Event	Verses	Short Title	Description
Church Age	8:7	1^st trumpet	Hail, fire mixed with blood – 1/3 of trees, burnt, all green grass burnt
Church Age	8:8-9	2^nd trumpet	Great mountain burning with fire cast into sea – 1/3 of the sea became as blood, 1/3 creatures dies, 1/3 ships destroyed
Church Age	8:10-11	3^rd trumpet	Great star from heaven , burning as a lamp – 1/3 of rivers and fountains of water, Wormwood, 1/3 of waters became bitter, men died
Church Age	8:12	4^th trumpet	1/3 sun, 1/3 moon, 1/3 stars darkened – 1/3 day and night darkened
Great Tribulation	8:13	Woe, woe, woe	Woe to earth’s inhabitants for the sound of the last 3 trumpets
Great Tribulation	9:1-12	5^th trumpet, 1^st woe	Bottomless pit opened, smoke clouded air, sun and air darkened, locusts with tails as scorpion, hurt only people which have not the seal of God in foreheads, torment them for 5 months, locusts as horses for battle, crowns of god, hair as women, teeth as lions, breastplates iron, wings as chariots in battle, king is angel Abaddon, Apollyon
Great Tribulation	9:13-21	6^th trumpet, 2^nd woe	Angels bound at Euphrates loosed, prepared to slay 1/3 of men, 2 myriad, myriad of horsemen with breastplates, heads of horses like lions, out of mouths fire and brimstone, tails like serpents, power of mouth, rest of men did not repent of their sins
Last Day	10:1-11	Mighty Angel and 7 Thunders	Mighty angel come down from heaven, clothed with a cloud, rainbow on His head, face like sun, feet as pillars of fire with little open book – loud voice as a lion – 7 thunders not to be written by John. Little book eaten by John, in mouth, bitter in stomach

The 7^th Seal Overview

The 7 trumpets are revealed in the 7th Seal (Rev 8-11)
- Silence in heaven for ½ hours (Rev 8:1)
- 7 angels with 7 trumpets (Rev 8:2,6)
- The Altar of Incense in heaven (Rev 8:3-5)
The 7 trumps look back in time (i.e. are not in order after the first 6 seals)
- 1st four trumpets ‑ represent universal (4) judgments on the church throughout the church age (Rev 8:7-12)
- Announcement of the Final 3 Woes (Rev 8:13, Rev 9:12)
- 5th trumpet (1^st woe) represents judgment on unsaved during the Great Tribulation (Rev 9:1-12)
- 6th trumpet (2^nd woe) represents judgment on church during Great Tribulation (Rev 9:13-21)
- Interlude – The Mighty Angel with the Little Scroll – Judgment Day (Rev 10)
- Interlude – Measuring the Temple and the 2 Witnesses (Rev 11:1-14)
- 7th trumpet (3^rd woe) represents Second Coming of Christ / Final Judgment Day (Rev 11:15-19)

Silence in Heaven for ½ Hour (Rev 8:1)

And when he had opened the seventh seal, there was silence in heaven about the space of half an hour. (Rev 8:1)

Silence reflects God’s allowance for suffering of His people during the church age and Great Tribulation
Half reflects division (e.g., blessings and cursing, judgment and salvation, saved and unsaved, etc.)
Hour reflects judgment / salvation – God’s silence before judgment is short

7th Seal

Completeness of Revelation
- 7 – Perfection of purpose ‑ see notes on Rev 1:4‑5, Rev 5:1
- Seal – guarantee of God’s Word and purpose – See notes on Rev 5:1-7

Silence in heaven

Usually continual praise in heaven – e.g., Rev 4:8-11, Rev 5:8-14, Rev 7:10-12, Rev 11:15-19, Rev 14:2-3, Rev 15:2-4, Rev 16:5, Rev 16:7, Rev 19:1-8 (see also Is 6:1-3, Ps 148:2, Lk 2:13, Job 38:7, Lk 24:53, Heb 13:15, Ps 145, etc. )
God’s patience in Judgment – 2 Pet 3:3-9, Ex 34:6, Num 14:18, Ps 78:38, Ps 86:15, Ps 103:8, Ps 145:8, Ro 15:5, Nah 1:3, Neh 9:17, Joel 2:13, Rev 6:10

God is not slack – Isa 46:13, Hab 2:3, Luk 18:7-8, Heb 10:37
Christ silently endured – Mat 27:12-14, Ps 39:1-3, Ps 22:1-2, Ps 31:14-16, Mat 27:46, Mk 15:34, Ps 43:1-5,
G4602 (Greek: sige) – Rev 8:1, Acts 21:40
G4601 (Greek: sigao) – Luk 9:36, Luk 20:26, Act 12:17, Act 15:12, Act 15:13, Rom 16:25, 1Co 14:28, 1Co 14:30, 1Co 14:34.
Now to him that is of power to stablish you according to my gospel, and the preaching of Jesus Christ, according to the revelation of the mystery, which was kept secret since the world began (Rom 16:25)
G5392 (GrL phimoo) – to muzzle – Mat 22:12, Mat 22:34, Mar 1:25, Mar 4:39, Luk 4:35, 1Co 9:9, 1Ti 5:18, 1Pe 2:15.
G2271 (Gr: hesuchia) – quiet – Acts 22:2, 2 Thess 3:12, 1 Tim 2:11-12
G2272 (Gr: hesuchios) – quiet – 1 Tim 2:2, 1 Pet 3:4
H2790
A Psalm of David. Unto thee will I cry, O LORD my rock; be not silent to me: lest, if thou be silent to me, I become like them that go down into the pit. (Psa 28:1)
This thou hast seen, O LORD: keep not silence: O Lord, be not far from me. Stir up thyself, and awake to my judgment, even unto my cause, my God and my Lord. (Psa 35:22-23)
Hear my prayer, O LORD, and give ear unto my cry; hold not thy peace at my tears: for I am a stranger with thee, and a sojourner, as all my fathers were. (Psa 39:12)
Our God shall come, and shall not keep silence: a fire shall devour before him, and it shall be very tempestuous round about him. (Psa 50:3)
These things hast thou done, and I kept silence; thou thoughtest that I was altogether such an one as thyself: but I will reprove thee, and set them in order before thine eyes. Now consider this, ye that forget God, lest I tear you in pieces, and there be none to deliver. (Psa 50:21-22)
A Song or Psalm of Asaph. Keep not thou silence, O God: hold not thy peace, and be not still, O God. For, lo, thine enemies make a tumult: and they that hate thee have lifted up the head. They have taken crafty counsel against thy people, and consulted against thy hidden ones. (Psa 83:1-3)
To the chief Musician, A Psalm of David. Hold not thy peace, O God of my praise; For the mouth of the wicked and the mouth of the deceitful are opened against me: they have spoken against me with a lying tongue. (Psa 109:1-2)
The LORD shall go forth as a mighty man, he shall stir up jealousy like a man of war: he shall cry, yea, roar; he shall prevail against his enemies. I have long time holden my peace; I have been still, and refrained myself: now will I cry like a travailing woman; I will destroy and devour at once. (Isa 42:13-14)
H2814
I have long time holden my peace; I have been still, and refrained myself: now will I cry like a travailing woman; I will destroy and devour at once. (Isa 42:14)
And of whom hast thou been afraid or feared, that thou hast lied, and hast not remembered me, nor laid it to thy heart? have not I held my peace even of old, and thou fearest me not? (Isa 57:11)
For Zion’s sake will I not hold my peace, and for Jerusalem’s sake I will not rest, until the righteousness thereof go forth as brightness, and the salvation thereof as a lamp that burneth. (Isa 62:1)
Our holy and our beautiful house, where our fathers praised thee, is burned up with fire: and all our pleasant things are laid waste. Wilt thou refrain thyself for these things, O LORD? wilt thou hold thy peace, and afflict us very sore? (Isa 64:11-12)
Behold, it is written before me: I will not keep silence, but will recompense, even recompense into their bosom (Isa 65:6)
God’s silence Before Judgment – Ps 35:22, Ps 83:1, Ps 50:3, Ps 50:21, Is 57:11, Is 65:6, Is 42:14, Hab 2:20, Zeph 1:7, Zech 2:13
People are silent on the Day of Judgment – Zeph 1:7, Zech 2:13, Ps 46:10, Ro 3:19, Ro 9:20, Amos 8:3,
Silence (No Fellowship) – Ps 31:17-18, Ps 94:17, Ps 28:1, Ps 115:17-18
- Wicked silent in darkness – 1 Sam 2:9, Ps 115:17, Ps 94:17
- Sing praise to God, not silence – Ps 30:12
- Those silent are ashamed – Ps 31:17
- Israel in judgment – Lam 2:10, Lam 3:28
- Place of judgment – Amos 5:13, Is 15:1, Is 47:15
Because judgment is delayed, men’s hearts are bent on evil ‑ Ecc 8:11, Hab 1:4, Ps 11:3, Ps 119:126, Mk 7:9, Rom 3:31

Hour ‑ time for judgment

Old Testament (H8160 – only 5 occurrences) – Dan 3:6, Dan 3:15, Dan 4:19, Dan 4:33, Dan 5:5 – Points to a time of judgment

New Testament (Gr: hora, 108 occurrences)
Judgment of Christ on the cross ‑ Mk 14:35‑41, Lk 22:14, John 2:4, John 7:30, John 8:20, John 5:25, John 13:1, John 16:21, John 16:32
Hour of Jesus’ betrayal – Mk 14:37, Mat 26:55
Judgment on the world (coming of Christ) ‑ Mat 24:36, Mat 24:42, Mat 24:44, Mat 24: 50, Mat 25:13, Lk 12:39-40, Luke 12:46, Rev 9:15, Rev 11:13, Rev 14:7, Rev 14:15, Rev 17:12, Rev 18:10, Rev 18:17-19, John 5:25‑30, Rev 3:3, Rev 3:10
Healing at that hour – Mat 8:13, Mat 9:22, Mat 15:28, Mat 17:18, John 4:53, Lk 7:21, Acts 16:18
When delivered, what we say will be given to us – Mat 10:19, Mat 15:28, Mk 13:11, Mat 24:42
Miraculous bread – Mat 14:15
‘Two hours’ – Great is Diana of the Ephesians – Acts 19:34
‘One hour’ – 4:19, Mat. 20:12, Mat 26:40, Mark 14:37, Luke 22:59, Rev. 17:12, 18:10, Rev 18:17, Rev 18:19
Hour is a type of the entire Christian era – 1 John 2:18 (‘Last time’ literally, hour) – Ro 13:11, John 16:2, John 16:4, John 16:25, (see also Jude 18) – refers the church age
Hour is smallest denomination of measured time other than ‘moment’
- Hour, month, day, year – Rev 9:15
- Hour, day – Mat 20:6, Mat 20:12, Mat 24:36, Mat 24:50, Mat 25:13, Mar 13:32, Luk 12:46, Joh 1:39, Joh 4:52, Joh 11:9, Act 2:15, Act 10:3, Act 10:30, Act 16:18, Rev 9:15.
- 1 Cor 15:52 – twinkling of an eye is not measured
- Affliction but for a moment, for an eternal weight of glory – 2 Cor 4:17
- Moment (H7281, rega – 22 occurrences)
- Moment of Judgment – Ex 33:5, Num 16:21, Num 16:45, Ps 6:10, Jer 18:7, Eze 26:16. Eze 32:10
- Moment of grace – Ezr 9:8
- Try him every moment – Job 7:18
- Joy of hypocrite for a moment – Job 20:5
- Moment – go down to the grave – Job 21:13
- In a moment they shall die, troubled at midnight – Job 34:20
- His anger is for a moment, his favor is life – Ps 30:5
- Desolation within a moment – Ps 73:19
- Hide, my people for a moment, until indignation is past – Ps 26:10
- Forsaken for a moment, but with great mercies will I gather thee, hid face for a moment, but with everlasting kindness have mercy – Is 54:7-8
- The Lord waters it at every moment – Is 27:3
- Loss of children widowhood in a moment – Is 47:9
- Destruction in a moment – Jer 4:20
- Destroy in a moment, build in a moment – Jer 18:7-9

Sodom overthrown in a moment – Lam 4:6

Half

Points to division – judgment and salvation
Rev 8:1 – Gr: semiorion (only occurrence)
- God’s patience in Judgment – 2 Pet 3:3-9, Ex 34:6, Num 14:18, Ps 78:38, Ps 86:15, Ps 103:8, Ps 145:8, Ro 15:5, Nah 1:3, Neh 9:17, Joel 2:13, Rev 6:10
God is not slack – Isa 46:13, Hab 2:3, Luk 18:7-8, Heb 10:37
- New Testament (G2256, hemiorion – 1 occurrence – Rev 8:1)
- Silence precedes the blowing of trumpets in Rev 8:1-2
  - Feast of trumpets was 1^st day of 7^th month – onset of 2^nd half of the year – Lev 23:23-25, Num 29:1-6, Ezra 3:6, Ps 81:1-4, Ps 98:6, Is 27:13
  - New Covenant signified a change – Advent of Jesus Christ
- Half – (G2255, hemisu – 5 occurrences)
  - Mk 6:3 – ½ of Herod’s kingdom
  - Rev 11:9, Rev 11:11 – 2 witnesses’ bodies lie in the street for 3 and ½ days (Great Tribulation)
  - Rev 12:14 – woman flies into wilderness for 3 ½ times (church age)
  - James 5:17 / Lk 4:25 (see also Rev 11:6) – 3 years, 6 months – Elijah’s drought / 2 witnesses have power over rain
- Old Testament (H2677, chetsiy, literally half, middle – 125 occurrences)
- Occurrences involving time:
  - Ex 12:29 – Firstborn of Egypt killed at midnight
  - Josh 10:13 – Sun stood still in the midst (half) of heaven and did not go down for a whole day
  - Jud 16:3 – Samson arises at midnight and carries away the gate and 2 posts of the gate
  - Ruth 3:8 – Boaz finds Ruth at his feet at midnight
  - Psa 102:24 – O my God, take me not away in the midst of my days – Messianic Psalm
  - Jer 17:11 – rich cut off in midst of days
  - Dan 9:27 – midst of the ‘week’ – Church Age versus Great Tribulation
  - Dan 12:7 – Holy people scattered for 3 ½ times
    - Chaldee, H6387, pelag – Dan 7:25 – dividing of time
  - ½ of Blood Moses sprinkled on altar, ½ of blood in bowls sprinkled on the people – Num 24:6-8
  - Blessings and cursings – half on Mt. Gerizim, half on Mt. Ebal – Deut 27-28, Josh 8:33
  - Half tribe of Manasseh on each side of the Jordan – Josh 22:7-21, 1Ch 5:18, 1Ch 5:23, 1Ch 5:26, 1Ch 6:61, 1Ch 6:70, 1Ch 6:71, 1Ch 12:31, 1Ch 12:37, 1Ch 26:32, 1Ch 27:20, 1Ch 27:21
  - David’s servants – ½ beards, ½ clothes cut off – 2 Sam 10:4
  - David’s people in thirds and half to die – 2 Sam 18:3
  - Half of people of Israel – 2 Sam 19:40
  - Solomon to divide child in half – 1 Ki 3:25 (Judgment)
  - Half of Solomon not told to Queen of Sheba – 1 Ki 10:7, 2 Chr 9:6
  - Man of God – ½ of house – 1 Ki 13:8
  - Israel divided in 2 parts – 1 KI 16:21
  - Half of Manahethites – 1 Chr 2:52-54
  - Nehemiah – ½ of people a prevalent theme – Neh 3:9, Neh 3:12, Neh 3:16, Neh 3:17, Neh 3:18, Neh 4:6, Neh 4:16, Neh 4:21, Neh 12:32, Neh 12:38, Neh 12:40, Neh 13:24.
  - Esther to be granted ½ of kingdom – Est 5:3, Est 5:6, Est 7:2
  - Idols – Burned ½ in fire, ½ eat flesh – Is 44:15-19
  - Israel did not commit ½ sins of Judah – Eze 16:51
  - Great Tribulation – Half of Jerusalem into captivity, but remnant not cut off – Zech 14:2
  - of Olives – ½ to east, ½ to west – Zech 14:4
  - New Jerusalem – ½ of waters to former sea, half to hinder – Zech 14:8
  - Stairs (dial) of Ahaz – went back 10 steps (degrees) – Is 38:3, 2 Ki 20:9-11
    - 15 degrees of Psalms (Ps 121-134) – went back 2/3 – see Zech 13:8-9

Imminency of God’s Judgment

Things which will take place shortly ‑ Rev 1:3, Ro 16:20, Lk 18:8, Rev 1:19, Rev 2:16, Rev 3:10‑11, Rev 10:6, Rev 22:6, Rev 22:12, Rev 22:20, Rev 6:9‑11, 1 Cor 10:11, Lk 18:7, Ro 16:20, 1 Pet 4:7, Ro 13:11f, 1 Cor 7:29f, Heb 9:26, 10:37, Phil 4:5, Mat 26:64, James 5:8‑9, 1 John 2:18 ‑ in priciple, life is short on this earth
Already in the last Days ‑ Acts 2:16‑21, Heb 1:1‑2, 1 Cor 10:11, 1 Pet 1:20, 2 Tim 3:1 (last hour ‑ 1 John 2:18, end of ages ‑ 1 Cor 10:11)
Day as a 1000 years ‑ 2 Pet 3:8, Ps 90:4
After death, the Judgment ‑ Heb 9:27

