Canaanites, and the Perizzites, the Hivites, and the Jebusites; as the LORD thy God hath commanded thee: (Deu 20:17)
And the LORD shall do unto them as he did to Sihon and to Og, kings of the Amorites, and unto the land of them, whom he destroyed. (Deu 31:4)
For we have heard how the LORD dried up the water of the Red sea for you, when ye came out of Egypt; and what ye did unto the two kings of the Amorites, that were on the other side Jordan, Sihon and Og, whom ye utterly destroyed. (Jos 2:10)
And Joshua said, Hereby ye shall know that the living God is among you, and that he will without fail drive out from before you the Canaanites, and the Hittites, and the Hivites, and the Perizzites, and the Girgashites, and the Amorites, and the Jebusites. (Jos 3:10)
And it came to pass, when all the kings of the Amorites, which were on the side of Jordan westward, and all the kings of the Canaanites, which were by the sea, heard that the LORD had dried up the waters of Jordan from before the children of Israel, until we were passed over, that their heart melted, neither was there spirit in them any more, because of the children of Israel. (Jos 5:1)
And Joshua said, Alas, O Lord GOD, wherefore hast thou at all brought this people over Jordan, to deliver us into the hand of the Amorites, to destroy us? would to God we had been content, and dwelt on the other side Jordan! (Jos 7:7)
And it came to pass, when all the kings which were on this side Jordan, in the hills, and in the valleys, and in all the coasts of the great sea over against Lebanon, the Hittite, and the Amorite, the Canaanite, the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite, heard thereof; (Jos 9:1)
And all that he did to the two kings of the Amorites, that were beyond Jordan, to Sihon king of Heshbon, and to Og king of Bashan, which was at Ashtaroth. (Jos 9:10)
Therefore the five kings of the Amorites, the king of Jerusalem, the king of Hebron, the king of Jarmuth, the king of Lachish, the king of Eglon, gathered themselves together, and went up, they and all their hosts, and encamped before Gibeon, and made war against it. (Jos 10:5)
And the men of Gibeon sent unto Joshua to the camp to Gilgal, saying, Slack not thy hand from thy servants; come up to us quickly, and save us, and help us: for all the kings of the Amorites that dwell in the mountains are gathered together against us. (Jos 10:6)
Then spake Joshua to the LORD in the day when the LORD delivered up the Amorites before the children of Israel, and he said in the sight of Israel, Sun, stand thou still upon Gibeon; and thou, Moon, in the valley of Ajalon. (Jos 10:12)
And to the Canaanite on the east and on the west, and to the Amorite, and the Hittite, and the Perizzite, and the Jebusite in the mountains, and to the Hivite under Hermon in the land of Mizpeh. (Jos 11:3)
Sihon king of the Amorites, who dwelt in Heshbon, and ruled from Aroer, which is upon the bank of the river Arnon, and from the middle of the river, and from half Gilead, even unto the river Jabbok, which is the border of the children of Ammon; (Jos 12:2)
In the mountains, and in the valleys, and in the plains, and in the springs, and in the wilderness, and in the south country; the Hittites, the Amorites, and the Canaanites, the Perizzites, the Hivites, and the Jebusites: (Jos 12:8)
From the south, all the land of the Canaanites, and Mearah that is beside the Sidonians, unto Aphek, to the borders of the Amorites: (Jos 13:4)
And all the cities of Sihon king of the Amorites, which reigned in Heshbon, unto the border of the children of Ammon; (Jos 13:10)
And all the cities of the plain, and all the kingdom of Sihon king of the Amorites, which reigned in Heshbon, whom Moses smote with the princes of Midian, Evi, and Rekem, and Zur, and Hur, and Reba, which were dukes of Sihon, dwelling in the country. (Jos 13:21)
And I brought you into the land of the Amorites, which dwelt on the other side Jordan; and they fought with you: and I gave them into your hand, that ye might possess their land; and I destroyed them from before you. (Jos 24:8)
And ye went over Jordan, and came unto Jericho: and the men of Jericho fought against you, the Amorites, and the Perizzites, and the Canaanites, and the Hittites, and the Girgashites, the Hivites, and the Jebusites; and I delivered them into your hand. (Jos 24:11)
And I sent the hornet before you, which drave them out from before you, even the two kings of the Amorites; but not with thy sword, nor with thy bow. (Jos 24:12)
And if it seem evil unto you to serve the LORD, choose you this day whom ye will serve; whether the gods which your fathers served that were on the other side of the flood, or the gods of the Amorites, in whose land ye dwell: but as for me and my house, we will serve the LORD. (Jos 24:15)
And the LORD drave out from before us all the people, even the Amorites which dwelt in the land: therefore will we also serve the LORD; for he is our God. (Jos 24:18)
And the Amorites forced the children of Dan into the mountain: for they would not suffer them to come down to the valley: (Jdg 1:34)
But the Amorites would dwell in mount Heres in Aijalon, and in Shaalbim: yet the hand of the house of Joseph prevailed, so that they became tributaries. (Jdg 1:35)
And the coast of the Amorites was from the going up to Akrabbim, from the rock, and upward. (Jdg 1:36)
And the children of Israel dwelt among the Canaanites, Hittites, and Amorites, and Perizzites, and Hivites, and Jebusites: (Jdg 3:5)
And I said unto you, I am the LORD your God; fear not the gods of the Amorites, in whose land ye dwell: but ye have not obeyed my voice. (Jdg 6:10)
And that year they vexed and oppressed the children of Israel: eighteen years, all the children of Israel that were on the other side Jordan in the land of the Amorites, which is in Gilead. (Jdg 10:8)
And the LORD said unto the children of Israel, Did not I deliver you from the Egyptians, and from the Amorites, from the children of Ammon, and from the Philistines? (Jdg 10:11)
And Israel sent messengers unto Sihon king of the Amorites, the king of Heshbon; and Israel said unto him, Let us pass, we pray thee, through thy land into my place. (Jdg 11:19)
And the LORD God of Israel delivered Sihon and all his people into the hand of Israel, and they smote them: so Israel possessed all the land of the Amorites, the inhabitants of that country. (Jdg 11:21)
And they possessed all the coasts of the Amorites, from Arnon even unto Jabbok, and from the wilderness even unto Jordan. (Jdg 11:22)
So now the LORD God of Israel hath dispossessed the Amorites from before his people Israel, and shouldest thou possess it? (Jdg 11:23)
And the cities which the Philistines had taken from Israel were restored to Israel, from Ekron even unto Gath; and the coasts thereof did Israel deliver out of the hands of the Philistines. And there was peace between Israel and the Amorites. (1Sa 7:14)
And the king called the Gibeonites, and said unto them; (now the Gibeonites were not of the children of Israel, but of the remnant of the Amorites; and the children of Israel had sworn unto them: and Saul sought to slay them in his zeal to the children of Israel and Judah.) (2Sa 21:2)
Geber the son of Uri was in the country of Gilead, in the country of Sihon king of the Amorites, and of Og king of Bashan; and he was the only officer which was in the land. (1Ki 4:19)
And all the people that were left of the Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites, which were not of the children of Israel, (1Ki 9:20)
And he did very abominably in following idols, according to all things as did the Amorites, whom the LORD cast out before the children of Israel. (1Ki 21:26)
Because Manasseh king of Judah hath done these abominations, and hath done wickedly above all that the Amorites did, which were before him, and hath made Judah also to sin with his idols: (2Ki 21:11)
The Jebusite also, and the Amorite, and the Girgashite, (1Ch 1:14)
As for all the people that were left of the Hittites, and the Amorites, and the Perizzites, and the Hivites, and the Jebusites, which were not of Israel, (2Ch 8:7)
Now when these things were done, the princes came to me, saying, The people of Israel, and the priests, and the Levites, have not separated themselves from the people of the lands, doing according to their abominations, even of the Canaanites, the Hittites, the Perizzites, the Jebusites, the Ammonites, the Moabites, the Egyptians, and the Amorites. (Ezr 9:1)
And foundest his heart faithful before thee, and madest a covenant with him to give the land of the Canaanites, the Hittites, the Amorites, and the Perizzites, and the Jebusites, and the Girgashites, to give it, I say, to his seed, and hast performed thy words; for thou art righteous: (Neh 9:8)
Sihon king of the Amorites, and Og king of Bashan, and all the kingdoms of Canaan: (Psa 135:11)
Sihon king of the Amorites: for his mercy endureth for ever: (Psa 136:19)
And say, Thus saith the Lord GOD unto Jerusalem; Thy birth and thy nativity is of the land of Canaan; thy father was an Amorite, and thy mother an Hittite. (Eze 16:3)
Thou art thy mother’s daughter, that lotheth her husband and her children; and thou art the sister of thy sisters, which lothed their husbands and their children: your mother was an Hittite, and your father an Amorite. (Eze 16:45)
Yet destroyed I the Amorite before them, whose height was like the height of the cedars, and he was strong as the oaks; yet I destroyed his fruit from above, and his roots from beneath. (Amo 2:9)
Also I brought you up from the land of Egypt, and led you forty years through the wilderness, to possess the land of the Amorite. (Amo 2:10)

Tall in the Bible – Symbol of Pride

Tall (Hebrew / Aramic: rum (H7311, H7312, H7313, H7314) – used as tall, lift up, exalted, etc.
- Whither shall we go up? our brethren have discouraged our heart, saying, The people is greater and taller than we; the cities are great and walled up to heaven; and moreover we have seen the sons of the Anakims there. (Deu 1:28)
- The Emims dwelt therein in times past, a people great, and many, and tall, as the Anakims; (Deu 2:10)
- A people great, and many, and tall, as the Anakims; but the LORD destroyed them before them; and they succeeded them, and dwelt in their stead: (Deu 2:21)
- A people great and tall, the children of the Anakims, whom thou knowest, and of whom thou hast heard say, Who can stand before the children of Anak! (Deu 9:2)
Being tall (lifted) as symbolic of pride (H7311 / H7312):
- An high look, and a proud heart, and the plowing of the wicked, is (Pro 21:4)
- The heaven for height, and the earth for depth, and the heart of kings is (Pro 25:3)
- The lofty looks of man shall be humbled, and the haughtiness of men shall be bowed down, and the LORD alone shall be exalted in that day. (Isa 2:11)
- And the loftiness of man shall be bowed down, and the haughtiness of men shall be made low: and the LORD alone shall be exalted in that day. (Isa 2:17)
- Wherefore it shall come to pass, that when the Lord hath performed his whole work upon mount Zion and on Jerusalem, I will punish the fruit of the stout heart of the king of Assyria, and the glory of his high looks. (Isa 10:12)
- Behold, the Lord, the LORD of hosts, shall lop the bough with terror: and the high ones of stature shall be hewn down, and the haughty shall be humbled. (Isa 10:33)
- We have heard the pride of Moab, (he is exceeding proud) his loftiness, and his arrogancy, and his pride, and the haughtiness of his heart. (Jer 48:29)
- Then thine heart be lifted up, and thou forget the LORD thy God, which brought thee forth out of the land of Egypt, from the house of bondage; (Deu 8:14)
- That his heart be not lifted up above his brethren, and that he turn not aside from the commandment, to the right hand, or to the left: to the end that he may prolong his days in his kingdom, he, and his children, in the midst of Israel. (Deu 17:20)
- For thou hast hid their heart from understanding: therefore shalt thou not exalt (Job 17:4)
- How long shall I take counsel in my soul, having sorrow in my heart daily? how long shall mine enemy be exalted over me? (Psa 13:2)
- A Song of degrees of David. LORD, my heart is not haughty, nor mine eyes lofty: neither do I exercise myself in great matters, or in things too high for me. (Psa 131:1)
- For thou hast said in thine heart, I will ascend into heaven, I will exalt my throne above the stars of God: I will sit also upon the mount of the congregation, in the sides of the north: (Isa 14:13)
- Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; Because thou hast lifted up thyself in height, and he hath shot up his top among the thick boughs, and his heart is lifted up in his height; (Eze 31:10)
- And when he hath taken away the multitude, his heart shall be lifted up; and he shall cast down many ten thousands: but he shall not be strengthened by it. (Dan 11:12)
- According to their pasture, so were they filled; they were filled, and their heart was exalted; therefore have they forgotten me. (Hos 13:6)
- Shall any teach God knowledge? seeing he judgeth those that are high. (Job 21:22)
- And from the wicked their light is withholden, and the high arm shall be broken. (Job 38:15)
- But thou, O LORD, art a shield for me; my glory, and the lifter up of mine head. (Psa 3:3)
- Have mercy upon me, O LORD; consider my trouble which I suffer of them that hate me, thou that liftest me up from the gates of death: (Psa 9:13)
- The wicked walk on every side, when the vilest men are exalted. (Psa 12:8)
- How long shall I take counsel in my soul, having sorrow in my heart daily? how long shall mine enemy be exalted over me? (Psa 13:2)
- For thou wilt save the afflicted people; but wilt bring down high looks. (Psa 18:27)
- He delivereth me from mine enemies: yea, thou liftest me up above those that rise up against me: thou hast delivered me from the violent man. (Psa 18:48)
- For in the time of trouble he shall hide me in his pavilion: in the secret of his tabernacle shall he hide me; he shall set me up upon a rock. (Psa 27:5)
- And now shall mine head be lifted up above mine enemies round about me: therefore will I offer in his tabernacle sacrifices of joy; I will sing, yea, I will sing praises unto the LORD. (Psa 27:6)
- Wait on the LORD, and keep his way, and he shall exalt thee to inherit the land: when the wicked are cut off, thou shalt see (Psa 37:34)
- He ruleth by his power for ever; his eyes behold the nations: let not the rebellious exalt themselves. Selah. (Psa 66:7)
- I said unto the fools, Deal not foolishly: and to the wicked, Lift not up the horn: (Psa 75:4)
- Lift not up your horn on high: speak not with a stiff neck. (Psa 75:5)
- For promotion cometh neither from the east, nor from the west, nor from the south. (Psa 75:6)
- But God is the judge: he putteth down one, and setteth up another. (Psa 75:7)
- All the horns of the wicked also will I cut off; but the horns of the righteous shall be exalted. (Psa 75:10)
- And he built his sanctuary like high palaces, like the earth which he hath established for ever. (Psa 78:69)
- Thou hast a mighty arm: strong is thy hand, and high is thy right hand. (Psa 89:13)
- In thy name shall they rejoice all the day: and in thy righteousness shall they be exalted. (Psa 89:16)
- For thou art the glory of their strength: and in thy favour our horn shall be exalted. (Psa 89:17)
- Then thou spakest in vision to thy holy one, and saidst, I have laid help upon one that is mighty; I have exalted one chosen out of the people. (Psa 89:19)
- But my faithfulness and my mercy shall be with him: and in my name shall his horn be exalted. (Psa 89:24)
- Thou hast set up the right hand of his adversaries; thou hast made all his enemies to rejoice. (Psa 89:42)
- But my horn shalt thou exalt like the horn of an unicorn: I shall be anointed with fresh oil. (Psa 92:10)
- The LORD is great in Zion; and he is high above all the people. (Psa 99:2)
- Exalt ye the LORD our God, and worship at his footstool; for he is (Psa 99:5)
- Grant not, O LORD, the desires of the wicked: further not his wicked device; lest they exalt themselves. Selah. (Psa 140:8)
- The wise shall inherit glory: but shame shall be the promotion of fools. (Pro 3:35)
- A proud look, a lying tongue, and hands that shed innocent blood, (Pro 6:17)
- He that is slow to wrath is of great understanding: but he that is hasty of spirit exalteth folly. (Pro 14:29)
- There is a generation, O how lofty are their eyes! and their eyelids are lifted up. (Pro 30:13)
Saul originally humble but became proud:
- And Samuel said, When thou wast little in thine own sight, wast thou not made the head of the tribes of Israel, and the LORD anointed thee king over Israel? (1Sa 15:17)
- Wherefore then didst thou not obey the voice of the LORD, but didst fly upon the spoil, and didst evil in the sight of the LORD? (1Sa 15:19)
- See context of 1 Sam 15 for disobedience (pride) of Saul (he believed he knew better than God and altered what God commanded by not destroying the animals and the King)
Judgment on the high / lifted up
- For the day of the LORD of hosts shall be upon every one that is proud and lofty, and upon every one that is lifted up; and he shall be brought low: (Isa 2:12)
- And upon all the cedars of Lebanon, that are high and lifted up, and upon all the oaks of Bashan, (Isa 2:13)
- And upon all the high mountains, and upon all the hills that are lifted up, (Isa 2:14)
- And therefore will the LORD wait, that he may be gracious unto you, and therefore will he be exalted, that he may have mercy upon you: for the LORD is a God of judgment: blessed are all they that wait for him. (Isa 30:18)
- () Whom hast thou reproached and blasphemed? and against whom hast thou exalted thy voice, and lifted up thine eyes on high? even against the Holy One of Israel. (Isa 37:23)
- Yea, he magnified himself even to the prince of the host, and by him the daily sacrifice was taken away, and the place of his sanctuary was cast down. (Dan 8:11)
- And when he hath taken away the multitude, his heart shall be lifted up; and he shall cast down many ten thousands: but he shall not be strengthened by it. (Dan 11:12)
- And the king shall do according to his will; and he shall exalt himself, and magnify himself above every god, and shall speak marvellous things against the God of gods, and shall prosper till the indignation be accomplished: for that that is determined shall be done. (Dan 11:36)
- And I heard ()the man clothed in linen, which was upon the waters of the river, when he held up his right hand and his left hand unto heaven, and sware by him that liveth for ever that it shall be for a time, times, and an half; and when he shall have accomplished to scatter the power of the holy people, all these things shall be finished. (Dan 12:7)
- According to their pasture, so were they filled; they were filled, and their heart was exalted; therefore have they forgotten me. (Hos 13:6)
- Thine hand shall be lifted up upon thine adversaries, and all thine enemies shall be cut off. (Mic 5:9)
Symbols of Nebuchadnezzar (H7313 / H7314):
- Nebuchadnezzar the king made an image of gold, whose height was threescore cubits, and the breadth thereof six cubits: he set it up in the plain of Dura, in the province of Babylon. (Dan 3:1)
- Thus were the visions of mine head in my bed; I saw, and behold a tree in the midst of the earth, and the height thereof was great. The tree grew, and was strong, and the height thereof reached unto heaven, and the sight thereof to the end of all the earth: (Dan 4:10-11)
- The tree that thou sawest, which grew, and was strong, whose height reached unto the heaven, and the sight thereof to all the earth; (Dan 4:20)
- Now I Nebuchadnezzar praise and extol and honour the King of heaven, all whose works are truth, and his ways judgment: and those that walk in pride he is able to abase. (Dan 4:37)
- And for the majesty that he gave him, all people, nations, and languages, trembled and feared before him: whom he would he slew; and whom he would he kept alive; and whom he would he set up; and whom he would he put down. But when his heart was lifted up, and his mind hardened in pride, he was deposed from his kingly throne, and they took his glory from him: (Dan 5:19-20)
- But hast lifted up thyself against the Lord of heaven; and they have brought the vessels of his house before thee, and thou, and thy lords, thy wives, and thy concubines, have drunk wine in them; and thou hast praised the gods of silver, and gold, of brass, iron, wood, and stone, which see not, nor hear, nor know: and the God in whose hand thy breath is, and whose are all thy ways, hast thou not glorified: (Dan 5:23)
Saul as a tall person
- And he had a son, whose name was Saul, a choice young man, and a goodly: and there was not among the children of Israel a goodlier person than he: from his shoulders and upward he was higher than any of the people. (1Sa 9:2)
- And they ran and fetched him thence: and when he stood among the people, he was higher than any of the people from his shoulders and upward. (1Sa 10:23)
David not tall:
- But the LORD said unto Samuel, Look not on his countenance, or on the height of his stature; because I have refused him: for the LORD seeth not as man seeth; for man looketh on the outward appearance, but the LORD looketh on the heart. (1Sa 16:7)
  - ‘His countenance, r on his height’ – refers to Eliab (see 1 Sam 16:6), David’s eldest brother. Who later was angry at David (1 Sam 7:28, 1 Sam 7:13)
- Goliath was tall:
  - And there went out a champion out of the camp of the Philistines, named Goliath, of Gath, whose height was six cubits and a span. (1Sa 17:4)
- Og, King of Bashan (Amorites):
  - For only Og king of Bashan remained of the remnant of giants; behold, his bedstead was a bedstead of iron; is it not in Rabbath of the children of Ammon? nine cubits was the length thereof, and four cubits the breadth of it, after the cubit of a man. (Deu 3:11)
  - Yet destroyed I the Amorite before them, whose height was like the height of the cedars, and he was strong as the oaks; yet I destroyed his fruit from above, and his roots from beneath. (Amo 2:9)
- Benaiah, one of David’s Mighty men killed a tall Egyptian:
  - Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, the son of a valiant man of Kabzeel, who had done many acts; he slew two lionlike men of Moab: also he went down and slew a lion in a pit in a snowy day. And he slew an Egyptian, a man of great stature, five cubits high; and in the Egyptian’s hand was a spear like a weaver’s beam; and he went down to him with a staff, and plucked the spear out of the Egyptian’s hand, and slew him with his own spear. (1Ch 11:22-23)
    - 5 cubits high – about 7 ½ feet
  - Zacchaeus:
    - And, behold, there was a man named Zacchaeus, which was the chief among the publicans, and he was rich. And he sought to see Jesus who he was; and could not for the press, because he was little of stature. (Luk 19:2-3)

Height (Heb: gabahh / gobahh / gabohha – literally, soar, lofty – used symbolically of pride, haughty, etc. – only God is high) – see various examples in Hebrew words (H1361-H1365) below:

But the LORD said unto Samuel, Look not on his countenance, or on the height of his stature; because I have refused him: for the LORD seeth not as man seeth; for man looketh on the outward appearance, but the LORD looketh on the heart. (1Sa 16:7)
And they ran and fetched him thence: and when he stood among the people, he was higher than any of the people from his shoulders and upward. (1Sa 10:23)
And there went out a champion out of the camp of the Philistines, named Goliath, of Gath, whose height was six cubits and a span. (1Sa 17:4)
Yet destroyed I the Amorite before them, whose height was like the height of the cedars, and he was strong as the oaks; yet I destroyed his fruit from above, and his roots from beneath. (Amo 2:9)

H1361 (Heb: gabahh – literally, soar, lofty):

And they ran and fetched him thence: and when he stood among the people, he was higher than any of the people from his shoulders and upward. (1Sa 10:23. See also 1 Sam 9:23 – H1364)
And his heart was lifted up in the ways of the LORD: moreover he took away the high places and groves out of Judah. (2Ch 17:6)
But when he was strong, his heart was lifted up to his destruction: for he transgressed against the LORD his God, and went into the temple of the LORD to burn incense upon the altar of incense. (2Ch 26:16)
But Hezekiah rendered not again according to the benefit done unto him; for his heart was lifted up: therefore there was wrath upon him, and upon Judah and Jerusalem. (2Ch 32:25)
Now after this he built a wall without the city of David, on the west side of Gihon, in the valley, even to the entering in at the fish gate, and compassed about Ophel, and raised it up a very great height, and put captains of war in all the fenced cities of Judah. (2Ch 33:14)
Yet man is born unto trouble, as the sparks fly upward. (Job 5:7)
Look unto the heavens, and see; and behold the clouds which are higher than thou. (Job 35:5)
He withdraweth not his eyes from the righteous: but with kings are they on the throne; yea, he doth establish them forever, and they are exalted. (Job 36:7)
Doth the eagle mount up at thy command, and make her nest on high? (Job 39:27)
For as the heaven is high above the earth, so great is his mercy toward them that fear him. (Psa 103:11)
Who is like unto the LORD our God, who dwelleth on high, (Psa 113:5)
A Song of degrees of David. LORD, my heart is not haughty, nor mine eyes lofty: neither do I exercise myself in great matters, or in things too high for me. (Psa 131:1)
He loveth transgression that loveth strife: and he that exalteth his gate seeketh destruction. (Pro 17:19)
Before destruction the heart of man is haughty, and before honour is (Pro 18:12)
Moreover the LORD saith, Because the daughters of Zion are haughty, and walk with stretched forth necks and wanton eyes, walking and mincing as they go, and making a tinkling with their feet: (Isa 3:16)
But the LORD of hosts shall be exalted in judgment, and God that is holy shall be sanctified in righteousness. (Isa 5:16)
Ask thee a sign of the LORD thy God; ask it either in the depth, or in the height above. (Isa 7:11)
Behold, my servant shall deal prudently, he shall be exalted and extolled, and be very high. (Isa 52:13)
For as the heavens are higher than the earth, so are my ways higher than your ways, and my thoughts than your thoughts. (Isa 55:9)
Hear ye, and give ear; be not proud: for the LORD hath spoken. (Jer 13:15)
Thy terribleness hath deceived thee, and the pride of thine heart, O thou that dwellest in the clefts of the rock, that holdest the height of the hill: though thou shouldest make thy nest as high as the eagle, I will bring thee down from thence, saith the LORD. (Jer 49:16)
And they were haughty, and committed abomination before me: therefore I took them away as I saw (Eze 16:50)
And all the trees of the field shall know that I the LORD have brought down the high tree, have exalted the low tree, have dried up the green tree, and have made the dry tree to flourish: I the LORD have spoken and have done (Eze 17:24)
And she had strong rods for the sceptres of them that bare rule, and her stature was exalted among the thick branches, and she appeared in her height with the multitude of her branches. (Eze 19:11)
Thus saith the Lord GOD; Remove the diadem, and take off the crown: this shall not be the same: exalt him that is low, and abase him that is (Eze 21:26)
Son of man, say unto the prince of Tyrus, Thus saith the Lord GOD; Because thine heart is lifted up, and thou hast said, I am a God, I sit in the seat of God, in the midst of the seas; yet thou art a man, and not God, though thou set thine heart as the heart of God: (Eze 28:2)
By thy great wisdom and by thy traffick hast thou increased thy riches, and thine heart is lifted up because of thy riches: (Eze 28:5)
Thine heart was lifted up because of thy beauty, thou hast corrupted thy wisdom by reason of thy brightness: I will cast thee to the ground, I will lay thee before kings, that they may behold thee. (Eze 28:17)
Therefore his height was exalted above all the trees of the field, and his boughs were multiplied, and his branches became long because of the multitude of waters, when he shot forth. (Eze 31:5)
Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; Because thou hast lifted up thyself in height, and he hath shot up his top among the thick boughs, and his heart is lifted up in his height; (Eze 31:10)
To the end that none of all the trees by the waters exalt themselves for their height, neither shoot up their top among the thick boughs, neither their trees stand up in their height, all that drink water: for they are all delivered unto death, to the nether parts of the earth, in the midst of the children of men, with them that go down to the pit. (Eze 31:14)
Though thou exalt thyself as the eagle, and though thou set thy nest among the stars, thence will I bring thee down, saith the LORD. (Oba 1:4)
In that day shalt thou not be ashamed for all thy doings, wherein thou hast transgressed against me: for then I will take away out of the midst of thee them that rejoice in thy pride, and thou shalt no more be haughty because of my holy mountain. (Zep 3:11)

H1362:

Whoso privily slandereth his neighbour, him will I cut off: him that hath an high look and a proud heart will not I suffer. (Psa 101:5)
Every one that is proud in heart is an abomination to the LORD: though hand join in hand, he shall not be unpunished. (Pro 16:5)
Better is the end of a thing than the beginning thereof: and the patient in spirit is better than the proud in spirit. (Ecc 7:8)
Behold, the Assyrian was a cedar in Lebanon with fair branches, and with a shadowing shroud, and of an high stature; and his top was among the thick boughs. (Eze 31:3)

H1363:

And there went out a champion out of the camp of the Philistines, named Goliath, of Gath, whose height was six cubits and a span. (1Sa 17:4)
And the porch that was in the front of the house, the length of it was according to the breadth of the house, twenty cubits, and the height was an hundred and twenty: and he overlaid it within with pure gold. (2Ch 3:4)
Notwithstanding Hezekiah humbled himself for the pride of his heart, both he and the inhabitants of Jerusalem, so that the wrath of the LORD came not upon them in the days of Hezekiah. (2Ch 32:26)
It is as high as heaven; what canst thou do? deeper than hell; what canst thou know? (Job 11:8)
Is not God in the height of heaven? and behold the height of the stars, how high they are! (Job 22:12)
Deck thyself now with majesty and excellency; and array thyself with glory and beauty. (Job 40:10)
The wicked, through the pride of his countenance, will not seek after God: God is not in all his thoughts. (Psa 10:4)
Pride goeth before destruction, and an haughty spirit before a fall. (Pro 16:18)
We have heard the pride of Moab, (he is exceeding proud) his loftiness, and his arrogancy, and his pride, and the haughtiness of his heart. (Jer 48:29)
As for their rings, they were so high that they were dreadful; and their rings were full of eyes round about them four. (Eze 1:18)
And she had strong rods for the sceptres of them that bare rule, and her stature was exalted among the thick branches, and she appeared in her height with the multitude of her branches. (Eze 19:11)
Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; Because thou hast lifted up thyself in height, and he hath shot up his top among the thick boughs, and his heart is lifted up in his height; (Eze 31:10)
To the end that none of all the trees by the waters exalt themselves for their height, neither shoot up their top among the thick boughs, neither their trees stand up in their height, all that drink water: for they are all delivered unto death, to the nether parts of the earth, in the midst of the children of men, with them that go down to the pit. (Eze 31:14)
And the four tables were of hewn stone for the burnt offering, of a cubit and an half long, and a cubit and an half broad, and one cubit high: whereupon also they laid the instruments wherewith they slew the burnt offering and the sacrifice. (Eze 40:42)
I saw also the height of the house round about: the foundations of the side chambers were a full reed of six great cubits. (Eze 41:8)
Yet destroyed I the Amorite before them, whose height was like the height of the cedars, and he was strong as the oaks; yet I destroyed his fruit from above, and his roots from beneath. (Amo 2:9)

H1364:

And the waters prevailed exceedingly upon the earth; and all the high hills, that were under the whole heaven, were covered. (Gen 7:19)
All these cities were fenced with high walls, gates, and bars; beside unwalled towns a great many. (Deu 3:5)
And he shall besiege thee in all thy gates, until thy high and fenced walls come down, wherein thou trustedst, throughout all thy land: and he shall besiege thee in all thy gates throughout all thy land, which the LORD thy God hath given thee. (Deu 28:52)
Talk no more so exceeding proudly; let not arrogancy come out of your mouth: for the LORD is a God of knowledge, and by him actions are weighed. (1Sa 2:3)
And he had a son, whose name was Saul, a choice young man, and a goodly: and there was not among the children of Israel a goodlier person than he: from his shoulders and upward he was higher than any of the people. (1Sa 9:2, see also 1 Sam 10:23)
But the LORD said unto Samuel, Look not on his countenance, or on the height of his stature; because I have refused him: for the LORD seeth not as man seeth; for man looketh on the outward appearance, but the LORD looketh on the heart. (1Sa 16:7)
For they also built them high places, and images, and groves, on every high hill, and under every green tree. (1Ki 14:23)
And they set them up images and groves in every high hill, and under every green tree: (2Ki 17:10)
Then said Zeresh his wife and all his friends unto him, Let a gallows be made of fifty cubits high, and tomorrow speak thou unto the king that Mordecai may be hanged thereon: then go thou in merrily with the king unto the banquet. And the thing pleased Haman; and he caused the gallows to be made. (Est 5:14)
And Harbonah, one of the chamberlains, said before the king, Behold also, the gallows fifty cubits high, which Haman had made for Mordecai, who had spoken good for the king, standeth in the house of Haman. Then the king said, Hang him thereon. (Est 7:9)
He beholdeth all high things: he is a king over all the children of pride. (Job 41:34)
The high hills are a refuge for the wild goats; and the rocks for the conies. (Psa 104:18)
Though the LORD be high, yet hath he respect unto the lowly: but the proud he knoweth afar off. (Psa 138:6)
If thou seest the oppression of the poor, and violent perverting of judgment and justice in a province, marvel not at the matter: for he that is higher than the highest regardeth; and there be higher than they. (Ecc 5:8)
Also when they shall be afraid of that which is high, and fears shall be in the way, and the almond tree shall flourish, and the grasshopper shall be a burden, and desire shall fail: because man goeth to his long home, and the mourners go about the streets: (Ecc 12:5)
And upon every high tower, and upon every fenced wall, (Isa 2:15)
And the mean man shall be brought down, and the mighty man shall be humbled, and the eyes of the lofty shall be humbled: (Isa 5:15)
Behold, the Lord, the LORD of hosts, shall lop the bough with terror: and the high ones of stature shall be hewn down, and the haughty shall be humbled. (Isa 10:33)
And there shall be upon every high mountain, and upon every high hill, rivers and streams of waters in the day of the great slaughter, when the towers fall. (Isa 30:25)
Zion, that bringest good tidings, get thee up into the high mountain; O Jerusalem, that bringest good tidings, lift up thy voice with strength; lift it up, be not afraid; say unto the cities of Judah, Behold your God! (Isa 40:9)
Upon a lofty and high mountain hast thou set thy bed: even thither wentest thou up to offer sacrifice. (Isa 57:7)
For of old time I have broken thy yoke, and burst thy bands; and thou saidst, I will not transgress; when upon every high hill and under every green tree thou wanderest, playing the harlot. (Jer 2:20)
The LORD said also unto me in the days of Josiah the king, Hast thou seen that which backsliding Israel hath done? she is gone up upon every high mountain and under every green tree, and there hath played the harlot. (Jer 3:6)
Whilst their children remember their altars and their groves by the green trees upon the high hills. (Jer 17:2)
Thus saith the LORD of hosts; The broad walls of Babylon shall be utterly broken, and her high gates shall be burned with fire; and the people shall labour in vain, and the folk in the fire, and they shall be weary. (Jer 51:58)
Thus saith the Lord GOD; I will also take of the highest branch of the high cedar, and will set it; I will crop off from the top of his young twigs a tender one, and will plant it upon an high mountain and eminent: (Eze 17:22)
And all the trees of the field shall know that I the LORD have brought down the high tree, have exalted the low tree, have dried up the green tree, and have made the dry tree to flourish: I the LORD have spoken and have done (Eze 17:24)
Thus saith the Lord GOD; Remove the diadem, and take off the crown: this shall not be the same: exalt him that is low, and abase him that is (Eze 21:26)
In the visions of God brought he me into the land of Israel, and set me upon a very high mountain, by which was as the frame of a city on the south. (Eze 40:2)
The altar of wood was three cubits high, and the length thereof two cubits; and the corners thereof, and the length thereof, and the walls thereof, were of wood: and he said unto me, This is the table that is before the LORD. (Eze 41:22)
Then I lifted up mine eyes, and saw, and, behold, there stood before the river a ram which had two horns: and the two horns were high; but one was higher than the other, and the higher came up last. (Dan 8:3)
A day of the trumpet and alarm against the fenced cities, and against the high towers. (Zep 1:16)

H1365:

The lofty looks of man shall be humbled, and the haughtiness of men shall be bowed down, and the LORD alone shall be exalted in that day. (Isa 2:11)
And the loftiness of man shall be bowed down, and the haughtiness of men shall be made low: and the LORD alone shall be exalted in that day. (Isa 2:17)

Throughout the Bible (Old and New Testaments), to be high or lofty is also a symbolic reference of being prideful. The word translated pride in many cases is the same word translated elsewhere as high or lofty. Similarly, the words translated as humble usually refer to being in a low place. As those who wished to build the Tower of Babel, so too are the proud:

Bible passages regarding pride being a ‘high place’:

Uzziah’s heart lifted up in pride – 2 Chr 26:16
Hezekiah’s heart was lifted up, but he humbled himself – 2 Chr 32:25-26
Pharoah (as a high cedar tree_ lifted up in pride – Eze 31:3, 5, 10
David’s heart not haughty, nor his eyes lofty, he did not exercise himself in things too high for him – Ps 131:1
Before destruction, the heart of man is haughty (high) – Pr 18:12
Daughters of Zion haughty (high) – Is 3:16
Sodom had pride, fullness of bread, idleness, they were haughty (high) and committed abomination – Eze 16:49-50
God’s people to no more be haughty – Zeph 3:11
Edom prideful; made nest as high as the eagle – Jer 49:16 (Job 39:27)
They who have a high look and a proud heart will be cut off – Ps 1-1:5
Everyone proud (high) in heart is an abomination to the Lord – Pr 16:5
The patient in spirit is better than the proud (High) in spirit – Ecc 7:8
The wicked through pride (high) do not seek God – Ps 10:4
Pride goes before destruction and a haughty (high) spirit before a fall – Pro 16:18
Eyes of the lofty shall be humbled – Isa 5:15, Isa 10:33
Loftiness of a man shall be bowed down and haughtiness made low – Isa 2:11
People will say their hand is high and God has not done all – Deut 32:27
The lofty looks of man shall be humbled and the haughtiness of men shall be bowed down – Isa 2:11, Isa 2:17
Moab was haughty – Jer 48:29
A high look and a proud heart…is sin – Pro 21:4
Belshazzar’s heart lifted up in pride – Dan 5:19-23

Humility is often compared to pride as being lowly:

A man’s pride shall bring him low – Pro 29:23
Better to be of a humble spirit with the lowly, than to divide the spoil with the proud – Pro 16:19
When pride comes, there comes shame. But, with the lowly is wisdom – Pro 11:2
The Lord has put down the mighty from seats and exalted them of low degree – Lk 1:52
O thou Capernaum, which are exalted un to heaven shall be brought down to hell – Mat 11:23 (see also Lk 10:15)
Parables of Pharisee and Tax Collector and Wedding Feast – Everyone that exalts himself will be abased, and everyone that humbles himself will be exalted – Lk 18:14, Lk 14:11 (se also Mat 23:12)
Serving the Lord with all humility of mind – Acts 20:19
Be clothed with humility (lowly in mind), for God resists the proud and gives grace to the humble…humble yourself…that He may exalt you in due time – 1 Pet 5:5-6 (see also James 4:6)
Let nothing be done through strife or vainglory, but in lowliness of mind let each esteem the other better than themselves – Phil 2:3
And being found in fashion as a man, He humbled himself (lowly mind) and became obedient unto death, even death on a cross. Wherefore God has highly exalted Him… – Phil 2:8-9
Put on humbleness (lowly) of mind – Col 3:12
Mind not high things, but condescend t men of low estate – Ro 12:16
Let the brother of low degree rejoice in that is exalted…but the rich who is made low – James 1:9-10
God comforts those who are cast down – 2 Cor 7:6
Take my yoke upon you, for I am lowly and meek – Mat 11:29

David and Goliath

Goliath in the Bible (6 occurrences)

And there went out a champion out of the camp of the Philistines, named Goliath, of Gath, whose height was six cubits and a span. (1Sa 17:4)
And as he talked with them, behold, there came up the champion, the Philistine of Gath, Goliath by name, out of the armies of the Philistines, and spake according to the same words: and David heard them. (1Sa 17:23)
And the priest said, The sword of Goliath the Philistine, whom thou slewest in the valley of Elah, behold, it is here wrapped in a cloth behind the ephod: if thou wilt take that, take it: for there is no other save that here. And David said, There is none like that; give it me. (1Sa 21:9)
And he enquired of the LORD for him, and gave him victuals, and gave him the sword of Goliath the Philistine. (1Sa 22:10)
And there was again a battle in Gob with the Philistines, where Elhanan the son of Jaareoregim, a Bethlehemite, slew the brother of Goliath the Gittite, the staff of whose spear was like a weaver’s beam. (2Sa 21:19)
And there was war again with the Philistines; and Elhanan the son of Jair slew Lahmi the brother of Goliath the Gittite, whose spear staff was like a weaver’s beam. (1Ch 20:5)
The words of Goliath:
- And he stood and cried unto the armies of Israel, and said unto them, Why are ye come out to set your battle in array? am not I a Philistine, and ye servants to Saul? choose you a man for you, and let him come down to me. If he be able to fight with me, and to kill me, then will we be your servants: but if I prevail against him, and kill him, then shall ye be our servants, and serve us. And the Philistine said, I defy the armies of Israel this day; give me a man, that we may fight together. (1Sa 17:8-10)
- And the Philistine said unto David, Am I a dog, that thou comest to me with staves? And the Philistine cursed David by his gods. And the Philistine said to David, Come to me, and I will give thy flesh unto the fowls of the air, and to the beasts of the field. (1Sa 17:43-44)

Satan – Type of Satan (Devil)

Satan – literally means ‘adversary’ – 69 occurrences in Bible
- Old Testament (H7853, H7854, literally – an adversary), 33 occurrences
- New Testament (G4567, transliteration of Hebrew word, Satan – an adversary), 36 occurrences
The Devil is our Enemy:
- But while men slept, his enemy came and sowed tares among the wheat … The enemy that sowed them is the devil; the harvest is the end of the world … (Mat 13:25, 39)
Paul to Elymas the Sorcerer:

But Elymas the sorcerer … withstood them, seeking to turn away the deputy from the faith. Then Saul, (who also is called Paul,) … said, O full of all subtlety and all mischief, thou child of the devil, you enemy of all righteousness, wilt thou not cease to pervert the right ways of the Lord? (Act 13:8-10)

Goliath Despised David

And when the Philistine looked about, and saw David, he disdained him: for he was but a youth, and ruddy, and of a fair countenance. (1Sa 17:42)
Disdained – Heb: bazah (H959), 42 occurrences – see also H960 (bazoh) – 1 occurrence – Isa 49:7
- Literally, despise, disdain, find contemptible (not worthy of respect), disesteem, reject

And he said, It is a light thing that thou shouldest be my servant to raise up the tribes of Jacob, and to restore the preserved of Israel: I will also give thee for a light to the Gentiles, that thou mayest be my salvation unto the end of the earth. Thus saith the LORD, the Redeemer of Israel, and his Holy One, to him whom man despiseth, to him whom the nation abhorreth, to a servant of rulers, Kings shall see and arise, princes also shall worship, because of the LORD that is faithful, and the Holy One of Israel, and he shall choose thee. (Isa 49:6-7)
He is despised and rejected of men; a man of sorrows, and acquainted with grief: and we hid as it were our faces from him; he was despised, and we esteemed him not. (Isa 53:3)
I am small and despised: yet do not I forget thy precepts. (Psa 119:141)
He that walketh in his uprightness feareth the LORD: but he that is perverse in his ways despiseth him. (Pro 14:2)
He that keepeth the commandment keepeth his own soul; but he that despiseth his ways shall die. (Pro 19:16)
To the chief Musician upon Aijeleth Shahar, A Psalm of David. My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me? … But I am a worm, and no man; a reproach of men, and despised of the people. All they that see me laugh me to scorn: they shoot out the lip, they shake the head, saying, He trusted on the LORD that he would deliver him: let him deliver him, seeing he delighted in him. (Psa 22:1,6-8)
A son honoureth his father, and a servant his master: if then I be a father, where is mine honour? and if I be a master, where is my fear? saith the LORD of hosts unto you, O priests, that despise my name. And ye say, Wherein have we despised thy name? Ye offer polluted bread upon mine altar; and ye say, Wherein have we polluted thee? In that ye say, The table of the LORD is contemptible. (Mal 1:6-7)
Wherefore the LORD God of Israel saith, I said indeed that thy house, and the house of thy father, should walk before me for ever: but now the LORD saith, Be it far from me; for them that honour me I will honour, and they that despise me shall be lightly esteemed. (1Sa 2:30)
For thus saith the Lord GOD; I will even deal with thee as thou hast done, which hast despised the oath in breaking the covenant. (Eze 16:59)
Thou hast despised mine holy things, and hast profaned my sabbaths. (Eze 22:8)
But they mocked the messengers of God, and despised his words, and misused his prophets, until the wrath of the LORD arose against his people, till there was no remedy. (2Ch 36:16)
Because he hath despised the word of the LORD, and hath broken his commandment, that soul shall utterly be cut off; his iniquity shall be upon him. (Num 15:31)
Then Jacob gave Esau bread and pottage of lentiles; and he did eat and drink, and rose up, and went his way: thus Esau despised his birthright. (Gen 25:34)
And as the ark of the LORD came into the city of David, Michal Saul’s daughter looked through a window, and saw king David leaping and dancing before the LORD; and she despised him in her heart. (2Sa 6:16)