Judgment Begins with the Church of God

1 Pet 4:17, 1 Cor 11:17‑34, 1 Cor 5:12, 1 Cor 2:15, 1 Cor 14:29, 1 Cor 6:1‑6, Titus 2:8, Gal 2:11
Chastening of God ‑ Heb 12:5-10, Pr 3:11-12, Ps 39:7-11
Refiner’s fire (saved as through fire) – Is 48:10 (furnace of affliction), Zech 13:8-9, Mal 3:2-3, Isa 1:25-26, Job 23:10, Psa 66:10, Pro 17:3, Jer 9:7, Eze 20:38, Eze 22:18-22, Zec 13:8-9, Mal 3:2-3, Heb 12:10-11, 1Pe 1:6-7, 1Pe 4:12-18, Rev 3:19, Is 4:4, 1 Cor 3:13-15, Jude 23, Is 6:6-8, Dan 3:19-25
Baptized with Holy Spirit and fire – Mat 3:11, Lk 3:16
- Baptized with Holy Spirit – 3:11; 28:19; Mark 1:8; Luke 3:16; John 1:33; Acts 1:5; 2:38; 10:47; 11:16.
Cloven tongues of fire – Acts 2:3-4 – points to the Word of judgment
- The voice of the Lord divides the flames of fire – Ps 29:7
- Ps 39:3 – My heart was hot within me, while I was musing the fire burned: then spake I with my tongue
- Ps 78:21, Ps 105:39 – at night, Israel led by the light of fire
- If thine enemy be hungry, give him bread to eat; and if he be thirsty, give him water to drink: For thou shalt heap coals of fire upon his head, and the LORD shall reward thee. (Pro 25:21-22, see also Ro 12:20-21)
- Two-edged sword (Rev 1:16, Heb 4:12 – dividing of soul and spirit)
- For we are unto God a sweet savor of Christ, in them that are saved, and in them that perish: To the one we are the savor of death unto death; and to the other the savor of life unto life. And who is sufficient for these things? (2Co 2:15-16)
Holy Spirit comes to convict of sin, righteousness, and judgment – John 16:7-11
Elders rule – 1 Pet 5:2, 1 Tim 5:17
Church has the keys to the kingdom – Mat 16:18-19, Mat 18:15-20, John 20:23, Mat 19:28, Mk 10:28-31, Lk 18:28-30, Lk 22:30, Rev 3:21, Rev 4:4
Church to judge those insider the church – 1 Cor 2:14-15, 1 Cor 5:9-13, 1 Cior 6:2-5, James 3:1, 1 Pet 4:17, Gal 2:11, Titus 2:8, 1 Cor 14:29, 1 Cor 11:27-31
Persecution (proving)
- Gr: dioke, diogimos (44 occurrences)
- By those in the church – Mat 5:10-12, 10:23, 23:34, Lk 11:49, 21:12, John 5:16,15:20, Acts 7:52, 9:4-5, 22:7-8, 26:14-15, 22:4, 26:11, 1 Cor 15:9, Gal 1:13,23, Phil 3:9, Acts 8:1, Gal 4:29, Rev 12:13, 1 Thess 2:15 w/Acts 17:5,13 (also 2 Thess 1:4), Acts 13:42,46,50, Gal 5:11, 6:12, 2 Tim 3:11-12, 13:50, 14:2,19
- Cannot keep us from Christ – Ro 8:35
- Takes pleasures in – 2 Cor 12:10
- Persecution because of the Word – Mat 13:21, Mk 4:17
- Receive children and lands – Mk 10:30
- But not forsaken – 2 Cor 4:9
- Bless them that persecute – Ro 12:14
- Pray for those who persecute you – Mat 5:44
Spiritual killing of Christians
- Christians die daily – Mat 24:9, 2 Cor 1:9, 2 Cor 4:10-12, 2 Cor 6:9, 2 Cor 7:3, Ro 8:35-39, James 5:6, 1 John 3:15, 1 Cor 4:9, 1 Cor 15:31, Mat 5:21-22, Hab 1:2-4, James 2:9-11, Ps 94:1-7, Ps 44:22, Rev 6:9, Mk 8:35
- Lose life for Christ – Lk 9:24, Mat 10:39, Mk 8:35
- Old Testament ‘violence’ – persecution of the righteous – Hab 1:2,9, Ob 10, Pr 16:29, Joel 3:19, Gen 27:41, Ez 25:12, Amos 1:11, Jer 20:8, Ps 11:5, Mat 24:9
  - Innocent blood – 2 Ki 24:4, Jer 22:17
- Christians Have Been Crucified w/ Christ – Gal 2:20, Gal 5:24, Gal 6:14, Ro 6:2, Ro 6:6
- Christians are living sacrifices – Ro 12:1-2, 1 Pet 2:5, Heb 13:15

Seven Angels given 7 Trumpets (Rev 8:2,6)

And I saw the seven angels which stood before God; and to them were given seven trumpets. (Rev 8:2)

And the seven angels which had the seven trumpets prepared themselves to sound.

(Rev 8:6)

Seven

7 – Perfection of purpose ‑ see notes on Rev 1:4‑5, Rev 5:1

Angels

Lit: messengers
Angels in Revelation
- Revelation signified by and angel of Jesus Christ – Rev 1:1, Rev 22:6, Rev 22:8, Rev 22:16
- The angels to the 7 churches – Rev 1:20, Rev 2:1, Rev 2:8, Rev 2:12, Rev 2:18, Rev 3:1, Rev 3:7, Rev 3:14
- The Fathers angels (many around throne) – Rev 3:5, Rev 5:11, Rev 7:11, Rev 14:10
- Strong angel pronounces the Lamb is worthy to open the Book – Rev 5:2
- 4 angels at 4 corners of earth, holding back the four winds – Rev 7:1
- Angel ascending from the east with the seal of God – Rev 7:2
- 7 angels with 7 trumpets – Rev 8:2, Rev 8:6-12, Rev 9:1, Rev 9:13-14, Rev 11:15
- Angel with golden censer at golden altar of prayers – Rev 8:3-5
- Angel flying through the midst of heaven with a loud voice – Rev 8:13
- Angel of the bottomless pit (Abaddon / Apollyon) – Rev 9:11
- Four angels bound in the Euphrates to slay 1/3 of men – Rev 9:14-15
- Mighty angel with 7 thunders – Rev 10:1, Rev 10:5-10
- Angel commands John to measure the temple of God – Rev 11:1
- Michael and his angels fought against the dragon and his angels – Rev 12:7-9
- 3 angels with everlasting gospel, announcement of Babylon’s fall, and warning of the wrath of God – Rev 14:6-10
- Angel calls for the time to reap the earth – Rev 14:15
- Angel with a sharp sickle – Rev 14:17-19
- Angel with power over fire commands angel to reap the earth – Rev 14:18
- 7 angels with 7 last plagues (bowls of wrath) and the announcement of Babylon’s doom – Rev 15:1, Rev 15:6-8, Rev 16:1-17, Rev 17:1., Rev 17:7, Rev 21:9 (shows the Bride of Christ)
- Angel that lights the earth with glory – Rev 18:1
- Mighty angel with a great millstone – Rev 18:21
- Angel standing in the sun – announces supper of the great God – Rev 19:17
- Angel comes down from heaven to bind Satan – Rev 20:1
- 12 angels at the 12 gates of New Jerusalem – Rev 21:12
- Measure of a man , that is of an angel – Rev 21:17
Points to the bringing of the Gospel – see notes on angels as messengers of the Gospel – Rev 1:16

Trumpet

Summary:
- Alarm for war – 1 Cor 14:8, Neh 4:19‑20, Num 10, Jud 3:27, Jud 7:8‑22, Josh 6, Jer 4:5, Jer 4:19‑21, Jer 6:1, Jer 6:17, Jer 51:27, Zeph 1:16, Heb 12:19, Rev 8:2, Rev 11:15, Jud 7:19, Eze 33:3-6
- Last Trump – Judgment Day / Gathering of the Elect ‑ 1 Cor 15:52 (last trumpet), 1 Thess 4:16, Mat 24:31, Is 27:13, Zech 9:14, Joel 2:1, Joel 2:15
  - OT symbols of Judgment Day ‑ Ex 19:16 (shophar), Ex 19:13 (Yobel), Is 27:13 (shophar), Ps 47:5 (shophar)
  - Jericho – Josh 6:1-20 – 1^st 6 days circled city once, 7 preists blowing trumpets with the ark following them. On 7^th day, circle city 7 times, blow trumpets on the 7^th circle – city walls fell flat with a great shout. (Total of 13 circles, 7 blasts on the trumpets, 7 preists with 7 trumpets).
- Feast of Trumpets – Lev 23:23-25, Num 29:1-6 (signified 2^nd half of the year)
- Shout on Day of Atonement (beginning of Jubilee) – Lev 25:9
- Blow trumpet at full moon and new moon ‑ Ps 81:3 (i.e. festival that points to Christ)
- Loud voice to declare transgression ‑ Is 58:1
New Testament – (Gr: salpigx, G4536, G4537, G4538) – total 24 occurrences
- Angels come with a trumpet to gather the elect – Mat 24:31
- Trumpet points to a preparation for battle – 1 Cor 14:8
- Last trump – return of Christ, saints raised in glory – 1 Cor 15:52, 1 Thess 4:16
- God’s voice as a trumpet (Word of God) – Heb 12:19 (Ex 19:16-19), Rev 1:10, Rev 4:1
- 7 angels with 7 trumpets – Rev 8:2, Rev 8:6-13, Rev 9:1, Rev 9:13-14,. Rev 10:7, Rev 11:15
- Do not sound a trumpet when giving alms – Mat 6:2
- Trumpeters in Babylon – Rev 18:22
Old Testament:
H3104 (Heb: yobel – 27 occurrences) – Jubilee
- Jubilee – Lev 25:10-13 (4), Lev 25:15, Lev 25:28 (2), Lev 25:30-31 (2), Lev 25:33, Lev 25:40, Lev 25:50, Lev 25:52, Lev 25:54, Lev 27:17-18 (3), Lev 27:21, Lev 27:23-24 (2), Num 36:4
- Fall of Jericho – Jos 6:4-6, Jos 6:8, Jos 6:13
- Signified Jubilee ‑ Lev 25:9‑10 w/ Josh 6:5 (Heb: Yobel), Josh 6 (Heb: shophar)
- Trumpet – God’s voice on Mt. Sinai – Ex 19:13
H7782 (Heb: shophar – 72 occurrences) – curved horn
- Symbolized voice (God’s) – trumpet – Ex 19:16, Ex 19:19, Ex 20:18
- Trumpet of the Jubilee – Lev 25:9
- 7 Trumpets of the 7 priests – Jericho fall – Josh 6:4-9, Josh 6:13, Josh 6:16 (Lord has given you the city), Josh 6:20
- Ephraim – Ehud blew trumpet, children of Israel went down from the mount – Jud 3:27
- Spirit of the Lord came upon Gideon and he blew a trumpet – Jud 6:34
  - Men took their trumpets – Jud 7:8
  - 300 men with trumpets – Jud 7:16-22
- Saul blew trumpet (war) – let the Hebrews hear – 1 Sam 13:3
- Joab blew a trumpet (war) – 2 Sam 2:28, 2 Sam 18:16 (held back the battle)
- David brought ark with sound of a trumpet – 2 Sam 6:15, 1 Chr 15:28
- Absalom’s trumpet that he reigns – 2 Sam 15:10
- Sheba blows trumpet for war against David – 2 Sam 20:1
- Sheba’s head cut off – trumpet blew – 2 Sam 20:22
- Solomon anointed king – trumpet blows – 1 Ki 1:34, 1 Ki 1:39, 1 Ki 1:41
- Announcement of Jehu as king – 2 Ki 9:13
- Asa’s reforms – 2 Chr 15:14
- Rebuilding of the temple, trumpet to alarm for war – Neh 4:18-20
- Related to warfare – Job 39:24-25
- God goes up with a shout, sound of a trumpet (warfare) – Ps 47:5
- Trumpet at new moon, time appointed on solemn feast day – Ps 81:3
- Make a joyful noise – Ps 98:6, Ps 150:3
- Hearing of God’s word – Is 18:3
- The last day – great trumpet blown – Is 27:13
- Lift up voice as a trumpet, show people their sins – Is 58:1
- Call for battle, alarm / warning for war – Jer 4:5, Jer 4:19, Jer 4:21, Jer 6:1, Jer 6:17, Jer 42:14, Eze 33:3-6, Hos 5:8, Hos 8:1, Joel 2:1, Joel 2:15, Amos 2:2, Amos 3:6, Zeph 1:16, Zech 9:14
- Judgment of Babylon – Jer 51:27
H8643 (Heb: teruah – sound / blowing of a trumpet) – 36 occurrences
- Feast of Trumpets – Lev 23:24, Num 29:1
- Trumpet of Jubilee on 7^th month, 10^th day (Day of Atonement) – Lev 25:9
- Numbers 10:1-10 (2 silver Trumpets)
  - Both blown – Congregation gathers at tent of the meeting
  - 1 blown – elders assemble
  - Blow 1^st alarm – East camps set out – Num 10:5
  - Blow 2^nd alarm – South camps set out – Num 10:6
  - Alarm – for war
  - Day of gladness, feast, 1^st of the month – blow over sacrifice and offerings
- Shout of a king is with Israel – Num 23:21
- Moses sent them to war – Num 31:6
- Jericho – Josh 6:5, Josh 6:20
- Ark of the Lord comes into camp – 1 Sam 4:5-6, 2 Sam 6:15, 1 Chr 15:28
- Warning not to fight with the Lord – 2 Chr 13:12
- Asa’s reforms – 2 Chr 15:14
- Praised the Lord – Ezr 3:11-13
- Fill lips with ‘rejoicing’ – Job 8:21
- See God’s face with ‘joy’ – Job 33:26
- Warfare – Job 39:25
- Sacrifices of ‘joy’ – Ps 27:6
- Play skillfully with a ‘loud noise’ – Ps 33:3
- ‘Joyful sound’ – Ps 89:15
- Praise Him … upon ‘high sounding’ cymbals – Ps 150:5
- Alarm for war – Jer 4:19, Jer 20:16, Jer 49:2, Eze 21:22, Amos 1:14, Amos 2:2, Zeph 1:16
H2689 / H2690 (Heb: chatsar) – 35 occurrences
- Blow trumpets before the ark of the Lord / brought into the temple – 1 Chr 15:24, 2 Chr 5:12-13, 2 Chr 7:6
- Priests sound the trumpet before battle – 2 Chr 13:14
- Hezekiah restores temple worship – 2 Chr 29:26-28
- Numbers 10:1-10 (2 silver Trumpets)
  - 2 silver trumpets – Num 10:2 (calling of the assembly and journeying)
  - Both blown – Congregation gathers at tent of the meeting – Num 10:7-8
  - 1 blown – elders assemble
  - Blow 1^st alarm – East camps set out – H8643
  - Blow 2^nd alarm – South camps set out – H8643
  - Alarm – for war – Num 10:9
  - Day of gladness, solemn days, feast, 1^st of the month – blow over sacrifice and offerings – Num 10:10
- Moses sends to war – Num 31:6
- Overthrow of Athaliah – 2 Ki 11:14, 2 Chr 23:13
- Trumpets for the house of the Lord – 2 Ki 12:13
- Transport of the ark – 1 Chr 13:8
- Blow trumpets before the ark of the Lord / brought into the temple camp – 1 Chr 15:24, 2 Chr 5:12-13, 1 Chr 15:28, 1 Chr 16:6, 1 Chr 16:42, 2 Chr 20:28
- Warning not to fight with the Lord, but with the Lord – 2 Chr 13:12-14
- Asa’s reforms – 2 Chr 15:14
- Foundation of the temple/ rebuilt walls – Ezr 3:10, Neh 12:35, Neh 12:41
- Praise of God – Ps 98:6
- Judgment / war – Hos 5:8
  - Spiritual warfare:
- Battle of the kingdoms – spiritual battle, not physical – Mat 10:34-36, Lk 12:51-53
- Satan pursues the woman in the wilderness – Rev 12:7-17
- Biting and devouring in the church – Gal 5:15, Gal 5:26; 1 Cor 1:11, 1 Cor 3:3-4, 1 Cor 4:6-8, 1 Cor 11:16-19, 2Sa 2:26-27; Isa 9:20-21, Isa 11:5-9, Isa 11:13; 1Co 3:3, 1Co 6:6-8; 2Co 11:20; 2Co 12:20; Jas 3:14-18, Jas 4:1-3, 1 Pet 2:1, Eph 4:31-32
- Killing by words / tongue – Mat 5:21-22, Pr 11:9, Ro 3:13-15, Jer 9:3, 18:18, Ps 140:3, Ro 3:13, James 3:8, Pr 18:21, Ps 52:4, Ps 57:4, Ps 59:7, Ps 64:3, Ps 120:2, Rev 2:10
- Weapons are not of the flesh, but spiritual (not a political battle) – Eph 6:11-12, Phil 3:20, Mat 24:7, Is 42:6-7, Eph 2:6, 1 Pet 2:5-11,20ff, Mat 16:15-19, Lk 2:14, Hos 1:7, 2 Tim 2:4, 2 Cor 10:3f, Eph 2:19, Mk 8:31-33, 1 Pet 1:1, Rev 1:6, Heb 13:14, Col 1:13, John 18:36-37, Col 3:1-4, Lk 12:14, Mat 10:34, 2 Tim 2:16, Mk 12:17, Ps 73:25, Zech 9:9, Lk 22:36, Ro 12:1-2, Lk 12:13ff, Mat 5:38f, 1 Cor 6:1-8, Hos 8:9, 7:11, Ro 13
- Fight the good fight – 1 Tim 1:18, 1 Tim 6:12, 2 Tim 4:7, 1 Cor 9:25, Phil 1:30
- Soldier – 2 Tim 2:4, 1 Cor 9:7
- War – spirit versus the flesh – Gal 5:17, Ro 8:5-11, 2 Cor 10:3, 1 Tim 1:18
- Flesh wages war against the soul – 1 Pet 2:11, James 4:1, Ro 7:23
- Christians die daily – Mat 24:9, 2 Cor 1:9, 2 Cor 4:10-12, 2 Cor 6:9, 2 Cor 7:3, Ro 8:35-39, James 5:6, 1 John 3:15, 1 Cor 4:9, 1 Cor 15:31, Mat 5:21-22, Hab 1:2-4, James 2:9-11, Ps 94:1-7, 44:22, Rev 6:9, Mk 8:35
- Old Testament ‘violence’ – persecution of the righteous – Hab 1:2,9, Ob 10, Pr 16:29, Joel 3:19, Gen 27:41, Ez 25:12, Amos 1:11, Jer 20:8, Ps 11:5, Mat 24:9
  - Innocent blood – 2 Ki 24:4, Jer 22:17
- Christians Have Been Crucified w/ Christ – Gal 2:20, Gal 5:24, Gal 6:14, Ro 6:2, Ro 6:

The Altar of Incense in Heaven (Rev 8:3-5)

And another angel came and stood at the altar, having a golden censer; and there was given unto him much incense, that he should offer it with the prayers of all saints upon the golden altar which was before the throne.