Despised – New Testament
G1847(Gr: exodenoo) / G1848 (Gr: exoutheneo) – literally, out as nothing
- And he answered and told them, Elias verily cometh first, and restoreth all things; and how it is written of the Son of man, that he must suffer many things, and be set at nought. But I say unto you, That Elias is indeed come, and they have done unto him whatsoever they listed, as it is written of him. (Mar 9:12-13)
- And he spake this parable unto certain which trusted in themselves that they were righteous, and despised others: (Luk 18:9)
- And Herod with his men of war set him at nought, and mocked him, and arrayed him in a gorgeous robe, and sent him again to Pilate. (Luk 23:11)
- This is the stone which was set at nought of you builders, which is become the head of the corner. (Act 4:11)
- Let not him that eateth despise him that eateth not; and let not him which eateth not judge him that eateth: for God hath received him. (Rom 14:3)
- But why dost thou judge thy brother? or why dost thou set at nought thy brother? for we shall all stand before the judgment seat of Christ. (Rom 14:10)
- And base things of the world, and things which are despised, hath God chosen, yea, and things which are not, to bring to nought things that are: (1Co 1:28)
- If then ye have judgments of things pertaining to this life, set them to judge who are least esteemed in the church. (1Co 6:4)
- Let no man therefore despise him: but conduct him forth in peace, that he may come unto me: for I look for him with the brethren. (1Co 16:11)
- For his letters, say they, are weighty and powerful; but his bodily presence is weak, and his speech contemptible. (2Co 10:10)
- And my temptation which was in my flesh ye despised not, nor rejected; but received me as an angel of God, even as Christ Jesus. (Gal 4:14)
- Despise not prophesyings. (1Th 5:20)
G114 – Gr: atheteo – literally, without place – reject, despise
- And the king was exceeding sorry; yet for his oath’s sake, and for their sakes which sat with him, he would not reject her. (Mar 6:26)
- And he said unto them, Full well ye reject the commandment of God, that ye may keep your own tradition. (Mar 7:9)
- But the Pharisees and lawyers rejected the counsel of God against themselves, being not baptized of him. (Luk 7:30)
- He that heareth you heareth me; and he that despiseth you despiseth me; and he that despiseth me despiseth him that sent me. (Luk 10:16)
- He that rejecteth me, and receiveth not my words, hath one that judgeth him: the word that I have spoken, the same shall judge him in the last day. (Joh 12:48)
- For it is written, I will destroy the wisdom of the wise, and will bring to nothing the understanding of the prudent. (1Co 1:19)
- I do not frustrate the grace of God: for if righteousness come by the law, then Christ is dead in vain. (Gal 2:21)
- Brethren, I speak after the manner of men; Though it be but a man’s covenant, yet if it be confirmed, no man disannulleth, or addeth thereto. (Gal 3:15)
- He therefore that despiseth, despiseth not man, but God, who hath also given unto us his holy Spirit. (1Th 4:8)
- Having damnation, because they have cast off their first faith. (1Ti 5:12)
- He that despised Moses’ law died without mercy under two or three witnesses: (Heb 10:28)
- Likewise also these filthy dreamers defile the flesh, despise dominion, and speak evil of dignities. (Jud 1:8)
G2706 (Gr: kataphroneo) / G2707 – literally to think down upon
- Behold, ye despisers, and wonder, and perish: for I work a work in your days, a work which ye shall in no wise believe, though a man declare it unto you. (Act 13:41)
- No man can serve two masters: for either he will hate the one, and love the other; or else he will hold to the one, and despise the other. Ye cannot serve God and mammon. (Mat 6:24)
- Take heed that ye despise not one of these little ones; for I say unto you, That in heaven their angels do always behold the face of my Father which is in heaven. (Mat 18:10)
- No servant can serve two masters: for either he will hate the one, and love the other; or else he will hold to the one, and despise the other. Ye cannot serve God and mammon. (Luk 16:13)
- Or despisest thou the riches of his goodness and forbearance and longsuffering; not knowing that the goodness of God leadeth thee to repentance? (Rom 2:4)
- What? have ye not houses to eat and to drink in? or despise ye the church of God, and shame them that have not? What shall I say to you? shall I praise you in this? I praise you (1Co 11:22)
- Let no man despise thy youth; but be thou an example of the believers, in word, in conversation, in charity, in spirit, in faith, in purity. (1Ti 4:12)
- And they that have believing masters, let them not despise them, because they are brethren; but rather do them service, because they are faithful and beloved, partakers of the benefit. These things teach and exhort. (1Ti 6:2)
- Looking unto Jesus the author and finisher of our faith; who for the joy that was set before him endured the cross, despising the shame, and is set down at the right hand of the throne of God. (Heb 12:2)
- But chiefly them that walk after the flesh in the lust of uncleanness, and despise government. Presumptuous are they, selfwilled, they are not afraid to speak evil of dignities. (2Pe 2:10)

Youth

Youth – Hebrew: na’ar (239 occurrences)
- Young man – 94 occurrences
  - Can include those who are not considered as ‘old’ – e.g., ‘young and old’ – Gen 19:4, Isa 20:4, Jer 51:22, Lam 2:21, Josh 6:21, Est 3:13, Psa 37:25, Psa 148:12, Gen 19:4, Gen 37:2, Exo 10:9, Deut 28:50,
- Child / lad – 83 occurrences
- Servant – 53 occurrences
Symbolic of Jesus Christ as an incarnate Son

When Israel was a child, then I loved him, and called my son out of Egypt. (Hos 11:1)
Then said I, Ah, Lord GOD! behold, I cannot speak: for I am a child. But the LORD said unto me, Say not, I am a child: for thou shalt go to all that I shall send thee, and whatsoever I command thee thou shalt speak. (Jer 1:6-7)
The wolf also shall dwell with the lamb, and the leopard shall lie down with the kid; and the calf and the young lion and the fatling together; and a little child shall lead them. (Isa 11:6)
Therefore the Lord himself shall give you a sign; Behold, a virgin shall conceive, and bear a son, and shall call his name Immanuel. Butter and honey shall he eat, that he may know to refuse the evil, and choose the good. For before the child shall know to refuse the evil, and choose the good, the land that thou abhorrest shall be forsaken of both her kings. (Isa 7:14-16)
These are the generations of Jacob. Joseph, being seventeen years old, was feeding the flock with his brethren; and the lad was with the sons of Bilhah, and with the sons of Zilpah, his father’s wives: and Joseph brought unto his father their evil report. (Gen 37:2)

Jesus as the Lamb of God (young sheep)
Lamb – New Testament
- Lamb – points to sacrifice – Rev 5:9, Rev 5:12, Rev 6:16, Rev 7:9-17, Rev 12:11, Rev 13:8, rev 17:14, Rev 21:23, Rev 22:1-3, Is 53:7-8, John 1:29, John 1:36, Acts 8:32, 1 Pet 1:19-20
- Lamb – G286, Gr: amnos – 4 occurrences (all refer to Christ)
  - John 1:29, John 1:36 – Behold, the Lamb of God
  - Acts 8:32 – As a lamb, dumb before his shearer (see also G4263)
  - 1 Pet 1:19 – Christ, a Lamb without spot or blemish
- Small Lamb – G721, Gr: arnion – 30 occurrences
  - 28 occurrences in Revelation as Jesus Christ – Rev 5:6, Rev 5:8, Rev 5:12-13 (2), Rev 6:1, Rev 6:16, Rev 7:9-10 (2), Rev 7:14, Rev 7:17, Rev 12:11, Rev 13:8, Rev 14:1, Rev 14:4 (2), Rev 14:10, Rev 15:3, Rev 17:14 (2), Rev 19:7, Rev 19:9, Rev 21:9, Rev 21:14, Rev 21:22-23 (2), Rev 21:27, Rev 22:1, Rev 22:3
  - 1 occurrence in Revelation as the False Prophet – Rev 13:11
  - 1 occurrence in John 21:15 – refers to Christians
- Lamb – Old Testament
  - Lamb H3532, Heb: kebes, literally lamb or sheep – 107 occurrences
    - Sacrifice of the 1^st year – Num
  - Young goat or sheep (Kid / lamb) – H7716, Heb: seh, literally, a member of a flock – 47 occurrences
    - Isa 57:3 – quoted in Acts 8:32, lamb for the slaughter
  - Flock of sheep or goats – H6629, Heb: tson, literally a flock of cattle, sheep or goats – 274 occurrences
    - Passover
  - Lamb (small sheep) – H3775 / H3776, Heb: keseb – 3 occurrences
  - Lamb – H2924 / H2922, Heb: tela, taleh – 3 occurrences

Ruddy (Red)

Red – Greek: purrhos (G4450, literally – red like fire) – 2 occurrences – Rev 6:4, Rev 12:3 (the color of Satan, the Dragon)
Also, G4449 – to redden – 2 occurrences – the sky is red – Mat 16:2-3
- Mat 25:41 – everlasting fire prepared for the devil and his angels (fire from Greek: pur – G4442)
- Red – identified with Satan – Red 6:4, Rev 12:3, Rev 12:12, Is 63:2-3, Nah 2:3 (blood/killing/Satan)
Red – Heb: adam (H119, 10 occurrences) and Heb: H122 (adom, 8 occurrences)
- Red horses – Zech 1:8, Zech 6:1-8
- Shield of mighty men made red – Nahum 2:3
- Jesus Christ’s garments red – Is 63:2
- Sins are red – Is 1:18
- Do not look at wine when it is red – Pr 23:31
- The cup of the Lord – its wine is red – Ps 75:8
- Water red as blood (Moab) – 2 Ki 3:22
- Red heifer – Num 19:2
- Rams skins dyed red – Ex 39:34, Ex 36:19, Ex 35:23, Ex 35:7, Ex 26:14, Ex 25:5
- Esau asks for red pottage – Gen 25:30
- Red – sign of leprosy – Lev 13:19, Lev 13:24, Lev 13:42-49, Lev 14:37
- Nazirites – Lam 4:7
Ruddy – Heb: admoniy (H132) – 5 occurrences
- Ruddy – David – 1 Sam 16:12, 1 Sam 17:42
- The Beloved – Song 5:10
- Esau – red all over – Gen 25:25 (Edom)

The Blood is what contains the soul. The soul is that which is in connection with the creation (whether the present creation or the new heavens and the new earth in eternity. Reconciliation requires the shedding of blood. One is either reconciled to God by the blood of Jesus Christ (the pouring out of His soul for our sins) or if not, one’s blood will be required on Judgment Day. That is, the soul is shed (destroyed) on Judgment Day.

Life (soul) is in the blood ‑ Lev 17:11, Lev 17:14, Gen 9:4, Heb 9:22 (see Rev 1:5)
Blood – taking of the soul (life) in judgment
- Blood – judgment – Heb 9:22 (see notes on Rev 6:3-6, 6:3-4, Rev 6:12-17)
- Waters turned into blood – Ex 7:14-25
- Blood – Taking of life – Heb 9:7-25, Gen 9:4-6, Ex 30:10, Rev 14:20, Rev 16:3-6, Acts 20:26, Is 34:3-7, Is 59:3-7, Ps 79:10, Ps 94:21, Ps 105:29
- Blood is required due to sin – Heb 9:17-22, Lev 4:20, Lev 4:26, Lev 4:35, Lev 5:10, Lev 5:12, Lev 5:18, Lev 6:7, Lev 17:11
- Jesus as an example of suffering – Heb 12:3-4
- Blood of prophets found in Babylon (Satan’s kingdom) – Rev 18:24, Rev 16:6, 2 Ki 9:7, Mat 23:30, Lk 11:50
- Taking of life ‑ judgment ‑ Rev 14:20, 16:3:6, Acts 20:26, Is 34:3‑7, Is 59:3‑7, Ps 79:10, Ps 94:21, Ps 105:29, etc
- Blood of saints ‑ Rev 16:6, Rev 17:6, Rev 18:24
- Blood sprinkled – Ex. 12:7, Ex 24:8, Lev 4:6, Num 19:4, Heb 11:28, Heb 12:24; 1 Pet 1:2
- Innocent blood – Deut 19:10, 1 Sam 19:5 1 Ki 2:31, 2 Ki 21:16, Ps. 94:21, Is. 59:7, Lam. 4:13, Joel. 3:16, Jonah 1:14, Mt. 7:24
- Blood of Christ ‑ Heb 9:13‑14, Heb 9:18‑24, Heb 12:24, Rev 1:5, Rev 7:14, 1 Pet 1:2
- Blood from heaven (from Christ) – Heb 9:7-25, Heb 13:11-12, Heb 13:20, Eph 1:7, Eph 2:13, Col 1:14, Col 1:20
- Redeemed by blood (no remission of sin without shedding of blood) ‑ 1 Pet 1:17‑19, Rev 5:9, Col 1:14, John 6:48‑58, Eph 1:7, Heb 9:22
- Poured out His soul – Isa 53:10-12
- Christ’s soul in Hades – Acts 2:27, Ps 16:10
- Christ given Himself as an offering – Eph 5:2, Heb 7:27, Heb 9:14, Heb 9:25-6, Heb 10:6-12, Heb 13:10-12, 2 Cor 5:21, Ro 8:8
- Law requires blood for atonement – … and without shedding of blood is no remission. (Heb 9:22)
- The soul that sins shall die – Mat 10:28, Exe 18:20, Eze 18:4, Eze 18:13, Ro 6:23
- Lose life (i.e., soul) – Jud 18:25, Job 31:39, Mat 10:39, Mat 16:25, Mk 8:35, Lk 9:24, Lk 17:33, John 12:25
Jesus Christ’s Blood provides salvation
- Cleansed by blood ‑ Rev 7:14, Rev 22:14, Heb 9:14
- Sprinkled with His blood ‑ 1Pet 1:2, Heb 10:22, Heb 12:24, Heb 9:19
- Blood of Christ sanctifies ‑ Heb 13:12
- Redeemed by blood ‑ 1 Pet 1:17‑19, Rev 5:9, Col 1:14, John 6:48‑58, Eph 1:7, Heb 9:22
Blood of a dead man – judgment – Rev 1:5, Rev 5:9, etc
- Dead man – no more salvation is possible – no more fishers of men (Mat 4:19)
- Every living soul died – judgment on man and on whole world (2 Pet 3:8-13)
Blood to drink
- Blood points to judgment – Rev 1:5, Rev 5:9, etc.
- Drink – Isa 49:26
- Wine of the cup of wrath – see Rev 14:10, 1 Cor 11:29-30, John 18:11
- Wicked drink the cup of wine – Ps 75:8, Job 21:20
- God’s wrath – cup of wine – Rev 14:10, Rev 16:19, Rev 19:15, Joel 3:17, Is 63:3, Lam 1:15, Ps 75:8, Is 49:26, Is 51:17, Is 51:21-22, etc.
Commands to not drink blood / abstain from blood
- Do not consume flesh with the blood (soul) in it – Gen 9:4, Acts 15:20, Acts 15:29, Lev 17:11, Lev 17:14, Lev 17:26, Deut 12:16, Deut 12:23, Lev 3:17, 1 Sam 14:34
Lord’s Supper
- Eat the flesh and drink the blood of the son of man – John 6:53-57
- The Lord’s Supper – 1 Cor 11:17-34, Mat 26:26-29, 1 Cor 10:16-17, Mk 14:22-25, Lk 22:14-23

Sea of glass mixed with blood – Rev 15:2 (see also Rev 4:6)
Pilate mixed blood of Galileans with sacrifices – Lk 13:1
Upon men – 2 Sam 1:16, Jer 2:34, Luke 11:50; Acts 5:28, Acts 18:6
Old Testament sacrifices – typifies the blood of Christ:

- Sheltering – Exo 12:13
- Atoning – Exo 30:10, Lev 17:11
- Liberating – Zech 9:11
- Securing Pardon – Heb 9:7
- Cleansing – Heb 9:22

Liberating- Zech 9:11
Securing Pardon-Heb 9:7
Cleansing- Heb 9:22

Fair Countenance

Fair (H3303, Heb: yapheh – 41 0ccurrences, see also H3302, Heb: yaphah -8 occurrences)
- Thou art fairer than the children of men: grace is poured into thy lips: therefore God hath blessed thee for ever. Gird thy sword upon thy thigh, O most mighty, with thy glory and thy majesty. And in thy majesty ride prosperously because of truth and meekness and righteousness; and thy right hand shall teach thee terrible things. Thine arrows are sharp in the heart of the king’s enemies; whereby the people fall under thee. Thy throne, O God, is for ever and ever: the sceptre of thy kingdom is a right sceptre. Thou lovest righteousness, and hatest wickedness: therefore God, thy God, hath anointed thee with the oil of gladness above thy fellows. All thy garments smell of myrrh, and aloes, and cassia, out of the ivory palaces, whereby they have made thee glad. (Psa 45:2-8)
- And he left all that he had in Joseph’s hand; and he knew not ought he had, save the bread which he did eat. And Joseph was a goodly person, and well favoured. (Gen 39:6)
- Sarah – Gen 12:11, Gen 12:14
- Rachel – Gen 29:17
Countenance (H4758 – Heb mareh, literally, vision, appearance)
- For he shall grow up before him as a tender plant, and as a root out of a dry ground: he hath no form nor comeliness; and when we shall see him, there is no beauty that we should desire him. (Isa 53:2)
- As many were astonied at thee; his visage was so marred more than any man, and his form more than the sons of men: (Isa 52:14)
- And it came to pass, when I, even I Daniel, had seen the vision, and sought for the meaning, then, behold, there stood before me as the appearance of a man. (Dan 8:15)
- His body also was like the beryl, and his face as the appearance of lightning, and his eyes as lamps of fire, and his arms and his feet like in colour to polished brass, and the voice of his words like the voice of a multitude. (Dan 10:6)
- Then there came again and touched me one like the appearance of a man, and he strengthened me, (Dan 10:18)
- Also out of the midst thereof came the likeness of four living creatures. And this was their appearance; they had the likeness of a man. (Eze 1:5)
- But the LORD said unto Samuel, Look not on his countenance, or on the height of his stature; because I have refused him: for the LORD seeth not as man seeth; for man looketh on the outward appearance, but the LORD looketh on the heart. (1Sa 16:7)
- And he brought up Hadassah, that is, Esther, his uncle’s daughter: for she had neither father nor mother, and the maid was fair and beautiful; whom Mordecai, when her father and mother were dead, took for his own daughter. (Est 2:7)

David Glorifies God

And David spake to the men that stood by him, saying, What shall be done to the man that killeth this Philistine, and taketh away the reproach from Israel? for who is this uncircumcised Philistine, that he should defy the armies of the living God? (1Sa 17:26)
And David said, What have I now done? Is there not a cause? And he turned from him toward another, and spake after the same manner: and the people answered him again after the former manner. (1Sa 17:29-30)
David’s conversation with Saul:
And when the words were heard which David spake, they rehearsed them before Saul: and he sent for him. And David said to Saul, Let no man’s heart fail because of him; thy servant will go and fight with this Philistine. And Saul said to David, Thou art not able to go against this Philistine to fight with him: for thou art but a youth, and he a man of war from his youth. And David said unto Saul, Thy servant kept his father’s sheep, and there came a lion, and a bear, and took a lamb out of the flock: And I went out after him, and smote him, and delivered it out of his mouth: and when he arose against me, I caught him by his beard, and smote him, and slew him. Thy servant slew both the lion and the bear: and this uncircumcised Philistine shall be as one of them, seeing he hath defied the armies of the living God. David said moreover, The LORD that delivered me out of the paw of the lion, and out of the paw of the bear, he will deliver me out of the hand of this Philistine. And Saul said unto David, Go, and the LORD be with thee. And Saul armed David with his armour, and he put an helmet of brass upon his head; also he armed him with a coat of mail. And David girded his sword upon his armour, and he assayed to go; for he had not proved it. And David said unto Saul, I cannot go with these; for I have not proved them. And David put them off him. (1Sa 17:31-39)
Then said David to the Philistine, Thou comest to me with a sword, and with a spear, and with a shield: but I come to thee in the name of the LORD of hosts, the God of the armies of Israel, whom thou hast defied. This day will the LORD deliver thee into mine hand; and I will smite thee, and take thine head from thee; and I will give the carcases of the host of the Philistines this day unto the fowls of the air, and to the wild beasts of the earth; that all the earth may know that there is a God in Israel. And all this assembly shall know that the LORD saveth not with sword and spear: for the battle is the LORD’S, and he will give you into our hands. (1Sa 17:45-47)

Five Smooth Stones

David’s took his staff in his hand – 1 Sam 17:40, 1 Sam 17:43
Staff (Heb: maqqel, H4731) – 18 occurrences – Points to the faithfulness of God’s Word
- God to surely perform His will to Israel – Jer 1:11-12
- Israel ate Passover Lamb with staff in their hands – Exo 12:10-11
- Idolatrous Israel asks counsel of the staff – Hos 4:12
- Breaking staff (Beauty) as breaking God’s covenant – Zech 11:7, Zech 11:10, Zech 11:14
- Jacob piles staffs in front of mating herd – God’s will – Gen 30:37-41
- An implement of battle – Eze 39:9
- Balaam’s donkey opens mouth and proclaims Word to Balaam – Num 22:27-28
- Also – points to David as a Shepherd – 2 Sam 5:2, 1 Sam 16:11, 1 Sam 17:15, 1 Sam 17:28, 1 Chr 17:7, Psa 78:70-71
Symbolism of the Number 5
- Judgment of God – Mat 25:2-12, Lk 16:28, Rev 9:5, Ro 9:10, 1 Sam 17:40
- Salvation of God – Mat 25:2, Num 18:16, Mat 16:9, Mk 2:3
- Right hand / left hand
  - Right hand of blessing – Gen 48:13-14
  - Oil sprinkled with right hand – Lev 143:16, Lev 14:27
  - 5 lavers and candlesticks on right and on left – 2 Chr 4:6-7
  - Left hand –work, hides on the right hand – Job 23:9
  - Right hand – length of days, left hand riches and honor – Pr 3:16
  - Wise man’s heart at his right hand, fool’s heart on the left – Ecc 10:2
  - Samaria at left hand, Sodom at right hand – Eze 16:46
  - Bow in left hand, arrows in right hand – Eze 39:3
  - Held up right hand and left heaven to heaven and swore – 3 ½ times remain – Dan 12:7
  - Ninevites cannot discern between right hand and left hand – Jon 4:11
  - Sheep on the right hand, goats on the left – Mat 25:33
  - Two thieves crucified – one at right hand, one on left – Mat 27:38, Mk 15:27, Lk 23:33, Lk 23:23-49
  - Right foot on sea, left foot on earth – Rev 10:2
- 5 Months – a time of Elizabeth hiding with her reproach until Christ is conceived – Lk 1:24-25
- 5 months (150 days) – time that water prevailed upon the earth (Gen 7:24, Gen 8:3) until Ark rested on Mt. Ararat, see also Gen 7:11-12, Gen 8:4
  - Flood – universal judgment on world – Lk 17:26-27, Heb 11:7, 1 Pet 3:20, 2 Pet 2:5, Is 54:9
- 50, 500 – tied to forgiveness (salvation)
  - There was a certain creditor which had two debtors: the one owed five hundred pence, and the other fifty. And when they had nothing to pay, he frankly forgave them both. Tell me therefore, which of them will love him most? Simon answered and said, I suppose that he, to whom he forgave most. And he said unto him, you have rightly judged. (Luk 7:41-43)
- Smooth – H2512 (Heb: challuq, only occurrence)
And he took his staff in his hand, and chose him five smooth stones out of the brook, and put them in a shepherd’s bag which he had, even in a scrip; and his sling was in his hand: and he drew near to the Philistine. (1Sa 17:40)
- H2512 is based on the Hebrew root word (H2505) chalaq. This word literally means ‘smooth’. The cognates of the root word H2505 are words H2506, H2508, H2509, 2511, H2512, H2513 and H2515. These words are translated in various ways including an allotment, smooth, divide, lot, portion distribute and flatter. The vast majority of the approximately 170 occurrences of these words involve dividing / distributing a portion. The literal meaning ‘smooth’ is only used in limited cases.
Among the smooth stones of the stream is thy portion; they, they are thy lot: even to them hast thou poured a drink offering, thou hast offered a meat offering. Should I receive comfort in these? (Isa 57:6)
- Smooth – H2511 – this passage underscores that stones were used as a lot to divide portions (distribute).
H2506 occurrences:
Save only that which the young men have eaten, and the portion of the men which went with me, Aner, Eshcol, and Mamre; let them take their portion. (Gen 14:24)
And Rachel and Leah answered and said unto him, Is there yet any portion or inheritance for us in our father’s house? (Gen 31:14)
It shall not be baken with leaven. I have given it unto them for their portion of my offerings made by fire; it is most holy, as is the sin offering, and as the trespass offering. (Lev 6:17)
And the LORD spake unto Aaron, Thou shalt have no inheritance in their land, neither shalt thou have any part among them: I am thy part and thine inheritance among the children of Israel. (Num 18:20)
And the half, which was the portion of them that went out to war, was in number three hundred thousand and seven and thirty thousand and five hundred sheep: (Num 31:36)
Wherefore Levi hath no part nor inheritance with his brethren; the LORD is his inheritance, according as the LORD thy God promised him. (Deu 10:9)
And ye shall rejoice before the LORD your God, ye, and your sons, and your daughters, and your menservants, and your maidservants, and the Levite that is within your gates; forasmuch as he hath no part nor inheritance with you. (Deu 12:12)
And the Levite that is within thy gates; thou shalt not forsake him; for he hath no part nor inheritance with thee. (Deu 14:27)
And the Levite, (because he hath no part nor inheritance with thee,) and the stranger, and the fatherless, and the widow, which are within thy gates, shall come, and shall eat and be satisfied; that the LORD thy God may bless thee in all the work of thine hand which thou doest. (Deu 14:29)
The priests the Levites, and all the tribe of Levi, shall have no part nor inheritance with Israel: they shall eat the offerings of the LORD made by fire, and his inheritance. (Deu 18:1)
They shall have like portions to eat, beside that which cometh of the sale of his patrimony. (Deu 18:8)
For the LORD’S portion is his people; Jacob is the lot of his inheritance. (Deu 32:9)
For the children of Joseph were two tribes, Manasseh and Ephraim: therefore they gave no part unto the Levites in the land, save cities to dwell in, with their suburbs for their cattle and for their substance. (Jos 14:4)
And unto Caleb the son of Jephunneh he gave a part among the children of Judah, according to the commandment of the LORD to Joshua, even the city of Arba the father of Anak, which city is (Jos 15:13)
And they shall divide it into seven parts: Judah shall abide in their coast on the south, and the house of Joseph shall abide in their coasts on the north. (Jos 18:5)
Ye shall therefore describe the land into seven parts, and bring the description hither to me, that I may cast lots for you here before the LORD our God. (Jos 18:6)
But the Levites have no part among you; for the priesthood of the LORD is their inheritance: and Gad, and Reuben, and half the tribe of Manasseh, have received their inheritance beyond Jordan on the east, which Moses the servant of the LORD gave them. (Jos 18:7)
And the men went and passed through the land, and described it by cities into seven parts in a book, and came again to Joshua to the host at Shiloh. (Jos 18:9)
Out of the portion of the children of Judah was the inheritance of the children of Simeon: for the part of the children of Judah was too much for them: therefore the children of Simeon had their inheritance within the inheritance of them. (Jos 19:9)
For the LORD hath made Jordan a border between us and you, ye children of Reuben and children of Gad; ye have no part in the LORD: so shall your children make()our children cease from fearing the LORD. (Jos 22:25)
But that it may be a witness between us, and you, and our generations after us, that we might do the service of the LORD before him with our burnt offerings, and with our sacrifices, and with our peace offerings; that your children may not say to our children in time to come, Ye have no part in the LORD. (Jos 22:27)
For who will hearken unto you in this matter? but as his part is that goeth down to the battle, so shall his part be that tarrieth by the stuff: they shall part alike. (1Sa 30:24)
And there happened to be there a man of Belial, whose name was Sheba, the son of Bichri, a Benjamite: and he blew a trumpet, and said, We have no part in David, neither have we inheritance in the son of Jesse: every man to his tents, O Israel. (2Sa 20:1)
So when all Israel saw that the king hearkened not unto them, the people answered () the king, saying, What portion have we in David? neither have we inheritance in the son of Jesse: to your tents, O Israel: now see to thine own house, David. So Israel departed unto their tents. (1Ki 12:16)
And the dogs shall eat Jezebel in the portion of Jezreel, and there shall be none to bury And he opened the door, and fled. (2Ki 9:10)
Wherefore they came again, and told him. And he said, This is the word of the LORD, which he spake by his servant Elijah the Tishbite, saying, In the portion of Jezreel shall dogs eat the flesh of Jezebel: (2Ki 9:36)
And the carcase of Jezebel shall be as dung upon the face of the field in the portion of Jezreel; so that they shall not say, This is (2Ki 9:37)
And when all Israel saw that the king would not hearken unto them, the people answered the king, saying, What portion have we in David? and we have none inheritance in the son of Jesse: every man to your tents, O Israel: and now, David, see to thine own house. So all Israel went to their tents. (2Ch 10:16)
Then answered I them, and said unto them, The God of heaven, he will prosper us; therefore we his servants will arise and build: but ye have no portion, nor right, nor memorial, in Jerusalem. (Neh 2:20)
He that speaketh flattery to his friends, even the eyes of his children shall fail. (Job 17:5)
This is the portion of a wicked man from God, and the heritage appointed unto him by God. (Job 20:29)
This is the portion of a wicked man with God, and the heritage of oppressors, which they shall receive of the Almighty. (Job 27:13)
For what portion of God is there from above? and what inheritance of the Almighty from on high? (Job 31:2)
I said, I will answer also my part, I also will shew mine opinion. (Job 32:17)
The LORD is the portion of mine inheritance and of my cup: thou maintainest my lot. (Psa 16:5)
From men which are thy hand, O LORD, from men of the world, which have their portion in this life, and whose belly thou fillest with thy hid treasure: they are full of children, and leave the rest of their substance to their babes. (Psa 17:14)
When thou sawest a thief, then thou consentedst with him, and hast been partaker with adulterers. (Psa 50:18)
My flesh and my heart faileth: but God is the strength of my heart, and my portion for ever. (Psa 73:26)
Thou art my portion, O LORD: I have said that I would keep thy words. (Psa 119:57)
I cried unto thee, O LORD: I said, Thou art my refuge and my portion in the land of the living. (Psa 142:5)
With her much fair speech she caused him to yield, with the flattering
of her lips she forced him. (Pro 7:21)
And whatsoever mine eyes desired I kept not from them, I withheld not my heart from any joy; for my heart rejoiced in all my labour: and this was my portion of all my labour. (Ecc 2:10)
For there is a man whose labour is in wisdom, and in knowledge, and in equity; yet to a man that hath not laboured therein shall he leave it for his portion. This also is vanity and a great evil. (Ecc 2:21)
Wherefore I perceive that there is nothing better, than that a man should rejoice in his own works; for that is his portion: for who shall bring him to see what shall be after him? (Ecc 3:22)
Behold that which I have seen: it is good and comely for one to eat and to drink, and to enjoy the good of all his labour that he taketh under the sun all the days of his life, which God giveth him: for it is his portion. (Ecc 5:18)
Every man also to whom God hath given riches and wealth, and hath given him power to eat thereof, and to take his portion, and to rejoice in his labour; this is the gift of God. (Ecc 5:19)
Also their love, and their hatred, and their envy, is now perished; neither have they any more a portion for ever in any thing that is done under the sun. (Ecc 9:6)
Live joyfully with the wife whom thou lovest all the days of the life of thy vanity, which he hath given thee under the sun, all the days of thy vanity: for that is thy portion in this life, and in thy labour which thou takest under the sun. (Ecc 9:9)
Give a portion to seven, and also to eight; for thou knowest not what evil shall be upon the earth. (Ecc 11:2)
And behold at eveningtide trouble; and before the morning he is This is the portion of them that spoil us, and the lot of them that rob us. (Isa 17:14)
Among the smooth stones of the stream is thy portion; they, they are thy lot: even to them hast thou poured a drink offering, thou hast offered a meat offering. Should I receive comfort in these? (Isa 57:6)
For your shame ye shall have double; and for confusion they shall rejoice in their portion: therefore in their land they shall possess the double: everlasting joy shall be unto them. (Isa 61:7)
The portion of Jacob is not like them: for he is the former of all things; and Israel is the rod of his inheritance: The LORD of hosts is his name. (Jer 10:16)
The portion of Jacob is not like them; for he is the former of all things: and Israel is the rod of his inheritance: the LORD of hosts is his name. (Jer 51:19)
The LORD is my portion, saith my soul; therefore will I hope in him. (Lam 3:24)
And a portion shall be for the prince on the one side and on the other side of the oblation of the holy portion, and of the possession of the city, before the oblation of the holy portion, and before the possession of the city, from the west side westward, and from the east side eastward: and the length shall be over against one of the portions, from the west border unto the east border. (Eze 45:7)
And by the border of Judah, from the east side unto the west side, shall be the offering which ye shall offer of five and twenty thousand reeds in breadth, and in length as one of the other parts, from the east side unto the west side: and the sanctuary shall be in the midst of it. (Eze 48:8)
And the residue shall be for the prince, on the one side and on the other of the holy oblation, and of the possession of the city, over against the five and twenty thousand of the oblation toward the east border, and westward over against the five and twenty thousand toward the west border, over against the portions for the prince: and it shall be the holy oblation; and the sanctuary of the house shall be in the midst thereof. (Eze 48:21)
They have dealt treacherously against the LORD: for they have begotten strange children: now shall a month devour them with their portions. (Hos 5:7)
Thus hath the Lord GOD shewed unto me: and, behold, the Lord GOD called to contend by fire, and it devoured the great deep, and did eat up a part. (Amo 7:4)
In that day shall one take up a parable against you, and lament with a doleful lamentation, and say, We be utterly spoiled: he hath changed the portion of my people: how hath he removed it from me! turning away he hath divided our fields. (Mic 2:4)
Therefore they sacrifice unto their net, and burn incense unto their drag; because by them their portion is fat, and their meat plenteous. (Hab 1:16)
And the LORD shall inherit Judah his portion in the holy land, and shall choose Jerusalem again. (Zec 2:12)
Portion in the New Testament:
- And shall cut him asunder, and appoint him his portion with the hypocrites: there shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth. (Mat 24:51)
- The lord of that servant will come in a day when he looketh not for him, and at an hour when he is not aware, and will cut him in sunder, and will appoint him his portion with the unbelievers. (Luk 12:46)
Sling
- Among all this people there were seven hundred chosen men lefthanded; every one could sling stones at an hair breadth, and not miss. (Jdg 20:16)
- And he took his staff in his hand, and chose him five smooth stones out of the brook, and put them in a shepherd’s bag which he had, even in a scrip; and his sling was in his hand: and he drew near to the Philistine. (1Sa 17:40)
- So David prevailed over the Philistine with a sling and with a stone, and smote the Philistine, and slew him; but there was no sword in the hand of David. (1Sa 17:50)
- Yet a man is risen to pursue thee, and to seek thy soul: but the soul of my lord shall be bound in the bundle of life with the LORD thy God; and the souls of thine enemies, them shall he sling out, as out of the middle of a sling. (1Sa 25:29)
- As he that bindeth a stone in a sling, so is he that giveth honour to a fool. (Pro 26:8)
- For thus saith the LORD, Behold, I will sling out the inhabitants of the land at this once, and will distress them, that they may find it so. (Jer 10:18)
- The arrow cannot make him flee: slingstones are turned with him into stubble. (Job 41:28)
- And Uzziah prepared for them throughout all the host shields, and spears, and helmets, and habergeons, and bows, and slings to cast stones. (2Ch 26:14)
- Sling stones – Judgment
  - And the LORD shall be seen over them, and his arrow shall go forth as the lightning: and the Lord GOD shall blow the trumpet, and shall go with whirlwinds of the south. The LORD of hosts shall defend them; and they shall devour, and subdue with sling stones; and they shall drink, and make a noise as through wine; and they shall be filled like bowls, and as the corners of the altar. And the LORD their God shall save them in that day as the flock of his people: for they shall be as the stones of a crown, lifted up as an ensign upon his land. (Zec 9:14-16)
- Stones – Jesus as a Stone of Stumbling
  - Thou sawest till that a stone was cut out without hands, which smote the image upon his feet that were of iron and clay, and brake them to pieces. Then was the iron, the clay, the brass, the silver, and the gold, broken to pieces together, and became like the chaff of the summer threshingfloors; and the wind carried them away, that no place was found for them: and the stone that smote the image became a great mountain, and filled the whole earth. (Dan 2:34-35)
  - Forasmuch as thou sawest that the stone was cut out of the mountain without hands, and that it brake in pieces the iron, the brass, the clay, the silver, and the gold; the great God hath made known to the king what shall come to pass hereafter: and the dream is certain, and the interpretation thereof sure. (Dan 2:45)
  - And he shall be for a sanctuary; but for a stone of stumbling and for a rock of offence to both the houses of Israel, for a gin and for a snare to the inhabitants of Jerusalem. (Isa 8:14)
  - Wherefore? Because they sought it not by faith, but as it were by the works of the law. For they stumbled at that stumblingstone; (Rom 9:32)
  - As it is written, Behold, I lay in Sion a stumblingstone and rock of offence: and whosoever believeth on him shall not be ashamed. (Rom 9:33)
  - And a stone of stumbling, and a rock of offence, even to them which stumble at the word, being disobedient: whereunto also they were appointed. (1Pe 2:8)