(Rev 8:3)

And the smoke of the incense, which came with the prayers of the saints, ascended up before God out of the angel’s hand.

(Rev 8:4)

And the angel took the censer, and filled it with fire of the altar, and cast it into the earth: and there were voices, and thunderings, and lightnings, and an earthquake.

(Rev 8:5)

Altar

Place of sacrifice – Amos 9:1, Gen 8:20, Ex 17:15, Ex 27:1‑5, Ex 31:8‑9
Altar of burnt offering is brass – Ex 27:1-2. Exo 35:16, Exo 38:4, Exo 38:30, Exo 39:39, Num 16:39, 1Ki 8:64, 2Ki 16:14, 2Ki 16:15, 2Ch 1:5, 2Ch 1:6, 2Ch 7:7, Eze 9:2, 2 Chr 4:1
Altar of incense is gold – Ex 30:1-3, Exo 40:5, Num 7:84, 1Ki 6:20, 1Ki 6:22, 1Ki 7:48, 1Ch 28:18.
Altar of incense ‑ Ex 30:1‑9, Num 4:11, Heb 9:4, Rev 8:3-5, Rev 9:13, Ex 35:8‑28, Ex 37:25‑29, Ex 40:5, Ex 40:27, Lev 10:1
- Sacrifice of praise – Heb 13:15
- Day of Atonement – Lev 16:12-13
Altar in Revelation
- Rev 6:9 – souls under altar – those slain for the Word of God
- Rev 8:3-5 – golden altar in heaven – prayers of the saints
- Rev 9:13 – voice from the 4 horns of the golden altar
- Rev 11:1 – measure temple of God and the altar
- Rev 14:18 – angel from the altar with power of fire
- Rev 16:7 – another angel saying true and righteous are Your judgments

Golden

Great value ‑ 1 Pet 1:7, Job 28:16, Zeph 1:18, Ps 127, Ps 119:72, Ps 19:7-10, Is 13:12, Pr 16:16, Pr 8:10, Pr 8:19, Pr 3:13-15, etc.
Altar of Incense was gold ‑ Ex 30:1-3, Exo 40:5, Num 7:84, 1Ki 6:20, 1Ki 6:22, 1Ki 7:48, 1Ch 28:18
- Altar of incense made of refined gold – 1 Chr 28:18
Pray Continually
- Without Ceasing – 1Th 5:17, Col 1:9, Rom 1:8-9, Eph 1:16, Act 12:5)
- Pray Always – Col 1:3-4, Eph 6:18, Job 27:10, Acts 10:1-2, Lk 21:36, Lk 18:1-8
- Be Watchful in prayer – 1 Pet 4:7, Eph 6:18, Col 4:2
- Continue in prayer – Col 4:2, Ro 12:12, Acts 1:14, Acts 2:42, Acts 6:4
- Wait all the day – Ps 25:5
- Evening, morning and noon – Ps 55:16-17, Dan 6:10-13
- Daily – Ps 86:3
- Night and Day – Lk 2:37, 1 Tim 5:5
- Jacob wrestled all night – Gen 32:24-26

Censors

Censors were gold – Heb 9:3-4
Eze 10:2, Eze 8:11, Lev 16:12, Num 16:6, Num 16:17‑18, Num 16: 37‑46, Heb 9:4, Lev 10:1, Ex 25:38, Ex 37:23, Ex 38:3, Num 4:9, 2 Ki 25:15, Jer 52:19

Incense ‑ see notes on Rev 5:8

Smoke develops soothing aroma to God
Portrait of prayer ‑ Ps 141:2, Is 60:6, Lk 1:10, Rev 5:8, Rev 6:9, Ex 30:8, Lk 1:7-13, Rev 8:3-5, Is 1:13
Important – Pr 15:8, 1 Thess 5:17, Eph 6:18, James 5:16, Pr 15:29, Ps 17:1, etc
Imprecatory Psalms
- Major Imprecatory Psalms – Ps 69, Ps 109
- Other imprecatory Psalms – Ps 5, Ps 6, Ps 11, Ps 12, Ps 35, Ps 37, Ps 40, Ps 52, Ps 54, Ps 55, Ps 56, Ps 58, Ps 79, Ps 83, Ps 137, Ps 139, and Ps 143

Smoke

Signifies eternal judgment / torment of hell – Is 34:10, Rev 14:11, Rev 18:9, Rev 18:18, Rev 19:3
- Smoking furnace between divided sacrifice – Gen 15:17
- Sodom and Gomorrah – Gen 19:28
- Sinai – giving of the law – Ex 19:18
- God’s jealousy against wicked – Deut 29:20
- Smoke of Ai – Josh 8:20-21
- Smoke rising up from the city (a sign) – Jud 20:38-40
- Smoke went out of His nostrils – 2 Sam 22:9, Job 41:20, Ps 18:8
- Enemies of the Lord, like smoke they perish – Ps 37:20
- Smoke driven away – perish in the presence of God – Ps 68:2
- Will your anger smoke against the sheep of His pasture – Ps 74:1
- My days go up like smoke – Ps 102:3
- God touches the hills and they smoke – Ps 104:32
- Like a wineskin in the smoke, do not forget God’s precepts – Ps 119:83
- The Lord touches the mountains and they become like smoke – Ps 114:5
- Like smoke to the eyes, so is the lazy person to those who send him – Pr 10:26
- Christ – comes out of wilderness like pillars of smoke – Song 3:6
- Zion a cloud and smoke by day, flaming fire by night – Is 4:5
- House of the Lord filled with smoke – Is 6:4
- Wickedness burns like fire – rolls upward like the lifting of smoke – Is 9:18
- A smoke from the north comes upon Philistia – Is 14:31
- Name of the Lord comes from far burning with His anger and lifting up of smoke – Is 30:27
- Judgment Day – Smoke goes up forever – Is 34:10
- Heavens shall vanish away like smoke – Is 51:6
- These are smoke in God’s nose that burns all day – Is 65:5
- Judgment – as smoke out of the chimney – Hos 13:3
- Wonders in the heavens – blood and fire and pillars of smoke – Jer 2:30, Acts 2:19
- Lord will burn Nineveh’s chariots in the smoke – Nah 2:13
- Incense smoke with the prayers of the saints ascend up before God – Rev 8:4
- Smoke out of the bottomless pit that darkens the sun and the air; locusts come out of the smoke – Rev 9:2-3
- Out of the horses come fire and smoke and brimstone (1/3 part killed) – Rev 9:17-18
- Judgment day – smoke of torment goes up forever – Rev 14:11
- Temple filled with smoke from the glory of God – no one could enter temple until judgment done – Rev 15:8
- Smoke of Babylon’s burning – Rev 18:9, Rev 18:19
- Hallelujah – smoke rose up forever – Rev 19:3

Before the Throne

In tabernacle, before holy place ‑ Heb 9:4

Before the throne (location of Holy Spirit, God’s People and Prayer altar):

And out of the throne proceeded lightnings and thunderings and voices: and there were seven lamps of fire burning before the throne, which are the seven Spirits of God. (Rev 4:5)
And before the throne there was a sea of glass like unto crystal: and in the midst of the throne, and round about the throne, were four beasts full of eyes before and behind. (Rev 4:6)
The four and twenty elders fall down before him that sat on the throne, and worship him that liveth for ever and ever, and cast their crowns before the throne, saying … (Rev 4:10)
After this I beheld, and, lo, a great multitude, which no man could number, of all nations, and kindreds, and people, and tongues, stood before the throne, and before the Lamb, clothed with white robes, and palms in their hands … And all the angels stood round about the throne, and about the elders and the four beasts, and fell before the throne on their faces, and worshipped God … Therefore are they before the throne of God, and serve him day and night in his temple: and he that sitteth on the throne shall dwell among them. (Rev 7:7,9,11,15)
And another angel came and stood at the altar, having a golden censer; and there was given unto him much incense, that he should offer it with the prayers of all saints upon the golden altar which was before the throne. (Rev 8:3)
And they sung as it were a new song before the throne, and before the four beasts, and the elders: and no man could learn that song but the hundred and forty and four thousand, which were redeemed from the earth … And in their mouth was found no guile: for they are without fault before the throne of God. (Rev 14:3,5)

Angel’s hand

God’s will ‑ see notes on Rev 1:16

Censer filled with fire of altar

Is 6:6‑7, Lev 16:12, Ro 12:20, 2 Ki 6:22 (used for cleansing), Num 16:46-47
- Major Imprecatory Psalms – Ps 69, Ps 109
- Other imprecatory Psalms – Ps 5, Ps 6, Ps 11, Ps 12, Ps 35, Ps 37, Ps 40, Ps 52, Ps 54, Ps 55, Ps 56, Ps 58, Ps 79, Ps 83, Ps 137, Ps 139, and Ps 143

Fire cast to earth (judgment from heaven)

Eze 10:2, Eze 1:13, Ps 18:10‑13, Ps 97:1‑6, Ps 120:4, Ps 140:10, Ps 11:6, Is 28:2, Is 6:6, Ro 12:20
- Elijah to pray – 1 Ki 18:42
- Elijah – 2 Ki 1:10-14
- Disciples asked Jesus – Lk 9:54
- Judgment on Ephraim – Is 28:2
- Beauty of Israel cast down from heaven to earth – Lam 2:1
- Pharaoh / multitude of Egypt to the nether parts of the earth – Eze 31:16, Eze 32:18
- Censer filled with fire – Rev 8:5
- Hail and fire mingled with blood – Rev 8:7
- Satan’s tail drew 1/3 of stars of heaven to the earth – Rev 12:4
- Satan and his angels – Rev 12:9, Rev 12:13

Thunder – what is heard – see notes on Rev 4:5, Rev 6:1

Flashes of lightning, Peals of thunder ‑ Rev 8:5, Rev 11:19, Rev 16:17‑18, Ex 19:16, Ex 20:18, Ps 18:13‑14, Heb 12:18‑29
God’s voice – Ex 19:19, Ps 29:3, Job 26:14, Job 37:5, Job 36:29, Job 37:5, Job 40:9
- God’s voice in judgment – Ps 18:13, 1 Sam 7:10
God answers with thunder ‑ Ex 19:19, Ps 81:7, Ex 20:18
Thunder ‑ power ‑ Job 26:14, judgment ‑ Is 29:6, 1 Sam 7:10, Ex 9:23‑34, Ex 19:16
Thunder ‑powerful ‑ Job 26:14, 37:2‑5, (see also Ps 29!)
That which causes the waters to flee – Ps 104:7
That which makes the earth tremble / shake – Ps 77:18
Punishment / judgment – Ps 29:6
Lord thunders against Philistines – 1 Sam 7:10

Lightning – what is seen – see notes on Rev 4:5

Flashes of lightning, Peals of thunder ‑ Rev 8:5, 11:19,16:17‑18, Ex 19:16, 20:18, Ps 18:13‑14, Heb 12:18‑29
Judgment ‑ Is 29:6, 1 Sam 7:10, Ex 9:23‑34, Ex 19:16, 1 Ki 18:23‑25, 2 Ki 6:17
Lightning ‑ Quickness of Christ coming in judgment ‑ Lk 17:24, Mat 24:27, Job 37:3, 38:35
Satan fell as lightning ‑ Lk 10:18
Sword gives off light (flash) like lightning – Eze 21:10, Eze 21:145, Eze 21:28
Arrows of God ‑ Ps 18:14, Ps 144:6
That which makes world tremble ‑ Ps 77:18
Brings light ‑ Job 37:15, Dan 10:6
Angels clothing ‑ Mat 28:3
Associated with rain ‑ Ps 135:7, Jer 10:13, Jer 51:6
That which scatters ‑ Ps 144:6

Earthquake ‑ see notes on Rev 6:12

Summary
- Earthquake – Gr: seismos (G4578 – 14 occurrences, G4579 (seio) – 5 occurrences) – Earthquakes point to God’s judgment
- Freeing of Paul from Philippian jail – Acts 16:26
- Earthquake caused a tempest on the sea (which Jesus calmed) – Mat 8:24
- Great Tribulation – Mat 24:7, Mk 13:8, Lk 21:11
- The Last Day (Judgment day) – Rev 16:18 (the Greatest earthquake), Rev 11:13, Rev 11:19, Rev 6:12
- The announcement of the 7 trumpets (church age, Great Tribulation and the Last Day_ – Rev 8:5
- Rolling of tombstone away of Jesus’ grace – Mat 28:2
- People shook when angel appeared to them at tomb – Mat 28:4
- God will shake the earth and heaven – Heb 12:26
- Jerusalem was moved when Jesus came – Mat 21:10
- Earth quaked when Jesus Christ was put to death – Mat 27:51
- Stars fell from heaven as a fig tree shaken – Rev 6:13
- G4531 (Gr: saleuo – 15 occurrences – to shake)
- God’s voice shook the earth – Heb 12:26
- Things shaken removed, but those things remain which cannot be shaken – Heb 12:27 (Ex 19:18)
- House could not be shaken – Lk 6:48
- Will not be moved, because of God – Acts 2:25
- Do not be shaken in mind – 2 Thess 2:2
- Philippian prison shaken – Acts 16:26
- Powers of heaven to be shaken – Lk 21:25, Mat 24:29, Acts 13:25
- After prayer, place shaken – Acts 4:31
Old Testament – Earth shaken – 1 Sam 14:15, 1 Ki 19:11-12, Amos 1:1
- Mt Sinai – Ex 19:18
Judgment Day – Is 29:6, Joel 2:10, Nah 1:5, Zech 14:5, Eze 38:19-20, Joel 3:16, Hag 2:6-7, Hag 2:21-22
Whole creation groans – Ro 8:18-22
Whole creation fell due to Adam’s Sin – Hos 4:3, Gen 7:21-22, 19:24-25, Ex 12:29, Deut 20:16, 1 Sam 15, Jonah 4:11, Gen 3:17, Jer 12:4
Christians cannot be shaken / moved – Heb 12:26-28, Lk 6:48, 1 Cor 15:58, Rth 1:18; Psa 55:22, Psa 78:8, Psa 78:37, Psa 112:6; Col 1:23, Col 2:5; 1Th 3:3; Heb 3:14; 2Pe 3:17-18
- G1476 – Gr: hedraios (lit: sedentary – steadfast, settled, grounded) – 1 Cor 15:58, 1 Cor 7:37, Col 1:23
- G949 / G950 / G951 – Gr: bebaios (lit: stable – firm, confirmed, established) – Rom 4:16, 2Co 1:7, Heb 2:2, Heb 3:6, Heb 3:14, Heb 6:19, Heb 9:17, 2Pe 1:10, 2Pe 1:19, Mar 16:20, Rom 15:8, 1Co 1:6, 1Co 1:8, 2Co 1:21, Col 2:7, Heb 2:3, Heb 13:9, Php 1:7, Heb 6:16
- G4731 / G4732 / G4733 – Gr: stereo (lit: stiff – establish, solid, confirm sure) – 2Ti 2:19, Heb 5:12, Heb 5:14, 1Pe 5:9, Act 3:7, Act 3:16, Act 16:5, Col 2:5

First Four Trumpets – Trials during the Church Age (Rev 8:7-12)

1/3

Ordinal Number versus fraction
Greek: G5154 (tritos) – 57 occurrences
- 14 occurrences – Jesus raised on the ‘third day’ – Mat 16:21, Mat 17:23, Mat 20:19, Mat 27:64, Mar 9:31, Mar 10:34, Luk 9:22, Luk 13:32, Luk 18:33, Luk 24:7, Luk 24:21, Luk 24:46, Act 10:40, 1Co 15:4
- Third day (other) – marriage in Cana – John 2:1
- Third hour of the day – Mat 20:3, Acts 2:15
- Third in a list (marriage of 7 brothers) – Mat 22:26, Mk 12:21, Lk 20:31
- Jesus prayed third time – Mat 26:44, Mk 14:41
- Jesus crucified the third hour of the day – Mk 15:25
- Third watch of the night – Lk 12:38
- Third messenger wounded – Lk 20:12
- Pilate tried to release Jesus – Lk 23:22
- Jesus appears third time after resurrection – John 21:17
- Fell from third loft – Acts 20:9
- Third hour of the night – Acts 23:23
- Third day on the ship – Acts 27:19
- Thirdly teachers – 1 Cor 12:28
- Third heaven – 2 Cor 12:2
- Paul’s third time coming to Corinth – 2 Cor 12:14, 2 Cor 12:31
- Third beast – Rev 4:7
- Third seal – Rev 6:5
- Third – Rev 8:7-12 (12 occurrences)
- Slay third part of men – Rev 9:15, Rev 9:18
- Third woe – Rev 11:14
- Third part of stars – Rev 12:4
- Third angel – Rev 14:9, Rev 16:4
- Third precious stone – Rev 21:19
Fraction – third part of a group of people or angels
- Daniel was the third ruler in Babylon – Dan 5:7, Dan 5:16, Dan 5:29
- Third part of mankind – Rev 9:15, Rev 9:18
- Third part of the stars (demons) – Rev 12:4
- Third part in the land will be purified – Zech 13:8‑9:
  - And it shall come to pass, that in all the land, saith the LORD, two parts therein shall be cut off and die; but the third shall be left therein. And I will bring the third part through the fire, and will refine them as silver is refined, and will try them as gold is tried: they shall call on my name, and I will hear them: I will say, It is my people: and they shall say, The LORD is my God. (Zec 13:8-9)
- Eze 5:2, Eze 5:12 – 1/3 to be scattered to the wind, from which the remnant would be regathered
- Israel a third in land to be a blessing with Egypt and Assyrian – Is 19:24
- 2 Ki 1:2-17 – only one third of the captains of 50 were not consumed by fire
- 1/3 of the guard of King Joash – 2 Ki 11:4-7, 2 Chr 23:4 -9 (1/3 guarded the king)
- 1/3 of the sons of Eliab did not rebel against Moses – Num 26:9
- David kept 1/3 of Moabites alive to be his servants – 2 Sam 8:2
- 1/3 part of trees burnt up – Rev 8:7 (1^st trumpet)
- 1/3 part of the sea became blood – Rev 8:8, 1/3 creatures in sea died and 1/3 of ships destroyed – Rev 8:9 (2^nd trumpet)
- 1/3 of rivers became wormwood (bitter) – Rev 8:10-11 (3^rd trumpet)
- 1/3 of sun, moon and stars struck, light 1/3 – Rev 8:12 (4^th trumpet)
Remnant of Believers ‑ Ro 11:5, 2 Ki 19:4, Ro 9:27, Is 10:22

1^st Trumpet – Persecution / Suffering of Christians

The first angel sounded, and there followed hail and fire mingled with blood, and they were cast upon the earth: and the third part of trees was burnt up, and all green grass was burnt up. (Rev 8:7)

Cast unto the earth

Elijah to pray – 1 Ki 18:42
Judgment on Ephraim – Is 28:2
Beauty of Israel cast down from heaven to earth – Lam 2:1
Pharaoh / multitude of Egypt to the nether parts of the earth – Eze 31:16, Eze 32:18
Censer filled with fire – Rev 8:5
Hail and fire mingled with blood – Rev 8:7
Satan’s tail drew 1/3 of stars of heaven to the earth – Rev 12:4
Satan and his angels – Rev 12:7-9, Rev 12:13

Hail and Fire (see also Rev 11:19, Rev 16:21) – cleansing of church

Hail:
- NT – Gr: chalazo – 4 occurrences
Rev 8:7 – mixed with fire
Judgment Day – Rev 11:19, Rev 16:21 (2)
- OT – Heb: barad (H1259) – also, H1258 – total 34 occurrences
- That which comes from heaven to destroy man’s works ‑ Eze 13:11, Hag 2:17, Is 28:2, Is 28:17, Is 32:19, Is 30:30
- Sweeps away lies ‑ Is 28:17
- From heaven – judgment on the Amorites – Josh 10:11
- 7^th plague on Egypt – Exo 9:18, Exo 9:19, Exo 9:22, Exo 9:23, Exo 9:24, Exo 9:25, Exo 9:26, Exo 9:28, Exo 9:29, Exo 9:33, Exo 9:34, Exo 10:5, Exo 10:12, Exo 10:15
- Plagues of Egypt – Ex 9:13-35 (Ps 78:47-48, Ps 105:32)
- Not complete judgment – Ex 10:5,12,15
- No hail in Goshen – Ex 9:26
- Day of battle and distress – Job 38:22-23
- Judgment on Ephraim and Judah – Isa 28:2, Isa 28:17
- Prophets – Isa 32:19, Hag 2:17, Jos 10:11, Isa 30:30, Eze 13:11, Eze 13:13, Eze 38:22
- Ps 18:12-13 – Word of God (2-edged sword) – judgment on David’s enemies
- Hail signifies day of battle and distress – Job 38:22-23
- Fire and hail praise the Lord – Ps 148:8

Fire
Fire mixed with hail – Ex 9:24
Judgment from heaven ‑ Lk 9:54, Lk 17:29, Gen 19:24, Lev 9:24, Lev 10:1-2, Jud 6:21, 1 Chr 21:26, 2 Chr 7:1, Job 1:16, Deut 29:23, 1 Ki 18:36-38, 2 Ki 1:10-14, Ps 11:6, Ps 18:10‑13, Ps 97:1‑6, Ps 140:10, Ps 11:6, Is 28:2, Rev 8:5, Rev 13:13, 2 Thess 1:7-8
Persecution – proving
- Gr: dioke, diogimos (44 occurrences)
- By those in the church – Mat 5:10-12, 10:23, 23:34, Lk 11:49, 21:12, John 5:16,15:20, Acts 7:52, 9:4-5, 22:7-8, 26:14-15, 22:4, 26:11, 1 Cor 15:9, Gal 1:13,23, Phil 3:9, Acts 8:1, Gal 4:29, Rev 12:13, 1 Thess 2:15 w/Acts 17:5,13 (also 2 Thess 1:4), Acts 13:42,46,50, Gal 5:11, 6:12, 2 Tim 3:11-12, 13:50, 14:2,19
- Cannot keep us from Christ – Ro 8:35
- Takes pleasures in – 2 Cor 12:10
- Persecution because of the Word – Mat 13:21, Mk 4:17
- Receive children and lands – Mk 10:30
- But not forsaken – 2 Cor 4:9
- Bless them that persecute – Ro 12:14
- Pray for those who persecute you – Mat 5:44
Chastening of God ‑ Heb 12:5-10, Pr 3:11-12, Ps 39:7-11
Refiner’s fire (saved as through fire) – Is 48:10 (furnace of affliction), Zech 13:8-9, Mal 3:2-3, Isa 1:25-26, Job 23:10, Psa 66:10, Pro 17:3, Jer 9:7, Eze 20:38, Eze 22:18-22, Zec 13:8-9, Mal 3:2-3, Heb 12:10-11, 1Pe 1:6-7, 1Pe 4:12-18, Rev 3:18-19, Is 4:4, 1 Cor 3:13-15, Jude 23, Is 6:6-8, Dan 3:19-25, Is 48:10
Judgment begins with the house of God – 1 Pet 4:17
- 1 Peter – theme is Christian suffering
Baptized with Holy Spirit and fire – Mat 3:11, Lk 3:16
- Baptized with Holy Spirit – 3:11; 28:19; Mark 1:8; Luke 3:16; John 1:33; Acts 1:5; 2:38; 10:47; 11:16.
Cloven tongues of fire – Acts 2:3-4 – points to the Word of judgment
- The voice of the Lord divides the flames of fire – Ps 29:7
- Ps 39:3 – My heart was hot within me, while I was musing the fire burned: then spake I with my tongue
- Ps 78:21, Ps 105:39 – at night, Israel led by the light of fire
- If thine enemy be hungry, give him bread to eat; and if he be thirsty, give him water to drink: For thou shalt heap coals of fire upon his head, and the LORD shall reward thee. (Pro 25:21-22, see also Ro 12:20-21)
- Two-edged sword (Rev 1:16, Heb 4:12 – dividing of soul and spirit)
- For we are unto God a sweet savor of Christ, in them that are saved, and in them that perish: To the one we are the savor of death unto death; and to the other the savor of life unto life. And who is sufficient for these things? (2Co 2:15-16)
Holy Spirit comes to convict of sin, righteousness, and judgment – John 16:7-11

Mixed with Blood

Sea of glass mixed with blood – Rev 15:2 (see notes on Rev 4:6)
Pilate mixed blood of Galileans with sacrifices – Lk 13:1
Blood from heaven (from Christ) – Heb 9:7-25, Heb 13:11-12, Heb 13:20, Eph 1:7, Eph 2:13, Col 1:14, Col 1:20
Jesus as an example of suffering – Heb 12:3-4
Blood of prophets found in Babylon (Satan’s kingdom) – Rev 18:24, Rev 16:6, 2 Ki 9:7, Mat 23:30, Lk 11:50
Life is in the blood ‑ Lev 17:11,14, Gen 9:4, Heb 9:22 (see Rev 1:5 )
Cleansed by blood ‑ Rev 7:14, Rev 22:14, Heb 9:14
Sprinkled with His blood ‑ 1Pet 1:2, Heb 10:22, Heb 12:24, Heb 9:19
Blood of Christ sanctifies ‑ Heb 13:12
Redeemed by blood (no remission of sin without shedding of blood) ‑ 1 Pet 1:17‑19, Rev 5:9, Col 1:14, John 6:48‑58, Eph 1:7, Heb 9:22
Taking of life ‑ judgment ‑ Rev 14:20, 16:3:6, Acts 20:26, Is 34:3‑7, Is 59:3‑7, Ps 79:10, Ps 94:21, Ps 105:29, etc
Blood of saints ‑ Rev 16:6, Rev 17:6, Rev 18:24
Blood sprinkled – 12:7, Ex 24:8, Lev 4:6, Num 19:4, Heb 11:28, Heb 12:24; 1 Pet 1:2
Innocent blood – De. 19:10; 1 S. 19:5; 1 K 2:31; 2 K 21:16; Ps. 94:21; Is. 59:7; Lam. 4:13; Jl. 3:16; Jonah 1:14; Mt. 7:24;
Forbidden to be eaten – Ge. 9:4; Le. 3:17, 7:26; De 12:16; 1S. 14:34; Ac. 15:20
Upon men – 2 Sam 1:16, Jer 2:34, Luke 11:50; Acts 5:28, 18:6
Of sacrifices – typifies the blood of Christ:
- Sheltering- Ex. 12:13
- Atoning- Ex. 30:10; Le. 17:11

Liberating- Zec. 9:11
Securing Pardon-He. 9:7
Cleansing- He. 9:22

Earth (lit: land)

Probably points to promised land – Ez 34:13, 36:24, 37:21, Is 43:5-6, Heb 11:9,13-16, Gen 12:1ff, Num 14:8, Mat 28:18, 3:17, etc
Ultimate inheritance is new heavens, new earth (i.e. all the land) – Ro 4:13, Rev 21:1-2, 2 Pet 3:13, Is 66:17,22, Ro 8:21, Gen 13:14-15, Gen 17:8, Jer 27:5, etc.
Earth (G1093, Gr: ge, 252 occurrences – refers to the land which is where people reside) – no direct references elsewhere to a ‘4^th part’
Land points to ‘promised land’ – Ro 4:13, Eze 34:13, Eze 36:24, Eze 37:21, Is 43:5‑6, Heb 11:9, Heb 11:13‑16, Gen 12:1-7, Gen 13:14-15, Gen 17:8, Jer 27:5, Num 14:8, Mat 28:18, Mat 3:17, Ps 37:29, Heb 3:6-Heb 4:10, etc
- Ultimate inheritance is new heavens, new earth (i.e. all the land) ‑ Ro 4:13, Rev 21:1‑2, 2 Pet 3:13, Is 66:17,22, Ro 8:21, Gen 13:14‑15, 17:8, Jer 27:5, etc
- Earth is cursed – Gen 3:17-19, Jer 12:4, Ro 8:18‑25, Hos 4:3, Gen 7:21‑22, Gen 19:24‑25, Eze 12:29, Deut 20:16, 1 Sam 15, Jonah 4:11
- Adam and Eve driven out of the Garden of Eden – Gen 3:23-24

Trees

God’s people – Ps 1:1, Ps 52:8, Ps 92:12, Pr 11:30, Is 1:30, Is 61:3, Jer 11:16, Jer 17:8, Mat 12:33
God’s people as cedars by the water – Num 24:6, Ps 92:12, Eze 17:1-3Hos 14:5-6, Eze 17:22-23
Trees often refer to people ‑ Ps 1:3, Is 55:12, 1 Chr 16:33, Ps 92:12‑14, Eze 31:3‑9, Eze 19:10, Jer 17:8, Is 60:13, Mat 3:10
That which provides fruit of good works – Mat 3:10, 7:18-19, 12:33, 6:43-44, Jude 12, Ps 1:3
God’s servants – Jer 11:19, Zech 4:3, Zech 4:11, Rev 11:4, Is 56:3
Kingdoms – Eze 17:24, Eze 31:1-18, Dan 4:10-14, Dan 4:20-26, Hos 14:6-8, Zech 11:1-2, Lk 23:31, Ro 11:24
Also represents eternal life (John 14:6, Mat 13:32, Pr 13:12, Gen 2:9, Gen 2:24, Rev 2:7, 22:2,14,19, Pr 3:18, Pr 11:30, Pr 13:12, Pr 15:4, Eze 17, Eze 31:4‑18, Eze 47:12)
That which provides fruit of good works ‑ Mat 3:10, 7:18‑19, 12:33, 6:43‑44, Jude 12, Ps 1:3
Trees with fruit withered ‑ know a tree by its fruit ‑ Mat 12:33, 7:16‑20, Lk 6:44, James 3:12, Ps 1:3, 92:14
Wicked people judged – Job 15:33, Job 24:20, Ps 37:35-36, Ps 52:5
Kingdom of heaven – Mat 13:32, Lk 13:19
False teachers – Mat 7:17-19, Lk 6:43-44, Jude 12
Gr: Dendron – 26 occurrences (G1186) – Mat 3:10, Mat 7:17, Mat 7:18, Mat 7:19, Mat 12:33, Mat 13:32, Mat 21:8, Mar 8:24, Mar 11:8, Luk 3:9, Luk 6:43, Luk 6:44, Luk 13:19, Luk 21:29, Jud 1:12, Rev 7:1, Rev 7:3, Rev 8:7, Rev 9:4.

‘Green’ grass – points to humans that are subject to the inevitability of death

Gr: chloros (green) – points to inevitable death (man’s brevity on earth)
- Mk 6:39, Rev 8:7, Rev 9:4 – all refer to ‘green’ grass
  - Green grass – that which dies – all flesh, death is inevitable – man’s brevity/vanity – Is 40:6-8, Is 51:12, James 1:10-11, Ps 90:5-6, Ps 103:15-16, 1 Pet 1:24, Rev 8:7, Rev 9:4
  - Where the saved are – Mk 6:39, Is 44:1-4
  - God’s common grace – Ps 104:14, 147:8
  - Wicked wither / judgment – Is 37:27, Is 15:6, Ps 37:2, Ps 92:7, Ps 102:4, Ps 102:11, Ps 129:6, Deut 29:23, 1 Pet 1:24, James 1:10-11
  - Where the Gospel lands – Pr 19:12, 2 Ki 19:26
- Old Testament (H3418, 6 occurrences, Heb: yereq)
  - Gen 1:30 – every green herb for food
  - Gen 9:3 – even as green herb is given for food, so now all that moves on earth
  - Ex 10:15 – locusts ate all green herbs
  - Ps 37:2 – evildoers will wither as the green herb
  - Is 15:6 – Judgment on Moab – no green thing
  - Num 22:4 – Israel to lick up all the grass of Moab

Burnt up – Died – see notes on spiritual killing of Christians – Rev 8:1 notes

2nd Trumpet – Satan’s Kingdom Battles the Church

And the second angel sounded, and as it were a great mountain burning with fire was cast into the sea: and the third part of the sea became blood;

(Rev 8:8)

And the third part of the creatures which were in the sea, and had life, died; and the third part of the ships were destroyed.

(Rev 8:9)

8:8-9 – 2^nd Trumpet – parallel to the 2^nd Horsemen of the Revelation (Rev 6:3-4)

A great mountain (see also Ps 46:2, Mk 9:42) – Satan’s kingdom

Satan’s kingdom – Mat 4:8-10, Eph 2:2, Eph 6:12, John 8:44, John 12:31, John 14:30, John 16:11, Mk 3:22, Lk 11:15, Mat 9:34, Mat 12:24

Babylon ‑ a destroying kingdom ‑ Jer 51:25, burning ‑ Rev 8:8
Babylon – a type of world’s kingdom (Satan’s) – Is 14:4ff, Dan 4, Rev 17-18
King of Babylon is Satan – Is 14:3-23
Dan 2 – Golden head which is exists throughout time
Represents kingdoms / cities ‑ Rev 17:9‑10, Is 2:2, Rev 13:4, Rev 6:14‑16, Micah 4:1‑8, Zech 4:7, Is 2:14, etc.
God’s kingdom ‑ Ex 19:23, Is 11:19, Ps 43:3, Is 24:23,27:13, 56:7, 66:20, Is 2:1‑4, Micah 4:1‑3, Is 30:29, 65:11,25, Heb 12:22, Dan 2:35,
God’s mountain is the chief of mountains ‑ Ps 68:16, Is 2:1‑5, Micah 4:1
- A place of righteousness and spiritual refuge ‑ Ps 87:1, Ps 133:1, 2 Pet 1:18, Eze 6:2‑3, Is 2:2‑3, Heb 8:5, Heb 12:18‑22, Gal 4:24‑25, Is 49:11, Acts 1:12, Acts 7:30, Acts 7:38, John 4:20‑21, 6:3,15, Joel 3:18, Ps 36:6, Ps 76:4
- Where the law goes forth from – Micah 4:2, Is 2:3
- Mountains ‑ where our help comes from ‑ Ps 121:1
Moved mountain ‑ Judgment day ‑ Rev 16:20, Is 2:12‑17, Is 54:10, Is 64:3, Jer 3:23, Jer 4:23‑26, Hab 3:6,10, Nah 1:5, Eze 38:10
Mountains melt at second coming ‑ Micah 1:4, Ps 97:5, Nah 1:5
Move mountains by faith ‑ Mat 17:20, Mat 21:21, Mk 11:23, Lk 3:5, Lk 23:30, 1Cor 13:2

Burning with Fire

Damnation – Rev 21:8, 19:20, Is 47:14, etc
Judgment from heaven ‑ Lk 9:54, 17:29, Gen 19:24, Lev 9:24, 10:1-2, Jud 6:21, 1 Chr 21:26, 2 Chr 7:1, Job 1:16, Deut 29:23, 1 Ki 18:36-38, 2 Ki 1:10-14, Ps 11:6, 18:10‑13, Ps 97:1‑6, 140:10, 11:6, Is 28:2, Rev 8:5, 13:13