Stone (precious, rejected of men) as Jesus Christ:

I will praise thee: for thou hast heard me, and art become my salvation. The stone which the builders refused is become the head stone of the corner. (Psa 118:21-22)
And are built upon the foundation of the apostles and prophets, Jesus Christ himself being the chief corner stone; (Eph 2:20)
To whom coming, as unto a living stone, disallowed indeed of men, but chosen of God, and precious, (1Pe 2:4)
For behold the stone that I have laid before Joshua; upon one stone shall be seven eyes: behold, I will engrave the graving thereof, saith the LORD of hosts, and I will remove the iniquity of that land in one day. (Zec 3:9)
Jesus saith unto them, Did ye never read in the scriptures, The stone which the builders rejected, the same is become the head of the corner: this is the Lord’s doing, and it is marvellous in our eyes? (Mat 21:42)
And he beheld them, and said, What is this then that is written, The stone which the builders rejected, the same is become the head of the corner? Whosoever shall fall upon that stone shall be broken; but on whomsoever it shall fall, it will grind him to powder. (Luk 20:17-18)
This is the stone which was set at nought of you builders, which is become the head of the corner. (Act 4:11)
And have ye not read this scripture; The stone which the builders rejected is become the head of the corner: This was the Lord’s doing, and it is marvellous in our eyes? (Mar 12:10-11)
As it is written, Behold, I lay in Sion a stumblingstone and rock of offence: and whosoever believeth on him shall not be ashamed. (Rom 9:33)
And he shall be for a sanctuary; but for a stone of stumbling and for a rock of offence to both the houses of Israel, for a gin and for a snare to the inhabitants of Jerusalem. And many among them shall stumble, and fall, and be broken, and be snared, and be taken. (Isa 8:14-15)
Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD, Behold, I lay in Zion for a foundation a stone, a tried stone, a precious corner stone, a sure foundation: he that believeth shall not make haste. (Isa 28:16)
Who art thou, O great mountain? before Zerubbabel thou shalt become a plain: and he shall bring forth the headstone thereof with shoutings, crying, Grace, grace unto it. (Zec 4:7)
Thou sawest till that a stone was cut out without hands, which smote the image upon his feet that were of iron and clay, and brake them to pieces. (Dan 2:34)
Forasmuch as thou sawest that the stone was cut out of the mountain without hands, and that it brake in pieces the iron, the brass, the clay, the silver, and the gold; the great God hath made known to the king what shall come to pass hereafter: and the dream is certain, and the interpretation thereof sure. (Dan 2:45)
Stone with Stones
- With the work of an engraver in stone, like the engravings of a signet, shalt thou engrave the two stones with the names of the children of Israel: thou shalt make them to be set in ouches of gold. (Exo 28:11)
- Again, thou shalt say to the children of Israel, Whosoever he be of the children of Israel, or of the strangers that sojourn in Israel, that giveth any of his seed unto Molech; he shall surely be put to death: the people of the land shall stone him with stones. (Lev 20:2)
- A man also or woman that hath a familiar spirit, or that is a wizard, shall surely be put to death: they shall stone them with stones: their blood shall be upon them. (Lev 20:27)
- And Moses spake to the children of Israel, that they should bring forth him that had cursed out of the camp, and stone him with stones. And the children of Israel did as the LORD commanded Moses. (Lev 24:23)
- But all the congregation bade stone them with stones. And the glory of the LORD appeared in the tabernacle of the congregation before all the children of Israel. (Num 14:10)
- And the LORD said unto Moses, The man shall be surely put to death: all the congregation shall stone him with stones without the camp. (Num 15:35)
- And thou shalt stone him with stones, that he die; because he hath sought to thrust thee away from the LORD thy God, which brought thee out of the land of Egypt, from the house of bondage. (Deu 13:10)
- Then shalt thou bring forth that man or that woman, which have committed that wicked thing, unto thy gates, even that man or that woman, and shalt stone them with stones, till they die. (Deu 17:5)
- And all the men of his city shall stone him with stones, that he die: so shalt thou put evil away from among you; and all Israel shall hear, and fear. (Deu 21:21)
- Then they shall bring out the damsel to the door of her father’s house, and the men of her city shall stone her with stones that she die: because she hath wrought folly in Israel, to play the whore in her father’s house: so shalt thou put evil away from among you. (Deu 22:21)
- Then ye shall bring them both out unto the gate of that city, and ye shall stone them with stones that they die; the damsel, because she cried not, being in the city; and the man, because he hath humbled his neighbour’s wife: so thou shalt put away evil from among you. (Deu 22:24)
- And they beat down the cities, and on every good piece of land cast every man his stone, and filled it; and they stopped all the wells of water, and felled all the good trees: only in Kirharaseth left they the stones thereof; howbeit the slingers went about it, and smote it. (2Ki 3:25)
- They shall also bring up a company against thee, and they shall stone thee with stones, and thrust thee through with their swords. (Eze 16:40)
- And the company shall stone them with stones, and dispatch them with their swords; they shall slay their sons and their daughters, and burn up their houses with fire. (Eze 23:47)
- Then the Jews took up stones again to stone him. (Joh 10:31)
Forehead – Symbol for where the mind and thoughts are
Name in their foreheads – see Rev 7:3, Rev 14:1 notes, John 10:30, Zech 14:9
Where God’s seal is – Rev 7:3, Rev 9:4, Rev 13:16, Rev 14:1, Rev 14:9, Rev 17:5, Rev 20:4, Rev 22:4
Ezekiel’s forehead made like flint – Eze 3:8-9
Saved marked – Eze 9:4-6
Where phylacteries were – see Rev 13:16, Deut 6:8, Deut 11:18, Ex 13:9, Ex 13:16, Mat 23:5
Aaron’s forehead – ‘Holy to the Lord’ – Exo 28:38
Satan numbers his too (Rev 13:18)
Unsaved – minds are at enmity w/ God – 1 Tim 6:5, 2 Tim 3:8, Col 1:21, 2 Cor 3:14-4:6
Saved have the mind of Christ – 1 Cor 2:16, Heb 8:10 (see Heb 10:16-17, Jer 31:34), 2 Cor 3:3, Col 3:9-10, 2 Cor 1:21-22, 2 Tim 1:7. 2 Pet 3:1, Ro 8:5
Saved must strive to keep their minds on Christ – Eph 5:18, Mat 22:37 (w/ Deut 6:4-5, Lk 10:27, Mk 12:30), 1 Pet 2:2, 1 Thess 2:13, Eph 1:15-19, Eph 4:13, Eph 4:23, 2 Pet 1:5-8, 2 Pet 3:18, Phil 1:9-11, Phil 2:5, Phil 4:7-8, Col 1:9-11, Col 2:3, Col 3:2, James 3:13, 1 Pet 1:13, Ro 12:2
Satan’s also has a mark on his people – Represents that Satan influences the mind of unsaved – held in captive to sin – 2 Tim 2:24-26, but mankind willingly submit themselves to servitude since people like sin (Ro 39-23, Jer 17:9, etc). Because people are sinful, their minds are at enmity with God (Ro 8:1-9, 1 Tim 6:5, 2 Tim 3:8, Col 1:21, 2 Cor 3:14-4:6, James 4:4). People are children of Satan – 1 John 3:8-10, Mat 13:38, John 8:44)
Father’s name written in foreheads – see Ex 28:38, Rev 3:12, Rev 22:4
In Rev 7:1-8, a seal was placed
Points to God’s People – 144,000 not a literal number of people
Foreheads represent minds – Deut 6:6-8, Heb 8:10, 1 Cor 2:16
- Mark of the Beast points to the unsaved – Rev 13:16
… the throne of God and of the Lamb shall be in it; and his servants shall serve him: And they shall see his face; and his name shall be in their foreheads. (Rev 22:3-4)
Him that overcomes will I make a pillar in the temple of my God … and I will write upon him my new name. (Rev 3:12)
Stone Sunk

- Heb: taba (H2883) – to sink down – 10 occurrences

Pharaoh’s chariots and his host hath he cast into the sea: his chosen captains also are drowned in the Red sea. (Exo 15:4)
And David put his hand in his bag, and took thence a stone, and slang it, and smote the Philistine in his forehead, that the stone sunk into his forehead; and he fell upon his face to the earth. (1Sa 17:49)
Whereupon are the foundations thereof fastened? or who laid the corner stone thereof; (Job 38:6)
The heathen are sunk down in the pit that they made: in the net which they hid is their own foot taken. (Psa 9:15)
I sink in deep mire, where there is no standing: I am come into deep waters, where the floods overflow me. (Psa 69:2)
Deliver me out of the mire, and let me not sink: let me be delivered from them that hate me, and out of the deep (Psa 69:14)
Before the mountains were settled, before the hills was I brought forth: (Pro 8:25)
Then took they Jeremiah, and cast him into the dungeon of Malchiah the son of Hammelech, that was in the court of the prison: and they let down Jeremiah with cords. And in the dungeon there was no water, but mire: so Jeremiah sunk in the mire. (Jer 38:6)
And, behold, all the women that are left in the king of Judah’s house shall be brought forth to the king of Babylon’s princes, and those women shall say, Thy friends have set thee on, and have prevailed against thee: thy feet are sunk in the mire, and they are turned away back. (Jer 38:22)
Her gates are sunk into the ground; he hath destroyed and broken her bars: her king and her princes are among the Gentiles: the law is no more; her prophets also find no vision from the LORD. (Lam 2:9)

Fall upon One’s face – to submit to another (usually God)

Then Abraham fell upon his face, and laughed, and said in his heart, Shall a child be born unto him that is an hundred years old? and shall Sarah, that is ninety years old, bear? (Gen 17:17)
And Joseph fell upon his father’s face, and wept upon him, and kissed him. (Gen 50:1)
And when Moses heard it, he fell upon his face: (Num 16:4)
And Joshua rent his clothes, and fell to the earth upon his face before the ark of the LORD until the eventide, he and the elders of Israel, and put dust upon their heads. (Jos 7:6)
And David put his hand in his bag, and took thence a stone, and slang it, and smote the Philistine in his forehead, that the stone sunk into his forehead; and he fell upon his face to the earth. (1Sa 17:49)
And Ahimaaz called, and said unto the king, All is well. And he fell down to the earth upon his face before the king, and said, Blessed be the LORD thy God, which hath delivered up the men that lifted up their hand against my lord the king. (2Sa 18:28)
As the appearance of the bow that is in the cloud in the day of rain, so was the appearance of the brightness round about. This was the appearance of the likeness of the glory of the LORD. And when I saw it, I fell upon my face, and I heard a voice of one that spake. (Eze 1:28)
And it came to pass, while they were slaying them, and I was left, that I fell upon my face, and cried, and said, Ah Lord GOD! wilt thou destroy all the residue of Israel in thy pouring out of thy fury upon Jerusalem? (Eze 9:8)
And it came to pass, when I prophesied, that Pelatiah the son of Benaiah died. Then fell I down upon my face, and cried with a loud voice, and said, Ah Lord GOD! wilt thou make a full end of the remnant of Israel? (Eze 11:13)
And it was according to the appearance of the vision which I saw, even according to the vision that I saw when I came to destroy the city: and the visions were like the vision that I saw by the river Chebar; and I fell upon my face. (Eze 43:3)
Then brought he me the way of the north gate before the house: and I looked, and, behold, the glory of the LORD filled the house of the LORD: and I fell upon my face. (Eze 44:4)
Then the king Nebuchadnezzar fell upon his face, and worshipped Daniel, and commanded that they should offer an oblation and sweet odours unto him. (Dan 2:46)
So he came near where I stood: and when he came, I was afraid, and fell upon my face: but he said unto me, Understand, O son of man: for at the time of the end shall be the vision. (Dan 8:17)