Cast into the Sea

Cast (Gr: ballo, to throw) – 125 occurrences
Cast into the sea
- Locusts of Egypt into the sea – Ex 10:19
- Pharaoh’s chariots – Ex 15:4
- Wares of the ship and Job cast into the sea – Jonah 1:5, Jonah 1:12, Jonah 1:15
- Sins cast into the sea – Mic 7:19
- Net cast into the sea – Mat 13:47
- Hook into the sea – Mat 17:27
- Mountain cast into the sea – Mat 21:21, Mk 11:23
- One that offends child of God with millstone – Mk 9:42, Lk 17:2
- Babylon cast into the sea – Rev 18:21
- Peter cast himself into the sea – John 21:7
- Anchors – Acts 27:30
- Wheat into the sea – Acts 27:38
- Cast themselves out of ship, into the sea – Acts 27:43
- Great mountain – Rev 8:8
Satan defeated and cast out of heaven – Rev 12:6-17, Luke 10:17-20, Heb 2:14-15, John 12:29-33. John 16:8-11, Rev 20:1-3, Mat 12:22-29, 1 John 4:4, Mk 3:22-27, Lk 11:17-23, Is 53:7-12
Sea
- Red Sea – type of hell – Ex 10:19, 13:18, 15:4,22, 23:31, Deut 11:4, Josh 2:10, 4:23, 24:6, Ps 106:7-9, Ps 106:22, Ps 136:13‑15, Jer 49:21, Acts 7:36, 1 Cor 10:1,2, Heb 11:29
- Sea is salty – salt points to judgment – Mk 9:49, Deut 29:23, mat 5:13, Jud 9:45, Gen 19:26
- Sea – Gr: Thalassa (92 occurrences):
  - (Sea) Galilee of the Gentiles – Mat 4:15, Mat 4:18,Mat 15:29, Mk 1:16, Mk 7:31
  - Sea of Galilee is the Sea of Tiberias – John 6:1(see also John 21:1)
  - Jesus stills the tempest in the sea – Mat 8:24-27, Mat 14:24-26, Mk 4:39-41, Mk 6:47-49, John 6:16-19
  - Jesus sat by sea and taught – Mat 13:1, Mk 2:13, Mk 3:7, Mk 4:1
  - Kingdom of heaven like a net cast into the sea – Mat 13:47
  - Coin in mouth of fish from the sea – Mat 17:27
  - Millstone – drowned in the sea – Mat 18:6, Mk 9:42, Lk 17:2, Rev 18:21
  - Move mountain into the sea – Mat 21:21, Mk 11:23
  - Move sycamore tree into sea – Lk 17:6
  - Hypocrites compass sea and land to make a proselyte – Mat 23:15
  - Other side of sea – country of Gadarenes – swine rush into sea – mat 8:32, Mk 5:1
  - Pass by ship to other side of sea – Mk 5:21
  - Judgment day – sea and waves roaring – Lk 21:25
  - Other side of the sea – John 6:22, John 6:25
  - Appeared to disciples at the Sea of Tiberias – John 21:1
  - Peter cast himself into sea naked – John 21:7
  - Lord made the heaven, earth and sea – Acts 4:24, Acts 14:15
  - Simon a tanner – house by the sea – Acts 10:6, Acts 10:32
  - Paul travels by the sea – Acts 17:14
  - Paul’s shipwreck at sea – Acts 27:30, Acts 27:38, Acts 27:40, Acts 28:4
  - Paul in perils at sea – 2 Cor 11:26
  - Israel numbered as the sand of the sea – Ro 9:27, Heb 11:12
  - Fathers passed through the sea, baptized in the sea (Red Sea) – 1 Cor 10:1-2, Acts 7:36, Heb 11:29
  - He who doubts is like a wave of the sea – James 1:6
  - False teachers, raging waves of the sea – Jude 13
  - Sea of glass – Rev 4:6, Rev 15:2 (victorious people stand on the sea of glass)
  - All creatures including those in the sea praise God – Rev 5:13
  - Holding back 4 winds to not blow on the earth, sea or on any tree – Rev 7:1-3
  - 2^nd trumpet – great mountain burning with fire thrown into the sea – 1/3 part became as blood, 1/3 part in the sea died, 1/3 ship destroyed – Rev 8:8-9
  - Little book (7 thunders) – angel with right foot on sea, left foot on land – Rev 10:2, Rev 10:5-6, Rev 10:8
  - Woe to inhabitants of earth and sea – devil has great wrath – short time – Rev 12:12
  - Beast rises out of the sea (Antichrist) – Rev 13:1
  - Worship Him that made heaven, earth, sea and fountains of waters – Rev 14:7
  - 2^nd bowl of wrath – sea – blood of dead man, all souls died – Rev 16:3
  - Those who trade by sea (merchants) mourn for Babylon – Rev 18:17, Rev 18:19
  - Millstone cast into sea – fallen Babylon – Rev 18:21
  - Those who battle as the sand of the sea – Rev 20:8 (Judgment day)
  - Sea gave up the dead who were in them – Rev 20:13
  - No more sea in the New Heavens and New Earth – Rev 21:1
- ‘Sea’ before the Holy Place in Solomon’s Temple – 1 Ki 7:30, 1 Ki 7:23-44, 2 Ki 16:17, 2 Ki 25:13, 2 Chr 4:1-6, 2 Chr 4:14-15, 2 Chr 6:13
  - The Bronze Laver before the Holy Place – Ex 30:17-21, Ex 30:26-28, Ex 31:9, Ex 35:16, Ex 38:8, Ex 39:39, Ex 40:11, Ex 40:30, Lev 8:11
  - Wash feet and hands – Ex 30:19-21
  - Laver anointed – Ex 30:26-28, Ex 40:11, Lev 8:11
  - Contributions for the laver – Ex 35:16
  - Washings – Exo 19:10; Exo 29:4; Exo 29:17; Exo 30:18; Exo 30:19; Exo 30:20; Exo 30:21; Exo 40:12; Exo 40:30; Lev 1:9; Lev 1:13; Lev 6:27; Lev 9:14; Lev 16:4; Lev 16:24; Lev 16:26; Lev 16:28; Num 19:7; Num 19:8; Num 19:10; Num 19:19; Num 19:21; 2Ch 4:6; Psa 26:6; Psa 51:2; Psa 51:7; Psa 58:10; Luk 7:38; Joh 9:7; Joh 9:11; Joh 13:5; Joh 13:6; Joh 13:8; Joh 13:10; Joh 13:14; Act 22:16, Heb 6:2, Heb 9:10
- Sea often points to damnation – Ps 78:53, Ps 106:10-11, Rev 15:2, Ex 38:8, 1 Ki 7:23, Ps 124:3-5
- Hell involves the sea (Jonah 2:1-5 w/ Mat 12:39-41, Lk 11:29-32, Gen 6-9 w/ Mat 24:37-39, Lk 17:27, Ps 18:16-17, Ps 136:15, Ps 32:6, Ps 93:3-4, Ps 46:1-3, Ps 69:1-3, Ps 69:13-15, Ps 124:1-5, Ps 144:7-8, Job 22:11, Hos 5:10, Rev 13:1)
- Pharaoh’s Army destroyed in the Sea – Ex 14:23-31, Exo 15:10; Deu 11:4; Neh 9:11; Psa 78:53; Hab 3:8-10, Hab 3:13; Heb 11:29

Blood – see above on Rev 8:7 – Persecution of Christians

Blood of saints ‑ Rev 16:6, Rev 17:6, Rev 18:24
Blood of prophets found in Babylon (Satan’s kingdom) – Rev 18:24, Rev 16:6, 2 Ki 9:7, Mat 23:30, Lk 11:50
Life is in the blood ‑ Lev 17:11,14, Gen 9:4, Heb 9:22 (see Rev 1:5 )
Taking of life ‑ judgment ‑ Rev 14:20, 16:3:6, Acts 20:26, Is 34:3‑7, Is 59:3‑7, Ps 79:10, Ps 94:21, Ps 105:29, etc
Blood of saints ‑ Rev 16:6, Rev 17:6, Rev 18:24
Innocent blood – De. 19:10; 1 S. 19:5; 1 K 2:31; 2 K 21:16; Ps. 94:21; Is. 59:7; Lam. 4:13; Jonah 1:14; Mt. 7:24;

Creatures with Life (i.e., fish)

Creatures in the sea – see Rev 5:13 (all praise God)
Life – Gr: psuche (G5590) – literally – soul – all ‘creatures’ have souls (e.g., Gen 1:21)
Fish
- Representative of all that lives in the sea – Gen 1:26, Gen 1:28, Gen 9:2, Num 11:22, Deut 4:18, 1 Ki 4:33 (a major class of creatures along with beastgs, fowl, creeping things), Eze 38:20, Eze 47:10 (kinds of fish), Hos 4:3, Zeph 1:3, 1 Cor 15:39
- Representative of all that lives in the rivers – Ex 7:18, Ex 7:21
- Egyptian plague – Ex 7:18, Ex 7:21, Ps 105:29
- Food in Egypt – Num 11:5
- Not to make idols of fish – Deut 4:18
- Fish gate in Jerusalem – 2 Chr 33:14, Neh 3:3, Neh 12:39, Zeph 1:10
- Those of Tyre brought fish – Neh 13:16
- Fish of the sea shall declare (witness of creation) – Job 12:8
- Fish spear – Job 41:7
- Made man a little lower than angels, to have dominion over fish – Ps 8:8
- Fish caught in an evil net similar to the timing of man’s death – Ecc 9:12
- Eyes like fish pools – Son 7:4
- Ponds for fish – Is 19:10
- God has control of drying up the sea so the fish stink – Is 50:2
- Fish of Egypt stick to their scales – Eze 29:4-5
- Fish shall shake at God’s coming – Eze 38:20
- Fish taken away – judgment – Hos 4:3, Zeph 1:3
- Posterity taken away with fish hooks – Amos 4:2
- If one asks God for a fish, would He give them a serpent – Mat 7:10
- Symbolic
  - Represents all people ‑ Mat 13:47‑50, Hab 1:14‑17, Jer 16:16, Amos 4:2, Eze 29:4, Eze 38:4, 2 Ki 19:28, Eze 29:4-5
  - Represents those being saved ‑ Mat 4:18‑19, Mk 1:16‑17, John 21:6‑11, Lk 5:6‑9, Jer 16:16
    - Healing of the rivers – many fish – Eze 47:9-10
  - Fishers of men – Is 19:8, Jer 16:16, Mat 4:18-19 (Peter and Andrew), Mk 1:16-17, Lk 5:2-9
  - Jonah in the belly of a great fish 3 days and 3 nights – Jonah 1:7, Jonah 2:1, Jonah 2:10
  - 5 loaves and 2 fishes – Mat 14:17-19 (fish represent those who bring Gospel), Mk 6:38-43, Lk 9:13-16, John 6:9-11
  - Few little fish – feeding of 4000 – Mk 15:34-36, MK 8:7
- Tax money in mouth of fish – Mat 17:27
- If son asks for a fish, will father give him a serpent – Lk 11:11
- Piece of fish given to Jesus after resurrection – Lk 24:42
- Simon went fishing after resurrection – John 21:3-13
- Fish is different flesh than men, beasts and birds – 1 Cor 15:39

Died – see notes on spiritual killing of Christians – Rev 8:1 notes

Christians die daily – Mat 24:9, 2 Cor 1:9, 2 Cor 4:10-12, 2 Cor 6:9, 2 Cor 7:3, Ro 8:35-39, James 5:6, 1 John 3:15, 1 Cor 4:9, 1 Cor 15:31, Mat 5:21-22, Hab 1:2-4, James 2:9-11, Ps 94:1-7, Ps 44:22, Rev 6:9, Mk 8:35
Lose life for Christ – Lk 9:24, Mat 10:39, Mk 8:35
Old Testament ‘violence’ – persecution of the righteous – Hab 1:2, Hab 1:9, Ob 10, Pr 16:29, Joel 3:19, Gen 27:41, Ez 25:12, Amos 1:11, Jer 20:8, Ps 11:5, Mat 24:9
- Innocent blood – 2 Ki 24:4, Jer 22:17
Christians Have Been Crucified w/ Christ – Gal 2:20, Gal 5:24, Gal 6:14, Ro 6:2, Ro 6:6
Christians are living sacrifices – Ro 12:1-2, 1 Pet 2:5, Heb 13:15

Ships – Gr: ploion

Often represents church ‑ Acts 27, John 21:3-6, Mat 14:13‑33, Gen 6‑9, John 6:17‑21, Mk 8:10‑14, Mk 6:32‑54, Rev 8:9
- Where Christ preached from – Mk 4:1, Mk 3:9, Mat 13:2, Lk 5:3
- Seashore – where Jesus taught – Mk 2:3, Mat 13:2, Mk 4:1
- Ships – that which crosses the sea – Mat 15:39, Mk 8:10, Acts 27
- Noah in the ark represents place of safety from the sea – Gen 6-9
- Where fishing is done – Fishers of men – Is 19:8, Jer 16:16, Mat 4:18-22 (Peter and Andrew), Mk 1:16-17, Lk 5:2-9, John 21:3-8
- Those who do merchandising – Ps 107:23-24, Rev 18:9, Rev 18:17-19, Eze 27:9, Eze 27:25-29, Is 23:1-3, Is 23:14
Ships bring God’s sons from afar with their gold and silver – Is 60:9
God makes a path in the sea, a path in the mighty waters – Is 43:16
Do business in the sea, see God’s great works – Ps 107:23-24
Jonah to escape from preaching Gospel to Nineveh – Jonah 1:6
Virtuous woman who brings food from afar ‑ Pr 31:14, Pr 30:19
Messengers go forth in ships – Eze 30:9, Is 18:1-2
Shipwreck – reject faith – 1 Tim 1:19, Acts 27
Destroy (G1311, diaphtheiro (6 occurrences), also G1322, diaphthora (6 occurrences) – to rot thoroughly, corruption
- Sell that ye have, and give alms; provide yourselves bags which wax not old, a treasure in the heavens that faileth not, where no thief approacheth, neither moth (Luk 12:33)
- For which cause we faint not; but though our outward man perish, yet the inward man is renewed day by day. (2Co 4:16)
- Perverse disputings of men of corrupt minds, and destitute of the truth, supposing that gain is godliness: from such withdraw thyself. (1Ti 6:5)
- And the third part of the creatures which were in the sea, and had life, died; and the third part of the ships were destroyed. (Rev 8:9)
- And the nations were angry, and thy wrath is come, and the time of the dead, that they should be judged, and that thou shouldest give reward unto thy servants the prophets, and to the saints, and them that fear thy name, small and great; and shouldest destroy them which destroy the (Rev 11:18)
- Because thou wilt not leave my soul in hell, neither wilt thou suffer thine Holy One to see (Act 2:27)
- He seeing this before spake of the resurrection of Christ, that his soul was not left in hell, neither his flesh did see (Act 2:31)
- And as concerning that he raised him up from the dead, now no more to return to corruption, he said on this wise, I will give you the sure mercies of David. (Act 13:34)
- Wherefore he saith also in another psalm, Thou shalt not suffer thine Holy One to see (Act 13:35)
- For David, after he had served his own generation by the will of God, fell on sleep, and was laid unto his fathers, and saw corruption: (Act 13:36)
- But he, whom God raised again, saw no (Act 13:37)

3^rd Trumpet – Satan’s attack on the Gospel

And the third angel sounded, and there fell a great star from heaven, burning as it were a lamp, and it fell upon the third part of the rivers, and upon the fountains of waters;

(Rev 8:10)

And the name of the star is called Wormwood: and the third part of the waters became wormwood; and many men died of the waters, because they were made bitter.