Goliath’s Head

This day will the LORD deliver you into mine hand; and I will smite you, and take your head from you … (1Sa 17:46)
Therefore David ran, and stood upon the Philistine, and took his sword, and drew it out of the sheath thereof, and slew him, and cut off his head therewith … (1Sa 17:51)
And David took the head of the Philistine, and brought it to Jerusalem; but he put his armor in his tent. (1Sa 17:54)
Removed head becomes a skull:
- The Death of Saul (1^st King of Israel)
- And it came to pass … when the Philistines came to strip the slain, that they found Saul and his sons fallen in mount Gilboa. And when they had stripped him, they took his head, and his armor, and sent into the land of the Philistines round about, to carry tidings unto their idols, and to the people. (1Ch 10:8-9)
  - Head – Hebrew: ro’sh (350+ occurrences as head)
- And they put his armor in the house of their gods, and fastened his head in the temple of Dagon. (1Ch 10:10)
Head – Hebrew: gulgoleth (H1538) – literally, a skull (12 occurrences)
- This is the thing which the LORD hath commanded, Gather of it every man according to his eating, an omer for every man, according to the number of your persons; take ye every man for them which are in his tents. (Exo 16:16)
- A bekah for every man, that is, half a shekel, after the shekel of the sanctuary, for every one that went to be numbered, from twenty years old and upward, for six hundred thousand and three thousand and five hundred and fifty (Exo 38:26)
- Take ye the sum of all the congregation of the children of Israel, after their families, by the house of their fathers, with the number of their names, every male by their polls; (Num 1:2)
- And they assembled all the congregation together on the first day of the second month, and they declared their pedigrees after their families, by the house of their fathers, according to the number of the names, from twenty years old and upward, by their polls. (Num 1:18)
- And the children of Reuben, Israel’s eldest son, by their generations, after their families, by the house of their fathers, according to the number of the names, by their polls, every male from twenty years old and upward, all that were able to go forth to war; (Num 1:20)
- Of the children of Simeon, by their generations, after their families, by the house of their fathers, those that were numbered of them, according to the number of the names, by their polls, every male from twenty years old and upward, all that were able to go forth to war; (Num 1:22)
- Thou shalt even take five shekels apiece by the poll, after the shekel of the sanctuary shalt thou take them: (the shekel is twenty gerahs:) (Num 3:47)
- And a certain woman cast a piece of a millstone upon Abimelech’s head, and all to brake his skull. (Jdg 9:53)
- And they went to bury her: but they found no more of her than the skull, and the feet, and the palms of her (2Ki 9:35)
- And they put his armour in the house of their gods, and fastened his head in the temple of Dagon. (1Ch 10:10)
- Now the Levites were numbered from the age of thirty years and upward: and their number by their polls, man by man, was thirty and eight thousand. (1Ch 23:3)
- These were the sons of Levi after the house of their fathers; even the chief of the fathers, as they were counted by number of names by their polls, that did the work for the service of the house of the LORD, from the age of twenty years and upward. (1Ch 23:24)
The place of the skull in Jerusalem
Greek: Golgotha (G115 – 4 occurrences) – derived from H1538 (gulgoleth)
- And when they were come unto a place called Golgotha, that is to say, a place of a skull, (Mat 27:33)
- And they bring him unto the place Golgotha, which is, being interpreted, The place of a skull. (Mar 15:22)
- And he bearing his cross went forth into a place called the place of a skull, which is called in the Hebrew Golgotha: (Joh 19:17)
- And when they were come to the place, which is called Calvary, there they crucified him, and the malefactors, one on the right hand, and the other on the left. (Luk 23:33)
  - Calvary – Latin origin (calvaria – skull), but in Greek text of New Testament, the Greek is Golgotha

Philistines

Origin of the Philistines

And the sons of Ham; Cush, and Mizraim, and Phut, and Canaan. And the sons of Cush; Seba, and Havilah, and Sabtah, and Raamah, and Sabtecha: and the sons of Raamah; Sheba, and Dedan. And Cush begat Nimrod: he began to be a mighty one in the earth. He was a mighty hunter before the LORD: wherefore it is said, Even as Nimrod the mighty hunter before the LORD. And the beginning of his kingdom was Babel, and Erech, and Accad, and Calneh, in the land of Shinar. Out of that land went forth Asshur, and builded Nineveh, and the city Rehoboth, and Calah, And Resen between Nineveh and Calah: the same is a great city. And Mizraim begat Ludim, and Anamim, and Lehabim, and Naphtuhim, And Pathrusim, and Casluhim, (out of whom came Philistim,) and Caphtorim. And Canaan begat Sidon his firstborn, and Heth, And the Jebusite, and the Amorite, and the Girgasite, And the Hivite, and the Arkite, and the Sinite, And the Arvadite, and the Zemarite, and the Hamathite: and afterward were the families of the Canaanites spread abroad. And the border of the Canaanites was from Sidon, as thou comest to Gerar, unto Gaza; as thou goest, unto Sodom, and Gomorrah, and Admah, and Zeboim, even unto Lasha. These are the sons of Ham, after their families, after their tongues, in their countries, and in their nations. (Gen 10:6-20)
Are ye not as children of the Ethiopians unto me, O children of Israel? saith the LORD. Have not I brought up Israel out of the land of Egypt? and the Philistines from Caphtor, and the Syrians from Kir? (Amo 9:7)
- Because of the day that cometh to spoil all the Philistines, and to cut off from Tyrus and Zidon every helper that remaineth: for the LORD will spoil the Philistines, the remnant of the country of Caphtor. (Jer 47:4)
- And Pathrusim, and Casluhim, (of whom came the Philistines,) and Caphthorim. (1Ch 1:12)

Abraham, Isaac and the Philistines (King Abimelech)

And Abraham said of Sarah his wife, She is my sister: and Abimelech king of Gerar sent, and took Sarah. (Gen 20:2)
But God came to Abimelech in a dream by night, and said to him, Behold, thou art but a dead man, for the woman which thou hast taken; for she is a man’s wife. (Gen 20:3)
But Abimelech had not come near her: and he said, Lord, wilt thou slay also a righteous nation? (Gen 20:4)
Therefore Abimelech rose early in the morning, and called all his servants, and told all these things in their ears: and the men were sore afraid. (Gen 20:8)
Then Abimelech called Abraham, and said unto him, What hast thou done unto us? and what have I offended thee, that thou hast brought on me and on my kingdom a great sin? thou hast done deeds unto me that ought not to be done. (Gen 20:9)
And Abimelech said unto Abraham, What sawest thou, that thou hast done this thing? (Gen 20:10)
And Abimelech took sheep, and oxen, and menservants, and womenservants, and gave them unto Abraham, and restored him Sarah his wife. (Gen 20:14)
And Abimelech said, Behold, my land is before thee: dwell where it pleaseth (Gen 20:15)
So Abraham prayed unto God: and God healed Abimelech, and his wife, and his maidservants; and they bare (Gen 20:17)
For the LORD had fast closed up all the wombs of the house of Abimelech, because of Sarah Abraham’s wife. (Gen 20:18)
And it came to pass at that time, that Abimelech and Phichol the chief captain of his host spake unto Abraham, saying, God is with thee in all that thou doest: (Gen 21:22)
And Abraham reproved Abimelech because of a well of water, which Abimelech’s servants had violently taken away. (Gen 21:25)
And Abimelech said, I wot not who hath done this thing: neither didst thou tell me, neither yet heard I of it, but to day. (Gen 21:26)
And Abraham took sheep and oxen, and gave them unto Abimelech; and both of them made a covenant. (Gen 21:27)
And Abimelech said unto Abraham, What mean these seven ewe lambs which thou hast set by themselves? (Gen 21:29)
Thus they made a covenant at Beersheba: then Abimelech rose up, and Phichol the chief captain of his host, and they returned into the land of the Philistines. (Gen 21:32)
And there was a famine in the land, beside the first famine that was in the days of Abraham. And Isaac went unto Abimelech king of the Philistines unto Gerar. (Gen 26:1)
And it came to pass, when he had been there a long time, that Abimelech king of the Philistines looked out at a window, and saw, and, behold, Isaac was sporting with()Rebekah his wife. (Gen 26:8)
And Abimelech called Isaac, and said, Behold, of a surety she is thy wife: and how saidst thou, She is my sister? And Isaac said unto him, Because I said, Lest I die for her. (Gen 26:9)
And Abimelech said, What is this thou hast done unto us? one of the people might lightly have lien with thy wife, and thou shouldest have brought guiltiness upon us. (Gen 26:10)
And Abimelech charged all his people, saying, He that toucheth this man or his wife shall surely be put to death. (Gen 26:11)
And Abimelech said unto Isaac, Go from us; for thou art much mightier than we. (Gen 26:16)
Then Abimelech went to him from Gerar, and Ahuzzath one of his friends, and Phichol the chief captain of his army. (Gen 26:26)

Not of the nations to be removed from Promised Land

When the LORD thy God shall bring thee into the land whither thou goest to possess it, and hath cast out many nations before thee, the Hittites, and the Girgashites, and the Amorites, and the Canaanites, and the Perizzites, and the Hivites, and the Jebusites, seven nations greater and mightier than thou; (Deu 7:1)
And I will send an angel before thee; and I will drive out the Canaanite, the Amorite, and the Hittite, and the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite: (Exo 33:2)
And I am come down to deliver them out of the hand of the Egyptians, and to bring them up out of that land unto a good land and a large, unto a land flowing with milk and honey; unto the place of the Canaanites, and the Hittites, and the Amorites, and the Perizzites, and the Hivites, and the Jebusites. (Exo 3:8)
And I have said, I will bring you up out of the affliction of Egypt unto the land of the Canaanites, and the Hittites, and the Amorites, and the Perizzites, and the Hivites, and the Jebusites, unto a land flowing with milk and honey. (Exo 3:17)
In the same day the LORD made a covenant with Abram, saying, Unto thy seed have I given this land, from the river of Egypt unto the great river, the river Euphrates: The Kenites, and the Kenizzites, and the Kadmonites, And the Hittites, and the Perizzites, and the Rephaims, And the Amorites, and the Canaanites, and the Girgashites, and the Jebusites. (Gen 15:18-21)

Philistines in the Land to Prove Israel

And it came to pass, when Pharaoh had let the people go, that God led them not through the way of the land of the Philistines, although that was near; for God said, Lest peradventure the people repent when they see war, and they return to Egypt: (Exo 13:17)

And the anger of the LORD was hot against Israel; and he said, Because that this people hath transgressed my covenant which I commanded their fathers, and have not hearkened unto my voice; I also will not henceforth drive out any from before them of the nations which Joshua left when he died: That through them I may prove Israel, whether they will keep the way of the LORD to walk therein, as their fathers did keep it, or not. (Jdg 2:20-22)
Now these are the nations which the LORD left, to prove Israel by them, even as many of Israel as had not known all the wars of Canaan; Only that the generations of the children of Israel might know, to teach them war, at the least such as before knew nothing thereof; Namely, five lords of the Philistines, and all the Canaanites, and the Sidonians, and the Hivites that dwelt in mount Lebanon, from mount Baalhermon unto the entering in of Hamath. (Jdg 3:1-3)

Philistines in Canaan:
- From Sihor, which is before Egypt, even unto the borders of Ekron northward, which is counted to the Canaanite: five lords of the Philistines; the Gazathites, and the Ashdothites, the Eshkalonites, the Gittites, and the Ekronites; also the Avites: (Jos 13:3)
- Woe unto the inhabitants of the sea coast, the nation of the Cherethites! the word of the LORD is against you; O Canaan, the land of the Philistines, I will even destroy thee, that there shall be no inhabitant. (Zep 2:5)
- Now these are the nations which the LORD left, to prove Israel by them, even as many of Israel as had not known all the wars of Canaan; Only that the generations of the children of Israel might know, to teach them war, at the least such as before knew nothing thereof; Namely, five lords of the Philistines, and all the Canaanites, and the Sidonians, and the Hivites that dwelt in mount Lebanon, from mount Baalhermon unto the entering in of Hamath. (Jdg 3:1-3)

Dagon and Gods of the Philistines

And the Philistine said unto David, Am I a dog, that thou comest to me with staves? And the Philistine cursed David by his gods. (1Sa 17:43)
Then the lords of the Philistines gathered them together for to offer a great sacrifice unto Dagon their god, and to rejoice: for they said, Our god hath delivered Samson our enemy into our hand. (Jdg 16:23)
When the Philistines took the ark of God, they brought it into the house of Dagon, and set it by Dagon. (1Sa 5:2)
And when they of Ashdod arose early on the morrow, behold, Dagon was fallen upon his face to the earth before the ark of the LORD. And they took Dagon, and set him in his place again. (1Sa 5:3)
And when they arose early on the morrow morning, behold, Dagon was fallen upon his face to the ground before the ark of the LORD; and the head of Dagon and both the palms of his hands were cut off upon the threshold; only the stump of Dagon was left to him. (1Sa 5:4)
Therefore neither the priests of Dagon, nor any that come into Dagon’s house, tread on the threshold of Dagon in Ashdod unto this day. (1Sa 5:5)
And when the men of Ashdod saw that it was so, they said, The ark of the God of Israel shall not abide with us: for his hand is sore upon us, and upon Dagon our god. (1Sa 5:7)
And they put his armour in the house of their gods, and fastened his head in the temple of Dagon. (1Ch 10:10)

Pride of the Philistines

Ashkelon shall see it, and fear; Gaza also shall see it, and be very sorrowful, and Ekron; for her expectation shall be ashamed; and the king shall perish from Gaza, and Ashkelon shall not be inhabited. And a bastard shall dwell in Ashdod, and I will cut off the pride of the Philistines. (Zec 9:5-6)
And he stood and cried unto the armies of Israel, and said unto them, Why are ye come out to set your battle in array? am not I a Philistine, and ye servants to Saul? choose you a man for you, and let him come down to me. If he be able to fight with me, and to kill me, then will we be your servants: but if I prevail against him, and kill him, then shall ye be our servants, and serve us. And the Philistine said, I defy the armies of Israel this day; give me a man, that we may fight together. (1Sa 17:8-10)
And the Philistine said unto David, Am I a dog, that thou comest to me with staves? And the Philistine cursed David by his gods. And the Philistine said to David, Come to me, and I will give thy flesh unto the fowls of the air, and to the beasts of the field. (1Sa 17:43-44)