(Rev 8:11)

Note: 8:10-11 – 3^rd Trumpet – similar to the 3^rd Horsemen of the Revelation (Rev 6:5-6)

Great Star fell From Heaven

Stars represent messengers (angels)
In the Old Testament, the Hebrew word for ‘star’ (H35567, kokab) occurs more than 35 times. In the ln Testament, we find that stars are used to represent the following entities:
The offspring that will come from Abraham, Isaac and Jacob (represents Christians in Gal 3:16, 29, Ro 4:13-16, etc) – Gen 15:5, 22:17, 26:4, Ex 32:13, Deut 1:10, 10:22, 28:62, 1 Chr 27:23, Neh 9:23
The 12 sons of Israel (represents the church of God) – Gen 37:9
Jesus Christ as the Star of Jacob in Balaam’s parable – Num 24:15-17
Those who fought against Sisera in the Song of Deborah and Barak – Jud 5:20
The sons of God (morning stars, i.e., angels) singing – Job 38:7
Entities that God calls by name – Ps 147:4
Those who are to praise God – Ps 148:3
Those who Satan will be exalted over (i.e., bad angels) – Is 14:13 (see Is 14:12 – Lucifer, which literally means ‘brightness’ is the son of the morning)
Those who the ‘little horn’ cast to the ground and stomped on (angels) – Dan 8:10-12
Believers (i.e., those wise people who turn people to righteousness) – Dan 12:1-3
An idol – Amos 5:26
Where a proud person (Edom) exalts himself above – Ob 1:4 (similar to Is 14:13)
Merchants of Nineveh – Nah 3:16
As can be seen from the above list, most of the occurrences of ‘star’ in the Old Testament actually refer to people or angels. The only other occurrences of star in the Old Testament either refer to creation (Gen 1:16, Job 9:7, Ps 8:3, 136:9, Jer 31:35), worshiping the stars (Deut 4:19), the onset of nighttime (Neh 4:21), the falling or loss of stars on judgment day (Job 3:9, Ecc 12:2, Is 13:10, Ez 32:7, Joel 2:10, 3:15 ), the elevated nature of God being over the stars (Job 22:12, 25:5) and those who serve the occult (Is 47:13).
Angels (messengers) symbolized by stars – Rev 1:16, Rev 1:20, Rev 12:4
See Rev 6:13. Rev 1:16, Rev 1:20 notes (star = angel = messenger)
Star – refers to Casting out of Satan (Is 14:12, Lk 10:18)
Satan is an angel – Rev 9:11, Is 14:12 (Lucifer = shining one)
Satan cast out of heaven – Rev 12:6-17 (especially Rev 12:8, Rev 12:13), Lk 10:17-20, Heb 2:14-15, John 12:29-33, John 16:8-11, Rev 20:1-3, Mat 12:22-29, 1 John 4:4, Mk 3:22-27, Lk 11:17-23, Is 53:7-12
Bruised on head/subjection under feet – Heb 1:13, 2:8-15, Heb 10:13, Acts 2:34f, Mk 16:19, Mat 11:27, Mat 22:44, Mat 26:64, Mat 28:18, Ps 8:6, Ps 110:1, Eph 1:22, 1 Cor 15:24-27, Rev 13:3,12-14
Satan bound – Rev 20:1-3, Mat 12:22-29
Satan no longer has access to Heaven/cast out – John 12:31, Lk 10:18, Rev 12:7-12
Satan Judged – John 16:11w/ John 12:31
Originally Satan was a messenger (Lucifer – Is 14:12 = Shining One)
Satan’s Original Condition – Anointed Cherub that Covers – Eze 28:13-16, Is 14

Burning Like a Lamp

Satan comes as an angel of light – 2 Cor 11:3-4, 2 Cor 11:12-15, Is 14:12 (Lucifer)

Lamp – Gr: lampas – see notes on 4:5 (appears to be light – 2 Cor 11:12-15)

Lamp – Gr: lampos (G2985, 9 occurrences) – Mat 25:1-8, Rev 4:5, Rev 8:10, Acts 20:8, John 18:3
Derived from G2989 (lampo, 9 occurrences) – to brightly shine – Mat 5:15-16 (2), Mat 17:2, 2Co 4:6 (2), Act 12:7, Lk 17:24

Burning (Greek: kaio, G2545, 12 occurrences)
- Mat 5:15 – burn a candle, brings forth light
- John the Baptist, a burning and shining light – John 5:35
- Lake of fire, judgment day, eternal hell – Rev 19:20, Rev 21:8, John 15:6
- Judgment – Rev 8:8, Rev 8:10, 1 Cor 13:3
- Disciples hearts burned within them when Christ shared the Scriptures – Luke 24:32
- Sinai burned with fire – Heb 12:18
10 virgins with lamps (5 wise, 5 foolish) – Mat 25:1-8
Lamps of fire among the living creatures (Cherubim) – Eze 1:13
Burning points to judgment – (see notes on Rev 1:14-15, Ps 89:46, Deut 29:23, 2 Ki 22:17, 2 Chr 34:25, John 16:7-13)
- Greek: lampas (9 occurrences in New Testament)
- A torch (e.g., 10 virgins with torches – Mat 25:1-8)
- Greek: lampas (torch) based on lampo (to brightly shine forth)
- Neither do men light a candle, and put it under a bushel, but on a candlestick; and it giveth light unto all that are in the house. Let your light so shine before men, that they may see your good works, and glorify your Father which is in heaven. (Mat 5:15-16)
- For God, who commanded the light to shine out of darkness, hath shined in our hearts, to give the light of the knowledge of the glory of God in the face of Jesus Christ. (2Co 4:6)
- But a certain fearful looking for of judgment and fiery indignation, which shall devour the adversaries. (Heb 10:27)
- Neither do men light a candle, and put it under a bushel, but on a candlestick; and it giveth light unto all that are in the house (Mat 5:15)
- John the Baptist was a burning and shining light – John 5:35
- John beheaded – Mat 14:8-11
- That the trial of your faith, being much more precious than of gold that perishes, though it be tried with fire, might be found unto praise and honor and glory at the appearing of Jesus Christ (1Pe 1:7)

Wormwood – (relates to bitter, Rev 8:10-11))

Wormwood
- Greek: apsinthos (G894) – only occurrences in Rev 8:11
- Hebrew: laanah (H3939) – 6 occurrences (poisonous)
  - Deut 29:17-18 – following other gods and idols – root that bears gall and wormwood
  - Pr 5:4 – adulteress (worship other gods and idols) – end is bitter as wormwood
  - Lam 3:15 – filled with bitterness, drunk with wormwood
  - Lam 3:19 – Jeremiah had misery of gall and wormwood
  - Amos 5:7 – Israel turned judgment into wormwood
  - Amos 6:12 – turned judgment into gall, turned fruit of righteousness into hemlock (wormwood)
- Old Testament Bitterness
  - H4843 (Heb: marar – 16 occurrences)
    - Archers have ‘grieved’ Joseph (attacked) – Gen 49:23
    - Egyptians made lives of Israel bitter in hard bondage – Ex 1:14
    - Obey the Angel, ‘provoke’ Him not – Ex 23:21
    - Naomi ‘grieved’ that the hand of the Lord went out against her – Ruth 1:13
    - Naomi’s name to be called ‘Mara’ – Ruth 1:20
    - Soul of the people ‘grieved’; people spoke of stoning David – 1 Sam 30:6
    - Shumannite woman ‘vexed’ because of her son (Elisha) – 2 Ki 4:27
    - The Almighty ‘vexed’ Job’s soul – Job 27:2
    - Isaiah weeped bitterly because of the spoiling of the daughter of his people – is 22:4
    - Strong drink will be bitter to the people of the earth on Judgment Day – Is 24:9
    - Hezekiah had bitterness in looking for peace – Is 38:17
    - Zion (Jerusalem) is in bitterness due to desolation – Lam 1:4
    - He-goat (Greece) had bitterness against the ram (Medes-Persians) – Dan 8:7
    - King of the south had ‘bitterness’ against king of the north – Dan 11:11
    - House of David, in the spirit of grace, will be in bitterness, for the one that was pierced, in bitterness for the first-born, mourning for his only son – Zech 12:10
  - H4844 (Heb: meror – 3 occurrences)
    - Ex 12:8, Num 9:11 – Passover eaten with bitter herbs
    - Lam 3:15 – Jeremiah filled with bitterness, drunk with wormwood
  - H4845 (Heb: mererah – 1 occurrence)
    - Job 16:13 – Wicked pour out gall
  - H4846 (Heb: merorah – 4 occurrences)
    - Deut 32:32 – Grapes as gall, clusters as bitter
    - Job 13:26 – write bitter things against Job
    - Job 20:14 – gall of asps within him
    - Job 20:25 – sword comes out of gall
  - H4751 (Heb: mar / marah – 38 occurrences)
    - Esau cried bitterly for his lost blessing – Gen 27:34
    - Israel could not drink the waters of Marah because they were bitter – Ex 15:23
    - Test for unfaithful wife – bitter water, bitter water causes a curse, if poisonous to her belly, she shall be cursed – Num 5:18-28
    - Bitter fellows to cause loss of life – Jud 18:25
    - Hannah in bitterness of soul since she was barren – 1 Sam 1:10
    - The bitterness of death – 1 Sam 15:32
    - David gathered men in distress and in bitterness – 1 Sam 22:2
    - Abner to Joab – Bitterness in the latter end – 2 Sam 2:26
    - Bitter in minds as a bear robbed of her cubs – 2 Sam 17:8
    - Mordecai cried with a loud and bitter voice concerning threat to Jews – Est 4:1
    - Light is given to him that is in misery and life unto the bitter in soul – Job 3:20
    - Job complains in bitterness of his soul – Job 7:11, Job 10:1, Job 21:25
    - Workers of iniquity – tongue as a sword, shoot arrows, even bitter words – Ps 64:3
    - Adulterous woman, lips as honey, drip sweet words, but her end is bitter as wormwood, sharp as a two-edged sword – Pr 5:3-4
    - Full soul hates honey, but the hungry soul every bitter thing is sweet – Pr 27:7
    - Give wine to those of a ‘bitter’ spirit – Pr 31:6
    - The woman who has snares and nets, hands as bands is more bitter than death (those that please God will escape, but the sinner shall be taken) – Ecc 7:6
    - Woe to them that call bitter, as sweet and evil, good and good, evil – Is 5:20
    - The ambassadors of peace shall weep bitterly – Is 33:7
    - Hezekiah shall go softly all his years in bitterness of his soul – Is 38:15
    - For peace, Hezekiah had great bitterness – Is 38:17
    - Forsaking Lord is bitterness – Jer 2:19
    - Wickedness is bitter because it reaches unto the heart – Jer 4:18
    - Ezekiel went with bitterness (ate scroll), in the heat of his spirit and the hand of the Lord was strong – Eze 3:14
    - Shipmasters will weep bitterly at fall of Tyre – Eze 27:30-31
    - Bitter day – judgment on Israel – Amos 8:10
    - Chaldeans a bitter and hasty nation – Hab 1:6
    - Day of the Lord, the mighty man shall weep bitterly – Zeph 1:14
  - H4755 (Heb: Mara – only occurrence)
    - Ruth 1:20 – Naomi called herself ‘bitter’ since her sons husband were dead
    - Mary’s of the New Testament – John 19:25, Mk 15:40, Mk 15:47, Mk 16:1, Mat 27:56-61, Mat 28:1
  - H7219 (Heb: rosh – 12 occurrences) – gall
    - Root that bears gall and wormwood – Deut 29:18
    - Grapes of gall, clusters are bitter – Deut 32:32
    - Venon of asps – Deut 32:33
    - Poison of asps – Job 20:16
    - Gall for food (Christ) – Ps 69:21
    - God has given Judah water of gall to drink – Jer 8:14
    - God will feed people with wormwood and water of gall to drink – Jer 9:15
    - Prophets to be fed with wormwood and drink water of gall – Jer 23:15
    - Compassed Jeremiah with gall and travail – Lam 3:5
    - Affliction and misery – wormwood and gall – Lam 3:19
    - Swearing falsely – judgment springs up as ‘hemlock’ – Hos 10:4
    - Turned judgment into ‘gall’, fruit of righteousness into hemlock – Amos 6:12
  - New Testament Bitterness
    - G4087 (Gr: pikraino – 4 occurrences)
      - Husbands not to be bitter towards wives – Col 3:19
      - Waters made bitter by Wormwood – Rev 8:11
      - Belly bitter with scroll – Rev 10:9-10
    - G4088 (Gr: pikria – 4 occurrences)
      - Simon the Sorcerer in the gall of bitterness (thought the gift of God could be bought with money) – Acts 8:23
      - Unsaved mouths full of cursing and bitterness – Ro 3:14
      - Let all bitterness by put away – Eph 4:31
      - Root of bitterness spring up many are defiled – Heb 12:15
        
        Defiled (G3392, see also G3393 and G3394) – defile, polluted, unclean – 7 occurrences
        
        Heb 12:15 – caused by root of bitterness
        
        2 Pet 2:10 – walk after the flesh, in the lust of uncleanness
        
        2 Pet 2:20 – pollutions of the world
        
        Jude 8 – false teachers defile the flesh
        
        Titus 1:15 – them that are defiled nothing pure, mind and conscience are defiled
        
        Jews did not go into Judgment hall since they did not want to be defiled – John 18:28
      - G4089/G4090 (Gr: pikros – 4 occurrences)
        
        Mouth blessing and cursing related to sweet and bitter water – James 3:10-11
        
        Bitter envying in your hearts – James 3:14
        
        Peter wept bitterly due to denying Jesus Christ – Mat 26:75, Lk 22:62
      - Poisonous water – Jer 23:15, Deut 29:18, Jer 8:14, Jer 9:15, Lam 3:19, Mk 16:18, Mat 27:34, Ps 69:21, Ps 140:3, Ps 58:3-4, Amos 6:12, James 3:8, Ro 3:13
      - Mk 16:18 – Christians will not be hurt if they drink something deadly
      - Christ given vinegar mixed with gall on the cross – Ps 69:21, Mat 27:34, Mk 15:23
      - Water of gall given to drink because of sin – Jer 8:14
      - Affliction – Ruth 1:20, Job 3:20, Job 7:11, Job 10:1, Mat 2:18, Jer 31:15-17
      - Bitter weeping:
        
        Peter – Mat 26:75, Lk 22:62
        
        For Tyre – Eze 27:31
        
        Hanna – 1 Sam 2:10
        
        For Christ – Zech 12:10
      - Very bitter weeping – Children no more – Mat 2:18, Jer 31:15-17
      - Bitterness of death – 1 Sam 15:32, Job 21:25
      - Foolish son – Pr 27:25
      - Time for salvation- Jer 31:27-34
      - Israel’s daily life made bitter under hard bondage – Ex 1:14
      - Judgment on wicked – Amos 8:10, Is 24:9, Jer 2:19, 2 Ki 14:26, Deut 32:24, Deut 32:32, Jud 18:25, 2 Sam 2:26, 2 Sam 17:8
      - Mordecai’s desire for salvation of Israel – Est 4:1
      - Jeremiah filled with bitterness – Lam 3:15, Lam 3:19
      - Hezekiah under oppression – Is 38:3, Is 38:14-17
      - That which brings a curse – Num 5:18-27, (see Rev 10:10, Is 38:15-17)
      - Bittersweet scroll – Rev 10:8-10, Eze 2:9-10, Eze 3:1-3. Eze 3:14, Pr 27:7
      - Mourning for Christ – wept bitterly – Zech 12:10, John 10:20-22
      - Bitter water – deceit and oppression (false gospel) – Pr 14:10, Pr 5:4, Ps 64:3, Ro 3:14 with Ps 10:7, Rev 8:11, Eph 4:31, James 3:14, Heb 12:15, Col 3:19, Acts 8:23, Ex 15:23, Ecc 7:26, Is 5:20, Is 24:9, Jer 4:18, Hab 1:6
      - Opposite of sweet (honey, Word of God) – Rev 10:10, Ps 19:10, Ps 119:103, Jud 14:8, Pr 8:11, Pr 24:13-14, Pr 25:16, Song 5:1, Song 4:11, Pr 16:24, Pr 27:7
      - Test for unfaithfulness – Num 5:11-31

Rivers and fountains of water (same phrase as in Rev 16:4)

Rivers and fountains – that which brings the nourishment of life eternal in the righteousness of Jesus Christ
River – Gr: potamos (G4215/G4216) – 16 occurrences
- Christians – out of their belly will flow rivers of living water – John 7:38
- River of water of life – Rev 22:1
- River feeding the tree of life in eternity – Rev 22:2
- ‘Floods’ come – house built on a rock or sand – Mat 7:25-27, Lk 6:48-49
- Baptized in the river Jordan – Mk 1:5
- River – where prayer is done – Acts 16:13
- Paul in perils of water – 2 Cor 11:26
- Third part of rivers – Rev 8:10
- Loose angel bound at the River Euphrates – Rev 9:14
- Serpent cast out water like a flood – Rev 12:13-16
- 3^rd angel – Rivers and fountains of water became blood – Rev 16:4
- 6^th angel – poured out on Euphrates river – prepare the way for the kings of the east – Rev 16:12
Old Testament
- H6388, peleg, stream – 10 occurrences
  - There is a river, the stream makes glad the city of God – Ps 46:4
  - A king who reigns in righteousness (Christ) – rivers of water – Is 32:1-2
  - Rivers and streams of water in the glorious day – Is 30:25
  - Let your fountains be dispersed, rivers run in the street – Pr 5:15-16
  - Saved person – Like a tree planted by the rivers of water – Ps 1:3
  - God enriches the world with the river of God – Ps 65:9
  - Tears of lamentation like streams – Lam 3:48, Ps 119:136
- H5103 (nehar) / H5104 (nahar) – larger river, flood – 134 occurrences
  - There is a river, the stream makes glad the city of God – Ps 46:4
  - Peace like a river – Is 66:12, Is 48:18
  - 4 rivers out of Eden to water the land – Gen 2:10, Gen 2:13-14
  - God’s people’s branch grows toward the river – Ps 80:11
  - Waters gushed out of Rock like a river – Ps 105:41, Ps 78:15-16
  - Floods have lifted up their voice – thy testimonies are very sure – Ps 93:3-5
- H5158 (nachal) – streams – 148 occurrences
  - Drink of the water of thy pleasures, the fountain of life – Ps 36:8-9
  - He shall drunk of the brook in the way, therefore, he shall lift up his head – Ps 110:7
  - The words of a man’s mouth are as deep waters and the wellspring of wisdom as a flowing brook – Pr 18:4
  - The good land of brooks of waters – Deut 8:7
  - The glory of the Gentiles like a flowing stream – Is 66:12
  - He smote the Rock and the streams overflowed – Ps 78:20
- Fountain – Heb: H4726, machor (something dug out) – 18 occurrences
  - Fountain of life – Ps 36:8-9
  - Fountain of Israel – Ps 68:26
  - Let thy fountain be blessed – Pr 5:18
  - Law of the wise is a fountain of life, to depart from the snares of death – Pr 13:14
  - The Fear of the Lord is a fountain of life to depart from the snares of death – Pr 14:27
  - My people have departed from the fountains of life, hewed broken cisterns that cannot hold water – Jer 2:13
  - Fountain of tears mourning for Israel – Jer 9:1
  - The Lord is the Fountain of waters – Jer 17:13
  - A fountain to be opened in that day – Zech 13:1
  - A righteous man falling down before the wicked is a troubled fountain, a corrupt ‘spring’- Pr 25:26
  - Samaria desolate, spring and fountains dried up – Hos 13:15
  - Understanding is a wellspring of life – Pr 16:22
  - Words of a man’s mouth are a wellspring of wisdom, like deep waters – Ps 18:4
  - The mouth of the righteous is a well of life, violence covers the mouth of the wicked – Pr 10:11
  - Babylon’s springs to become dry – Jer 51:36
- Fountain – Heb: H4599 – mayan, a spring – 23 occurrences
  - A righteous man falling down before the wicked is a troubled fountain, a corrupt ‘spring’- Pr 25:26
  - Samaria desolate, spring and fountains dried up – Hos 13:15
  - Turned rock into standing water, flint into fountains of waters – Ps 114:8
  - Eternity – fountain from the house of the Lord – Joel 3:18
  - Fountains of the deep broken up – Gen 7:11, Gen 8:2
  - Place to find salvation for horses / mules – 1 Ki 18:5
  - Let thy fountains be dispersed abroad – Pr 5:16
  - Wisdom brought forth when no fountains – Pr 8:24
  - Eternity – fountains in the valley – Is 41:18
  - With joy, draw the water out of the wells of salvation – Is 12:3
  - Singers, players on instruments – all my springs – Ps 87:7
  - He sends the springs into the valleys – Ps 104:10
  - Through the valley of weeping, make it a spring – Ps 84:6
- Fountain Heb: mabbua (H4002) – 3 occurrences
  - Eternity – thirsty land – springs of water – Is 35:7
  - Eternity – springs of water – Is 49:10
  - Pitcher broken at the fountain – Ecc 12:6
- Fountains – Gr: pege (G4077) – gushing (fountain of water) – 12 occurrences
  - Jacob’s ‘well’ – John 4:6
  - ‘Well’ of water springing up to eternal life – John 4:14
  - Does a fountain bring forth both sweet and bitter – James 3:12
  - False teachers – wells without water – 2 Pet 2:17
  - Lead to living fountains of water – Rev 7:17
  - Worship Him who made the fountains of waters – Rev 14:7
  - Judgment on the fountains of waters – Rev 16:4
  - He who thirst will receive of the fountains of waters freely – Rev 21:6
- Water – Word of God – Eph 5:25-26, Eph 5:18, Is 55:1, Is 55:10-11, Deut 32:1-2
  - Water refers to the Gospel ‑ Eph 5:25‑26
  - Washing of regeneration ‑ Titus 3:5, 1 Cor 6:11, Acts 22:16
  - Living waters –Zech 14:8, Eze 47:1-12, Joel 3:18, John 4:10, John 4:14, John 7:38, Rev 22:1-2, Rev 22:17, Song 4:15, Jer 2:13, Jer 17:13, Rev 7:17
  - Initial salvation (spirit) – Is 55:1, John 4:14, Jer 2:11-13, Jer 17:13, Ps 46:4, Job 20:17, Is 58:11
  - Fullness of salvation – Rev 21:6, Rev 22:1
  - Water of the Gospel / salvation – Eph 5:25-26, Eph 5:18, Is 55:10-11, Rev 22:1, Rev 22:17, Ps 46:4, Eze 47:1, Ps 36:8, Ps 65:9, Is 8:6, Is 32:2, Is 44:3, Is 58:11, Mk 1:8

False teaching – Gal 1:6-9, 2 Pet 2, Jude, Col 2, etc.