Philistines as Enemies

Therefore the LORD shall set up the adversaries of Rezin against him, and join his enemies together; The Syrians before, and the Philistines behind; and they shall devour Israel with open mouth. For all this his anger is not turned away, but his hand is stretched out still. For the people turneth not unto him that smiteth them, neither do they seek the LORD of hosts. (Isa 9:11-13)
The Devil is our Enemy:
- But while men slept, his enemy came and sowed tares among the wheat … The enemy that sowed them is the devil; the harvest is the end of the world … (Mat 13:25, 39)
Paul to Elymas the Sorcerer:
- But Elymas the sorcerer … withstood them, seeking to turn away the deputy from the faith. Then Saul, (who also is called Paul,) … said, O full of all subtlety and all mischief, thou child of the devil, you enemy of all righteousness, wilt thou not cease to pervert the right ways of the Lord? (Act 13:8-10)
Enemies are those who hate Christ
- And he called his ten servants, and delivered them ten pounds, and said unto them, Occupy till I come. But his citizens hated him, and sent a message after him, saying, We will not have this man to reign over us. (Luk 19:13-14)
- But those mine enemies, which would not that I should reign over them, bring hither, and slay them before me. (Luk 19:27)
  - Enemies – all who are not God’s people
  - Picture of Judgment Day
- Enemies – G2189 / G2190 (echthra, 6 occurrences / echthros, 32 occurrences) – hatred, enmity, enemy
  - Love your enemies – Mat 5:43-44, Lk 6:27, Lk 6:35
  - Foes will be those of own household – Mat 10:36
  - Enemy (devil) sows tares among wheat – Mat 13:25, Mat 13:28, Mat 13:39
  - Jesus at right hand of God until enemies made a footstool – Mat 22:44, Mk 12:36, Lk 20:43, Acts 2:35, 1 Cor 15:25, Heb 1:13, Heb 10:13
  - Saved from enemies and all that hate us – Lk 1:71, Lk 1:74
  - Power to tread on serpents and scorpions and all the power of the enemy (Satan) – Lk 10:19
  - Those who did not want Christ to reign over them – Lk 19:27
  - Enemies will encompass – Lk 19:43
  - Pilate and Herod previously at enmity until passion of Christ – Lk 23:12
  - False teacher, child of the devil, enemy of righteousness – Acts 13:10
  - Before reconciliation, Christians were enemies – Ro 5:10
  - Fleshly mind enmity against God – Ro 8:7
  - List of sins (hatred) – Gal 5:20
  - Jews against Gospel are enemies – Ro 11:28
  - Feed enemies – Ro 12:20
  - Last enemy to be destroyed in death – 1 Cor 15:26
  - Paul questioned Galatians if he has become their enemy because he told them the trhty – Gal 4:16
  - Enmity is the law of commandments – Eph 2:15
  - Reconciliation by His body on the cross, slaying the enmity – Eph 2:16
  - False teachers – enemies of the cross – Phil 3:18
  - We were enemies, but now reconciled – Col 1:21
  - Sinning brother, count not as an enemy, but admonish him as a brother – 2 Thess 3:15
  - Friendship (love) of the world is enmity with God – James 4:4
  - 2 witnesses, fire out of mouth, devour their enemies – Rev 11:5
  - 2 witnesses raised to heaven, enemies saw them – Rev 11:12

Wars – Philistines and Israel

Judge Shamgar:
- And after him was Shamgar the son of Anath, which slew of the Philistines six hundred men with an ox goad: and he also delivered Israel. (Jdg 3:31)
Battle of in Ebenezer / Philistines take the ark of the covenant – 1 Sam 4:1-11
Philistines defeated in Battle of Mizpeh (Ebenezer) – 1 Sam 7:7-13
Jonathan defeats Philistines at Michmash – 1 Sam 14
David and Goliath – 1 Sam 17
Philistines defeat Israel / kill King Saul and his sons (including Jonathan) – 1 Sam 31
David and his men defeat Philistines (kill Goliath’s sons and brother) – 2 Sam 21:15-22, 1 Chr 20:4-8
Good King Hezekiah defeats Philistines – 2 Ki 18:5-8
Philistines invade and bring Judah low because of wicked King Ahaz – 2 Chr 28:18-19

Philistines were Soothsayers

Therefore thou hast forsaken thy people the house of Jacob, because they be replenished from the east, and are soothsayers like the Philistines, and they please themselves in the children of strangers. (Isa 2:6)
Manasseh – Road to Babylon – see 2 Chr 33:6
The Hebrew word translated as ‘observed times’ is ‘anan’ (H6049 – 11 occurrences):
- And it shall come to pass, when I bring a cloud over the earth, that the bow shall be seen in the cloud: (Gen 9:14)
- Ye shall not eat any thing with the blood: neither shall ye use enchantment, nor observe times. (Lev 19:26)
- There shall not be found among you any one that maketh his son or his daughter to pass through the fire, or that useth divination, or an observer of times, or an enchanter, or a witch, (Deu 18:10)
- For these nations, which thou shalt possess, hearkened unto observers of times, and unto diviners: but as for thee, the LORD thy God hath not suffered thee so to do. (Deu 18:14)
- And Gaal spake again and said, See there come people down by the middle of the land, and another company come along by the plain of Meonenim. (Jdg 9:37)
- And he made his son pass through the fire, and observed times, and used enchantments, and dealt with familiar spirits and wizards: he wrought much wickedness in the sight of the LORD, to provoke him to anger. (2Ki 21:6)
- And he caused his children to pass through the fire in the valley of the son of Hinnom: also he observed times, and used enchantments, and used witchcraft, and dealt with a familiar spirit, and with wizards: he wrought much evil in the sight of the LORD, to provoke him to anger. (2Ch 33:6)
- Therefore thou hast forsaken thy people the house of Jacob, because they be replenished from the east, and are soothsayers like the Philistines, and they please themselves in the children of strangers. (Isa 2:6)
- But draw near hither, ye sons of the sorceress, the seed of the adulterer and the whore. (Isa 57:3)
- Therefore hearken not ye to your prophets, nor to your diviners, nor to your dreamers, nor to your enchanters, nor to your sorcerers, which speak unto you, saying, Ye shall not serve the king of Babylon: (Jer 27:9)
- And I will cut off witchcrafts out of thine hand; and thou shalt have no more soothsayers: (Mic 5:12)
The related Hebrew word cognates (H6049-H6054) occur about 90 times in the Old Testament. The vast majority of these occurrences are translated as ‘cloud’. The literal word meaning is to cover or cloud over. A key verse in the Old Testament is the following:
- And it shall come to pass, when I bring a cloud over the earth, that the bow shall be seen in the cloud (Gen 9:14)
- In the above familiar passage, the word ‘bring’ (H6049) is the exact same word translated in 2 Chr 33:6 and elsewhere as ‘observed times’. The literal meaning of H6049 is to ‘cloud over’. In the above passage (Gen 9:14) the word ‘cloud’ (H6051) is translated as cloud in about 75 places in the Old Testament. A cloud is used in the various manners in the Old Testament:
God provided a covenantal promise by the rainbow in the cloud – Gen 9:13-16
In the wilderness, Israel was led by God in a pillar of a cloud by day – Ex 13:21-22, 14:24, 19:20, 40:34-38, Ps 78:14 (see also 1 Cor 10:1-2)
Cloud covered the tent in the wilderness – Num 9:15-22, PS 105:39
Mount Sinai covered in a cloud (thick clouds, represents judgment of the law of God) – Ex 19:9, 19:16, 24:15-16, 34;5, Deut 4:11
Glory of the Lord was in the cloud – Ex 16:10, 40:34-38
God caused His Light of the cloud to shine – Job 37:15
God spoke in the cloudy pillar – Ps 99:7
Lord appeared in cloud of incense on mercy seat – Lev 16:2, Lev 16:13 (day of atonement)
Waters are bound up in clouds – Job 26:8-9
Clouds blot out sin – Is 44:22
Clouds accompany Judgment Day – Ex 30:3, Eze 34:12, Nah 1:2-3, Zeph 1:15

From these above Old Testament passages, we see that clouds symbolized the presence of the glorious Lord. They provided direction and shelter from the hot sun (which represents the judgment of God – Ps 121:6, Is 49:10, Rev 7:16). But, they also represent God in judgment.

In the New Testament, we find clouds referred to in the following way:

Bright cloud at Christ’s transfiguration – Mat 17:15, Mk 9:7
Angel clothed with a cloud and a rainbow on his head (represents Christ) – Rev 10:1
Coming of Christ with His angels on Judgment Day – Lk 21:27, Acts 1:9-11, Mat 26:64, Mk 13:26, Mat 24:30, Mk 14:62, 1 Thess 4:17, Rev 1:7, 11:12, 14:14-16
Clouds of glory – Lk 21:27, Mk 13:26, Mat 24:30 (see also Ex 16:10, 24:16, 40:34-35, Eze 1:28, 10:4, Is 4:5, 2 Chr 5:14, 1 Ki 8:11, Num 16:42)
False teachers (clouds without water) – 2 Pet 2:17, Jude 12

It is important to recognize that in the Bible, clouds (in a good sense) represent the glory of God. However, in a negative manner, they are used to present false teachers who may look glorious, but they have no ‘rain’, which water is necessary for salvation:

Rain – Gospel ‑ Deut 32:1‑2, Is 55:10‑11
Water refers to the Gospel ‑ Eph 5:25‑26
Washing of regeneration ‑ Titus 3:5, 1 Cor 6:11, Acts 22:16
Springs of the water of life:
Initial salvation on earth ‑ Is 55:1, John 4:14, Jer 2:11‑3, 17:13, Ps 46:4, Job 20:17
Full effect of salvation ‑ Rev 21:6, 22:1 (eternal life)

In other words, these false teachers may look good on the outside. They may appear to be holy men of God, however, they do not actually contain the Gospel. They are deceivers.

Returning to the Old Testament phrase ‘observed times’ (H6049), we find this action to be condemned by the Lord in several passages (Lev 19:26, Micah 5:12, 2 Chr 33:6, Deut 18:10-14). This type of ‘gospel’ is not to be listened to (Jer 27:9, Deut 18:14). This type of ‘gospel’ is what non-Christians adhere to. The Philistines were soothwayers (observers of times, see Is 2:6). The Philistines were constantly at war with Israel (Ps 56:1-3, 83:1-7, Ex 25:15, Jud 3:1-3, Joel 3:4-6), trying to force Israel to submit to their gods (1 Sam 5). Although it cannot be certain what exactly was meant by ‘observed times’ in the reign of King Manasseh, we can know for sure by reference to the clouds without water in Jude 12 and 2 Pet 2:17 what this false gospel looks like today from the context of Jude and 2 Peter 2:
It can be seen in 2 Pet 2:1 and Jude 4, the subjects of the passages is about those false teachers who have crept into the congregation unaware of their evil schemes. These false teachers bring heresies and deny God and the Lord Jesus Christ. In 2 Pet 2:6 and Jude 7, the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah are provided as an example of the false teachers. The behavior and subsequent judgment on the cities serve as a stark reminder of judgment to be made on those who practice that type of sin. In 2 Pet 2:10 and Jude 8, a description of the false teachers’ errors are provided. In both passages, it can be seen that they walk after the flesh in the lust of uncleanness and they despise government. In 2 Pet 2:17 and Jude 12-13, the symbolism of clouds carried by the wind and the judgment of the blackness of darkness is depicted. Finally in Jude 16 and 2 Pet 2:18, the false teachers are said to speak great swelling words of vanity.
To ‘observe times’ literally means to cloud or cover over. As we saw above, the New Testament provides us information on the negative connotation of clouds (without water). In Jude and 2 Pet 2, we find that these waterless clouds represent false teachers within the church who look glorious externally, speak with great swelling words, but deceive the people with a gospel of licentious living. They Also deny the three-fold work of Christ: Prophet (Bible only), Priest (Christ alone is the way to salvation) and King (Holiness in a Christian’s life).

Final Judgment on the Philistines

The word of the LORD that came to Jeremiah the prophet against the Philistines, before that Pharaoh smote Gaza. Thus saith the LORD; Behold, waters rise up out of the north, and shall be an overflowing flood, and shall overflow the land, and all that is therein; the city, and them that dwell therein: then the men shall cry, and all the inhabitants of the land shall howl. At the noise of the stamping of the hoofs of his strong horses, at the rushing of his chariots, and at the rumbling of his wheels, the fathers shall not look back to their children for feebleness of hands; Because of the day that cometh to spoil all the Philistines, and to cut off from Tyrus and Zidon every helper that remaineth: for the LORD will spoil the Philistines, the remnant of the country of Caphtor. Baldness is come upon Gaza; Ashkelon is cut off with the remnant of their valley: how long wilt thou cut thyself? O thou sword of the LORD, how long will it be ere thou be quiet? put up thyself into thy scabbard, rest, and be still. How can it be quiet, seeing the LORD hath given it a charge against Ashkelon, and against the sea shore? there hath he appointed it. (Jer 47:1-7)
Thus saith the LORD; For three transgressions of Gaza, and for four, I will not turn away the punishment thereof; because they carried away captive the whole captivity, to deliver them up to Edom: But I will send a fire on the wall of Gaza, which shall devour the palaces thereof: And I will cut off the inhabitant from Ashdod, and him that holdeth the sceptre from Ashkelon, and I will turn mine hand against Ekron: and the remnant of the Philistines shall perish, saith the Lord GOD. (Amo 1:6-8)
In the year that king Ahaz died was this burden. Rejoice not thou, whole Palestina, because the rod of him that smote thee is broken: for out of the serpent’s root shall come forth a cockatrice, and his fruit shall be a fiery flying serpent. And the firstborn of the poor shall feed, and the needy shall lie down in safety: and I will kill thy root with famine, and he shall slay thy remnant. Howl, O gate; cry, O city; thou, whole Palestina, art dissolved: for there shall come from the north a smoke, and none shall be alone in his appointed times. What shall one then answer the messengers of the nation? That the LORD hath founded Zion, and the poor of his people shall trust in it. (Isa 14:28-32)
Gather yourselves together, yea, gather together, O nation not desired; Before the decree bring forth, before the day pass as the chaff, before the fierce anger of the LORD come upon you, before the day of the LORD’S anger come upon you. Seek ye the LORD, all ye meek of the earth, which have wrought his judgment; seek righteousness, seek meekness: it may be ye shall be hid in the day of the LORD’S anger. For Gaza shall be forsaken, and Ashkelon a desolation: they shall drive out Ashdod at the noon day, and Ekron shall be rooted up. Woe unto the inhabitants of the sea coast, the nation of the Cherethites! the word of the LORD is against you; O Canaan, the land of the Philistines, I will even destroy thee, that there shall be no inhabitant. (Zep 2:1-5)
And they of the south shall possess the mount of Esau; and they of the plain the Philistines: and they shall possess the fields of Ephraim, and the fields of Samaria: and Benjamin shall possess Gilead. (Oba 1:19)
Ashkelon shall see it, and fear; Gaza also shall see it, and be very sorrowful, and Ekron; for her expectation shall be ashamed; and the king shall perish from Gaza, and Ashkelon shall not be inhabited. And a bastard shall dwell in Ashdod, and I will cut off the pride of the Philistines. (Zec 9:5-6)
For thus saith the LORD God of Israel unto me; Take the wine cup of this fury at my hand, and cause all the nations, to whom I send thee, to drink it. And they shall drink, and be moved, and be mad, because of the sword that I will send among them. Then took I the cup at the LORD’S hand, and made all the nations to drink, unto whom the LORD had sent me: To wit, Jerusalem, and the cities of Judah, and the kings thereof, and the princes thereof, to make them a desolation, an astonishment, an hissing, and a curse; as it is this day; Pharaoh king of Egypt, and his servants, and his princes, and all his people; And all the mingled people, and all the kings of the land of Uz, and all the kings of the land of the Philistines, and Ashkelon, and Azzah, and Ekron, and the remnant of Ashdod (Jer 25:15-20)