There is a way that seems right, but the end is death – Pr 14:12, Pr 16:25
Teaching for political gain ‑ Phil 1:15‑17, Lk 20:3‑8, Mk 11:27‑33, Mat 21:23‑27, Herodians (Mat 22:16, Mk 3:2, 12:13), Jude, Korah (Num 16), Eph 4:14, Ro 16:17‑18, Gen 3:4‑5, 1 John 4:1‑6, Mat 23:1‑12, 2 Cor 11:12‑15, Mat 23:27‑28, Phil 2:21, Mk 12:38‑40, 2 Tim 3:13
May have been or financial gain ‑ Phil 3:17‑19, 1 Tim 6:3‑5, Baal (Num 22‑25), 2 Cor 2:17, Ro 16:17‑18, Mat 23:14, Titus 1:10‑16, 2 Chr 24:5‑7, 1 Chr 6:28, etc
Crept in unawares – Jude 4
Gal 2:4, 2 Cor 11:3‑15, Mat 13:25, Acts 15:24, Eph 4:14, 2 Tim 3:6, 2 Pet 2:1‑2, etc
False teachings about the Bible
- 2 Basic Issues:
- Add to the Word of God, Remove from the Word of God (see False Prophets)
- Add to these things ‑ Rev 22:18, Deut 4:2, 12:32, Pr 30:6, John 15:15
- God repeats passages ‑ emphasizes no more revelation ‑ 1 Chr 16 and Ps 105, Ps 18 and 2 Sam 22
- Take away words of the book )False Teachers) ‑ Deut 4:2, 12:32, Pr 30:6, 2 Tim 3:15‑17, Rev 22:18‑19, Acts 20:27
- How is the Word of God Added to:
  - Tongues ‑ That which is used to speak ‑ Acts 1:19, 2:18, 21:40
  - Lord will destroy tongues ‑ Is 11:15
  - Tongues will rot in mouths ‑ Zech 14:12 (see also Pr 10:31, Ps 55:9)
  - Tongues are an instrument of death ‑ see 6:3‑4, Jer 9:3, 19:18, Ps 140:3, 52:4, 57:4, 64:3, 120:2, Pr 18:21, James 3:8, Ro 3:13, etc
  - Visions/Dreams/Signs and Wonders/Myths (Mysticism)
  - Verses to consider: Col 2:18‑19, 2 Tim 4:3‑4, 2 Cor 11:3‑15, Mat 7:15‑23, 24:24, Mk 13:22, Rev 13, Rev 2:2, 16:13‑14, 19 :20, 1 Tim 1:3‑4, 2 Tim 2:16‑20, 23, 2 Thess 2:9, Titus 1:10‑16, 2 Cor 11:4, Deut 13
  - Pharisees ask for a sign ‑ Mat 16:1‑4, Mk 8:11‑21, No sign given ‑ Mat 12:38‑40, Lk 11:29‑32
  - Apostolic signs and wonders ‑ 2 Cor 12:12, Heb 2:4, 6:5, Ro 15:19, Acts2:19,22,43,4:30,5:12, 6:8,7:36, 14:3,15:12, Dan 4:2, 6:27,1 Cor 12:10 gifts, Mk 16:20
  - Philosophy / Wisdom
  - Speaking from self ‑ John 7:15‑19, Ez 13:2, Num 12:1‑2
  - Sufficiency of Scripture‑ Col 2:6‑10, Mk 6:42, 8:8
  - Other verses: Col 2:8‑10, 2 Cor 1:12, John 3:10, 1 Cor 3:10‑21, Mark 6:42, 8:8, 1 Corinthians 1:19‑25, 2:1‑5, Ecc 12:12, Psalm 119:24, Isaiah 28:29, Romans 1:21‑23, 1 Timothy 6:20,2 Timothy 2:14‑18, Hosea 5:13, 7:11, 8:9, Gen 3:5, 2 Cor 11:3,5 Eph 5:6, Acts 17:18, 32, 2 Timothy 3:13, 2 Corinthians 10:5
  - Legalism ‑ i.e. misunderstands words, types, figures of Bible resulting in adding commands not intended by the Word of God
  - Verses to consider: Colossians 2:11‑17, 20‑23, 1 Timothy 1:6‑7, 1 Timothy 4:1‑4, 6:3‑5, 2 Timothy 2:14‑18, Titus 1:10‑16, 3:9‑11, Hebrews 13:9, Luke 11:46, 51, Galatians 4:8‑5:15, Eph 2:15, Romans 14, 1 Cor 8, 10:23‑33, Matthew 12:7, 2 Timothy 2:23, James 4:11‑12, Romans 7:4‑6, Matthew 7:1‑13, 15:1‑20, Luke 11:52, Gal 5:18,23, Matthew 23:1‑4, 16‑28
  - Pharisees: Sabbath issues ‑ Mat 12:1‑8, Mk 2:23‑28, Lk 6:1‑5, wash hands ‑ Mat 15:1‑11, Mk 7:1‑23
- How the Truth of the Word of God is Removed From:
  - False Teaching (perversion of doctrine) ‑ Rev 2:2,9, Jude 4:8, 10‑11, 16, 18‑19, 1 John 2:18‑27, 2 Peter 2, Acts 13:6‑12, Neh 6:10‑14, Titus 1:10‑16, 2 Corinthians 11:5‑15, 1 John 2:18‑20
  - Peace, when there is no peace ‑ Ez 13:10, Jer 6:14, 8:11, 14:13
  - Deny resurrection ‑ Sadducees (Acts 23:6‑8, see also Acts 4:1, 5:17, Mat 22:23‑33, Mark 12:18‑27, Luke 20:27‑38 Matthew 16:1‑6), 1 Timothy 1:19‑20, 2 Timothy 2:14‑18
  - Doctrine of Christ and His coming errors ‑ 2 Cor 11:3‑15, Mat 4:26, 2 John‑11, 1 John 2:18‑27, 4:1‑6, 2 Peter 3:16‑17, Romans 16:17‑18, 1 Timothy 1:3‑4, 1 Pet 5:8, 2 hess 2:1‑2
  - Works gospel ‑ Gal 1:6‑9, 5:4‑10, Phil 3:13, 1 Tim 1:19‑20,2 Cor 11:4, etc
  - Antinomianism ‑ 1 Tim 6:3‑5, 2 Tim 3:1‑9, Jude 3‑4, 2 Thess 2:11‑12
  - No Private interpretation ‑ 2 Pet 1:20‑21, 1 Cor 2:13, Ps 119:160, Ecc 7:27, Is 28:9‑13
  - Pervert/twist/alter – 2 Pet 3:16, Gal 1:7, 2 Cor 2:17
  - Challenging the Authority of Jesus (Bible) ‑ Mk 11:27‑12:10, John 5:43
  - Satan challenges God’s Word ‑ Gen 3:4‑5
  - Chief Priests / Elders questioned His authority ‑ Mat 21:23‑46, Mk 11:27‑33, Lk 20:1‑8
  - Slander against Jesus ‑ Mat 12:24‑32, Lk 11:14‑15
  - Pharisees and Herodians ‑ Tried to trap

Many men died because of the waters

Many in the church will think they are saved, but are not – Mat 7:21-23, Lk 13:22-30, Mat 7:13-14
Many are called, but few are chosen – Mat 22:14, Mat 20:16

4^th Trumpet – Darkening of the Word of God

And the fourth angel sounded, and the third part of the sun was smitten, and the third part of the moon, and the third part of the stars; so as the third part of them was darkened, and the day shone not for a third part of it, and the night likewise.

(Rev 8:12)

Sun, moon and stars smitten – see notes on 6:12-17 – points to the light of the Gospel

Light Diminished
Light of the Gospel – 2 Cor 4:4-6, 2 Pet 1:9, 2 Tim 1:10, 1 Pet 2:9, Ps 43:3, Is 8:20
See above on false teaching – Gospel is made into a false Gospel – Works gospel ‑ Gal 1:6‑9, 5:4‑10, Phil 3:13, 1 Tim 1:19‑20,2 Cor 11:4, etc

Sun became black as sackcloth made of hair

Sun, moon and starts together in Scripture – That which brings light into darkness (for signs and seasons) ‑ Gen 1:14‑18, Ps 74:16, Ps 136:7‑9, Zech 14:6, Ps 19:1‑2, Ps 50:6, Ps 8:1, Acts 2:20, Joel 2:10, Joel 3:15, Mat 24:29-30, Mk 13:24-26, Lk 21:25-26, Ps 148:3 (all praise to God), Is 13:10, Gen 37:9‑10, Rev 12:1-3, Amos 5:20, Amos 8:9, Ecc 12:2, Zeph 1:15, Acts 2:20 – part of Judgment Day
- Not yet tribulation – Mat 24:29, Mk 13:24, Lk 21:25
- Not yet second coming – Joel 2:10, Joel 2:31, Joel 3:15, Acts 2:20, Rev 16:8, Rev 8:12, Jer 4:23-28, Eze 32:7-8, Is 13:10, Is 24:23, Is 60:19-20, Zech 14:6 (Judgment Day)
- Sun represents Christ as Light of the Gospel – Mal 4:2, 2 Pet 1:19, Rev 2:28, Rev 22:16, Mat 2:2, Mat 4:16, Num 24:7, Eph 5:14, Lk 1:78, Is 9:1-2, Is 59:8, Ps 19:4-5
- Sun dark at 1^st coming of Christ – Lk 23:45
- Light of the Gospel is completed (Judgment Day has arrived) – 2 Cor 4:6, 2 Tim 1:10, 1 Pet 2:9, Ps 43:3, Is 8:20, John 1:4, John 1:9, John 3:19, John 8:12, John 9:5, John 12:36, John 12:46, etc.
- Jesus as the sun shining – Mal 4:2, 2 Pet 1:19, Rev 1:16, Rev 2:28, Rev 10:1, Rev 22:16, Mat 2:2, Mat 4:16, Num 24:17, Eph 5:14, Lk 1:78, Is 9:1‑2, Is 30:26, Is 59:8
- Transfiguration – Mk 9:2-5, Mat 17:1-4, Lk 9:28-33 (shined as the sun)
- Christ as rising of the sun ‑ 2 Sam 23:1‑4, Rev 7:2‑3, Is 60:1‑2, Num 24:17, Mal 4:2 (when Christ rose from the dead
- Darkness is Judgment Day – Zeph 1:15, Amos 5:18-20

Moon

Moon’s light Altered – Judgment Day
- Like blood – Acts 2:20, Joel 2:31
- No light / dark – Mat 24:29, Mk 13:24, Is 60:19-20, Is 24:23, Is 13:10, Eze 32:7, Joel 2:10, Joel 3:15, Job 25:5, Ecc 12:2, Rev 21:23 (no need for the moon or sun)
- Signs – Lk 21:25
- Dwindle – Zech 14:6
- 1/3 of moon struck – Rev 8:12
- Brighter – Is 30:26
Sun, moon, stars given as timekeers ‑ Gen 1:14‑19, Ps 104:19, 74:16‑17
Moon – a type of Old Covenant (veiled symbolism of the Gospel) – Gen 37:9-10, Rev 12:1, Job 25:5
- Moon governed festivals / months – moon has no brightness in itself – it is a picture of types and figures which reflect spiritual truth
- New moons related to law of God (symbols) – Col 2:16
- Moon under the feet of the woman – Rev 12:1
- New Jerusalem has no need of the sun or moon – Rev 21:23
- Moon has its type of glory – 1 Cor 15:41
- Lunatic (G4583) – Mat 4:23-24, Mat 17:15
- Moon appointed for seasons – Ps 104:19
- Month (H2320 Heb: chodesh – 279 occurrences) – based on revolution of the moon – indicated when festivals occurred
- Moon (Heb: H3394 / H3393, H3391, Heb: yareach) – 41 occurrences
Moon rules by night – Ps 136:7-9, Gen 1:14-18, Jer 31:35
Moon reflects light of sun – Christians are light in a dark world (Mat 5:14, Eph 5:8-14, Lk 11:34-36, Lk 16:8, John 12:36, 1 Thess 5:5, Col 1:12-13, Phil 2:15)
People to be judged by the Words of Christ / Law of God – John 12:48, Rev 19:11-13, 2 Thess 1:8, Ro 2:12-27, Rom 2:16, Rom 3:19-20, Rom 4:15, Rom 7:7-11, Rom 8:3; Deu 27:26; 2Co 3:7-9; Gal 2:16-19; Gal 3:10, Gal 3:22; Jas 2:10; Rev 20:12-15
Joseph’s dream – sun, moon and 11 stars bowed to him – Gen 37:9
Worship of sun, moon and stars – Deut 4:19, Deut 17:3, 2 Ki 23:5, Jer 8:2
Sun and moon stood still – Josh 10:12-13, Hab 3:11
God’s work of creation – Ps 8:3, Gen 1:14-16
God feared as long as the moon exists – Ps 72:5
Abundance of peace as long as the moon shines – Ps 72:7
Moon a faithful witness – Ps 89:37
Moon praises God – Ps 148:3
Will not be smitten by the moon – Ps 121:6
Sun by day, moon by night – Gen 1:16, Ps 121:6, Ps 136:9, Jer 31:35

Stars –messengers / light affected

Mat 24:29, Mk 13:25, Joel 2:10, Joel 3:15, Eze 32:7-8, Is 34:4
Angels (messengers) symbolized by stars – Rev 1:16, Rev 1:20, Rev 12:4
Word of God comes by angels – Gen 16:7-11, Num 22:35, 2 Sam 14:17, 1 Ki 13:18, 1 Chr 21;12, Gen 21:7, Gen 22:11, Gen 48:16, Luke 1:11-38, Luke 2:9-13, Mat 28:2-5, Heb 2:2, Rev 1:1, Rev 22:6, Rev 22:16, etc.
Angels (stars) on Judgment Day
Angels come with Christ on Judgment day for those who are ashamed of Christ – Mk 8:38, Lk 9:26
Angels are the reapers – Parable of Wheat and Tares – Mat 13:39, Mat 13:41
Angels are the reapers – Parable of the Dragnet – Mat 13:49
Angels come on Judgment day – those who do not follow Christ – Mat 16:27
Angels, at the sound of the trumpet, gather the elect – Mat 24:31, Mk 13:27
Angels do not know the end day – Mat 24:36, Mk 13:32
Son of man comes with angels for Judgment to divide the sheep and the goats – Mat 25:31
Angel smote Herod for receiving glory – Acts 12:23
The Lord comes with ten thousands of his saints, To execute judgment upon all … Jude 1:14-15
Old Testament Hebrew word for ‘star’ (H35567, kokab) occurs more than 35 times.
Relevant occurrences of star in the Old Testament either refer to creation (Gen 1:16, Job 9:7, Ps 8:3, Ps 136:9, Jer 31:35), worshiping the stars (Deut 4:19), the onset of nighttime (Neh 4:21), the falling or loss of stars on judgment day (Job 3:9, Ecc 12:2, Is 13:10, Ez 32:7, Joel 2:10, 3:15 ), the elevated nature of God being over the stars (Job 22:12, 25:5) and those who serve the occult (Is 47:13).
The offspring that will come from Abraham, Isaac and Jacob (represents Christians in Gal 3:16, 29, Ro 4:13-16, etc) – Gen 15:5, 22:17, 26:4, Ex 32:13, Deut 1:10, Deut 10:22, Deut 28:62, 1 Chr 27:23, Neh 9:23
The 12 sons of Israel (represents the church of God) – Gen 37:9
Jesus Christ as the Star of Jacob in Balaam’s parable – Num 24:15-17
Those who fought against Sisera in the Song of Deborah and Barak – Jud 5:20
The sons of God (morning stars, i.e., angels) singing – Job 38:7
Entities that God calls by name – Ps 147:4
Those who are to praise God – Ps 148:3
Those who Satan will be exalted over (i.e., bad angels) – Is 14:13 (see Is 14:12 – Lucifer, which literally means ‘brightness’ is the son of the morning)
Those who the ‘little horn’ cast to the ground and stomped on (angels) – Dan 8:10-12
Believers (i.e., those wise people who turn people to righteousness) – Dan 12:1-3
An idol – Amos 5:26
Where a proud person (Edom) exalts himself above – Ob 1:4 (similar to Is 14:13)
Merchants of Nineveh – Nah 3:16
New Testament Greek word for ‘star’ (G792, aster) occurs 24 times (with 14 of these occurrences in Revelation).
- Relevant occurrences of star in the New Testament refer to the falling of stars on judgment day (Rev Mat 24:29, Mk 13:25, Rev 6:13) and the star Wormwood (Rev 8:10-12), which both hold symbolic meanings.
Jesus Christ – His star – Mat 2:2 ( see also Mat 2:7, 9-10 and Gal 4:14)
The resurrected bodies of believers – 1 Cor 15:41 (2 occurrences)
The false teachers crept into the church – Jude 13
The angels of the 7 churches (Rev 1:16, 1:20, 3:1) (4 occurrences)
The angel with the power to open the bottomless pit (Rev 9:1, see also Rev 20:1)
Woman with crown of 12 stars (represents the church of God) – Rev 12:1
Dragon cast 1/3 of stars of heaven to the earth (represents fallen angels) – Rev 12:4
Jesus, the bright and morning Star (Rev 22:16, Rev 2:28, see also Num 24:17, Mat 2:2, Lk 1:78, 2 Pet 1:19)
Light Diminished by Darkness
- Christians called out of darkness into His marvelous light 1 Pet 2:9
- Children of the day and light, not darkness – 1 Thess 5:4-5
- Christians delivered from the power of darkness – Col 1:13
- Turn from darkness to light, from the power of Satan to God – Acts 26:18
- The people who sat in darkness saw a great Light – Mat 4:16
- Evil eye, whole body is in darkness – Mat 6:23, Lk 11:34-36
- Jesus came to give light to those who dwell in darkness – Lk 1:79
- Whatever spoken in darkness shall be heard in the light – Lk 12:3
- The hour of the power of darkness – Lk 22:53, Lk23:44-45
- Light shines in darkness and the darkness did not comprehend it – John 1:5
- Light has come into the world, but men loved darkness rather than light – John 3:19
- Jesus is the Light of the world, whoever follows Him shall not walk in darkness – John 8:12
- He who walks in darkness knows not where he is going – John 12:35
- Whoever believes on Jesus will not abide in darkness – John 12:46
- Foolish hearts were darkened – Ro 1:21
- Guide to those in darkness – Ro 2:19
- Cast off the works of darkness and let us put on the armor of light – Ro 13:12
- Judgment Day – brings the hidden things of darkness to light – 1 Cor 4:5
- Now we look through a glass darkly – 1 Cor 13:12
- God commands light to shine out of darkness – 2 Cor 4:6
- Unequally yoked with unbelievers (light with darkness) – 2 Cor 6:14
- Understanding darkened, blindness of their heart – Eph 4:18
- You were in darkness, but now in the light – Eph 5:8
- Have no fellowship with the unfruitful work of darkness – Eph 5:11
- Wrestle against rulers of the darkness of this world, spiritual wickedness – Eph 6:12
- Delivered from power of darkness in the kingdom of his dear Son – Col 1:13
- Not in darkness that that day should overtake you as a thief – 1 Thess 5:4
- 1 Thess 5:5 – All children of the light, not of the night and darkness – 1 Thess 5:5
- Sinai – darkness – Heb 12:18
- Sure word of prophecy as a light that shines in a dark place – 2 Pet 1:19
- Angels who sinned – chains of darkness – 2 Pet 2:4, Jude 6
- Darkness reserved forever – 2 Pet 2:17
- God is light, in Him is no darkness – 1 John 1:5
- If we have fellowship with Him and walk in darkness, we lie – 1 John 1:6
- Darkness is past and true light now shines – 1 John 2:8
- Hates brother, then they are in darkness – 1 John 2:9-11
- 1/3 part of sun, moon and stars darkened – Rev 8:12
- Darkness from the pit – Rev 9:2
- Beast and his kingdom full of darkness – Rev 16:10
Deception
- Gr: planao (G4105 through G4108) – 55 total occurrences
- Mat 18:12, Mat 18:13, Mat 22:29, Mat 24:4, Mat 24:5, Mat 24:11, Mat 24:24, Mat 27:63-64, Mar 12:24, Mar 12:27, Mar 13:5, Mar 13:6, Luk 21:8, Joh 7:12, Joh 7:47, Ro 1:27, 1Co 6:9, 1Co 15:33, 2 Cor 6:8, Gal 6:7, Eph 4:14, 1 Thess 2:3, 2 Thess 2:11, 1 Tim 4:1, 2Ti 3:13, Tit 3:3, Heb 3:10, Heb 5:2, Heb 11:38, Jas 1:16, Jas 5:19-20, 1Pe 2:25, 2Pe 2:15, 2 Pet 2:18, 2 Pet 3:17, 1Jn 1:8, 1Jn 2:26, 1Jn 3:7, 1 John 4:6, 2 John 1:7, Jude 1:11, Jude 1,13, Rev 2:20, Rev 12:9, Rev 13:14, Rev 18:23, Rev 19:20, Rev 20:3, Rev 20:8, Rev 20:10.
False prophets – Jer 5:31, Jer 6:13, Jer 8:10, Jer 14:14, Lam 2:14, Mic 2:11, Mat 7:15, Mat 24:11, Mat 24:24, Mar 13:22, Luk 6:26, Act 13:6, 2Pe 2:1, 1Jn 4:1, Rev 16:13, Rev 19:20, Rev 20:10.
Wolves among sheep – Mat 7:15, Mat 10:16, John 10:12, Acts 20:29
False teacher – 2 Pet 2:1
False apostles – 2 Cor 11:13 (Satan’s ministers)

Woe, Woe, Woe (Rev 8:13, Rev 9:12)

And I beheld, and heard an angel flying through the midst of heaven, saying with a loud voice, Woe, woe, woe, to the inhabiters of the earth by reason of the other voices of the trumpet of the three angels, which are yet to sound! (Rev 8:13)

One woe is past; and, behold, there come two woes more hereafter. (Rev 9:12)

Woe, woes, woe

Gr: ouai – G3759 – woe, alas – exclamation of grief
Warning to Chorazin / Bethsaida – Mat 11:21, Lk 10:13
Woe unto the world because of offences – Mar 18:7, Lk 17:12
To Scribes, Pharisees, Lawyers – Mat 23:13-16, Mat 23:23, Mat 23:25, Mat 23:27, Mat 23:29, Lk 11:42-44, Lk 11:46-47, Lk 11:52
To those with child during Great Tribulation – Mat 24:19, Mk 13:17, Lk 21:23
To whom the son of Man is betrayed (Judas) – Mat 26:24, Mk 14:21, Lk 22:22
To the rich / full – Lk 6:24-25
To those who men speak well of – Lk 6:26
Woe unto a Christian if they do not share the Gospel – 1 Cor 9:16
Woe to the false teachers in the church – Jude 11
The last 3 trumpets of Rev 8-9 (Great Tribulation and Judgment Day) – Rev 8:13, Rev 9:12, Rev 11:14
Woe to people of earth after Satan cast to the earth – Rev 12:12
Alas, Alas – judgment on Babylon – Rev 18:10, Rev 18:16, Rev 18:19

5^th Trumpet – Affliction on the World during the Great Tribulation (Rev 9:1-11)

Rev 9:1-2 – The Bottomless Pit is Opened

And the fifth angel sounded, and I saw a star fall from heaven unto the earth: and to him was given the key of the bottomless pit.

(Rev 9:1)

And he opened the bottomless pit; and there arose a smoke out of the pit, as the smoke of a great furnace; and the sun and the air were darkened by reason of the smoke of the pit.

(Rev 9:2)

Why the 5^th trumpet represents the tribulation period:

Loosing from pit corresponds to loosing of Satan for a short while in Rev 20:1-3:
Abomination of desolation – Mat 24:15
1^st four trumpets different than last three

A spiritual place of being bound under the wrath of God – Jude 6, 2 Pet 2:4,9, Mat 12:22-29, Mk 3:23-27, Lk 11:17-22, Mat 16:8f, Is 48:24, Is 53:9-12, Col 1:13, Col 2:15, Eph 2:11-13
Deception in the Great Tribulation – see notes on Rev 8:10-11

Star from heaven fallen – Rev 20:1-3

Star – messenger / angel (see notes on Rev 1:1, Rev 1:16, Rev 1:20, Rev 8:2)
Fallen to earth – where the bottomless pit is
Same as Rev 20:1-3 angel
See notes on Rev 8:10-11
Angels in Revelation
- Revelation signified by and angel of Jesus Christ – Rev 1:1, Rev 22:6, Rev 22:8, Rev 22:16
- The angels to the 7 churches – Rev 1:20, Rev 2:1, Rev 2:8, Rev 2:12, Rev 2:18, Rev 3:1, Rev 3:7, Rev 3:14
- The Fathers angels (many around throne) – Rev 3:5, Rev 5:11, Rev 7:11, Rev 14:10
- Strong angel pronounces the Lamb is worthy to open the Book – Rev 5:2
- 4 angels at 4 corners of earth, holding back the four winds – Rev 7:1
- Angel ascending from the east with the seal of God – Rev 7:2
- 7 angels with 7 trumpets – Rev 8:2, Rev 8:6-12, Rev 9:1, Rev 9:13-14, Rev 11:15
- Angel with golden censer at golden altar of prayers – Rev 8:3-5
- Angel flying through the midst of heaven with a loud voice – Rev 8:13
- Angel of the bottomless pit (Abaddon / Apollyon) – Rev 9:11
- Four angels bound in the Euphrates to slay 1/3 of men – Rev 9:14-15
- Mighty angel with 7 thunders – Rev 10:1, Rev 10:5-10
- Angel commands John to measure the temple of God – Rev 11:1
- Michael and his angels fought against the dragon and his angels – Rev 12:7-9
- 3 angels with everlasting gospel, announcement of Babylon’s fall, and warning of the wrath of God – Rev 14:6-10
- Angel calls for the time to reap the earth – Rev 14:15
- Angel with a sharp sickle – Rev 14:17-19
- Angel with power over fire commands angel to reap the earth – Rev 14:18
- 7 angels with 7 last plagues (bowls of wrath) and the announcement of Babylon’s doom – Rev 15:1, Rev 15:6-8, Rev 16:1-17, Rev 17:1., Rev 17:7, Rev 21:9 (shows the Bride of Christ)
- Angel that lights the earth with glory – Rev 18:1
- Mighty angel with a great millstone – Rev 18:21
- Angel standing in the sun – announces supper of the great God – Rev 19:17
- Angel comes down from heaven to bind Satan – Rev 20:1
- 12 angels at the 12 gates of New Jerusalem – Rev 21:12
- Measure of a man , that is of an angel – Rev 21:17

Key

Never used literally in New Testament
Control over binding and loosing – see Rev 1:18, 3:7 notes, Mat 16:19, Lk 11:52, Rev 3:7, Is 22:22, Rev 1:18, Rev 20:1-3
Mat 16:19 – apostles were given the keys of the kingdom (see Mat 18)
Lk 11:52 – lawyers had taken away the keys of knowledge
Rev 3:7 – Christ holds the key of David. This is a quote of Is 22:22.
Rev 1:18 – Christ has the keys of death and hades
Rev 20:1-3 Satan held in the abyss during the church age

Bottomless Pit (Abyss)

Bottomless – Gr: abussos (other than Revelation used only twice – Ro 10:7, Lk 8:31 – Gadarene demoniac symbolic of place of being under torment)

A place where Jesus was – Ro 10:7
Jesus body in the tomb – Mat 27:57-66, Mk 15:42-47, Lk 23:50-55, John 19:38-42
Jesus spirit went to Father when He died – Lk 23:46, Lk 23:43 (Paradise)
Jesus in the heart of the earth 3 days and 3 nights (Lk 11:29-32, Mat 12:39-41, 16:4)
From Thursday evening in Gethsemane to Sunday Morning resurrection – John 13:30-31, Mat 26:37, 28:1-2, John 16:11
A spiritual place of being bound under the wrath of God – Jude 6, 2 Pet 2:4,9, Mat 12:22-29, Mk 3:23-27, Lk 11:17-22, Mat 16:8f, Is 48:24, Is 53:9-12, Col 1:13, Col 2:15, Eph 2:11-13

This term is used 9 times in the New Testament (Lk 8:31, Ro 10:7, Rev 9:1-2, Rev 9:11, Rev 11:7, Rev 17:8, Rev 20:1-3). It literally denotes the meaning ‘bottomless’. In Rev 9:1, 2 this term is combined with the Greek word ‘phrear’ meaning pit.
Pit – Gr: phrear – Lk 14:5, John 4:11-12, Rev 9:1-2
‘Phrear’ is used 6 times in the New Testament (Lk 14:5, Rev 9:1,2 (twice), John 4:11-12).
In Revelation, the abyss is a place where the locusts are who come out to torment men (Rev 9:1-2).
Jesus was in the abyss – Ro 10:7 and Lk 8:31, we find important clues as to the true spiritual meaning of the term abyss used in Rev 20:1-3. The most notable usage of the word abyss that helps us unfold its meaning of in Rev 20:1-3 is found in Romans 10:7. Remarkably, in Romans 10:7, we find that it is a place where Jesus was. When Ro 10:7 says that Jesus was in the abyss, we must understand the nature of the judgment on Christ. We see that Jesus Christ was absolutely perfect and without sin (Heb 4:15). However, He bore the sins of those who were to become saved (Is 53:3-5) Therefore, He became guilty of the sins of the true universal church of Christ. In this sense, Christ had to endure the wrath of God to pay for these sins.

Smoke

Signifies eternal judgment / torment of hell – Is 34:10, Rev 14:11, Rev 18:9, Rev 18:18, Rev 19:3
- Smoking furnace between divided sacrifice – Gen 15:17
- Sodom and Gomorrah – Gen 19:28
- Sinai – giving of the law – Ex 19:18
- God’s jealousy against wicked – Deut 29:20
- Smoke of Ai – Josh 8:20-21
- Smoke rising up from the city (a sign) – Jud 20:38-40
- Smoke went out of His nostrils – 2 Sam 22:9, Job 41:20, Ps 18:8
- Enemies of the Lord, like smoke they perish – Ps 37:20
- Smoke driven away – perish in the presence of God – Ps 68:2
- Will your anger smoke against the sheep of His pasture – Ps 74:1
- My days go up like smoke – Ps 102:3
- God touches the hills and they smoke – Ps 104:32
- Like a wineskin in the smoke, do not forget God’s precepts – Ps 119:83
- The Lord touches the mountains and they become like smoke – Ps 114:5
- Like smoke to the eyes, so is the lazy person to those who send him – Pr 10:26
- Christ – comes out of wilderness like pillars of smoke – Song 3:6
- Zion a cloud and smoke by day, flaming fire by night – Is 4:5
- House of the Lord filled with smoke – Is 6:4
- Wickedness burns like fire – rolls upward like the lifting of smoke – Is 9:18
- A smoke from the north comes upon Philistia – Is 14:31
- Name of the Lord comes from far burning with His anger and lifting up of smoke – Is 30:27
- Judgment Day – Smoke goes up forever – Is 34:10
- Heavens shall vanish away like smoke – Is 51:6
- These are smoke in God’s nose that burns all day – Is 65:5
- Judgment – as smoke out of the chimney – Hos 13:3
- Wonders in the heavens – blood and fire and pillars of smoke – Jer 2:30, Acts 2:19
- Lord will burn Nineveh’s chariots in the smoke – Nah 2:13
- Incense smoke with the prayers of the saints ascend up before God – Rev 8:4
- Smoke out of the bottomless pit that darkens the sun and the air; locusts come out of the smoke – Rev 9:2-3
- Out of the horses come fire and smoke and brimstone (1/3 part killed) – Rev 9:17-18
- Judgment day – smoke of torment goes up forever – Rev 14:11
- Temple filled with smoke from the glory of God – no one could enter temple until judgment done – Rev 15:8
- Smoke of Babylon’s burning – Rev 18:9, Rev 18:19
- Hallelujah – smoke rose up forever – Rev 19:3

Great Furnace

Hell – Mat 13:42 Mat 13:50, Is 31:9, Dan 3, Ex 19:18, Deut 4:20, Ez 22:18-22
Smoke of furnace and judgment on Sodom and Gomorrah – Gen 19:23-28
NT – G2575 (Gr: kaminos – 4 occurrences) – Mat 13:42, Mat 13:50, Rev 1:15, Rev 9:2
- Judgment Day – weeping and gnashing of teeth – Mat 13:42, Mat 13:50
- Jesus’ feet like burnbished brass in a furnace (judgment on Christ at the cross) – Rev 1:15
- Great furnace of the bottomless pit – Rev 9:2
OT – H861 (Heb: attun – 10 occurrences) – Dan 3:6, Dan 3:11, Dan 3:15, Dan 3:17, Dan 3:19-23, Dan 3:25 (Daniel in the fiery furnace)
OT – H8574 (Heb: tannur – 15 occurrences) – oven / furnace
- Smoking furnace, burning lamp passed through the pieces of sacrifice – Gen 15:17
- Frogs in the oven – Ex 8:3 (plague)
- Baked in the oven – Lev 2:4, Lev 7:9, Lev 11:35, Lev 26:26
- Oven repaired – Neh 3:11, Neh 12:38
- Make them as a fiery oven in God’s anger – Ps 21:9
- Furnace in Jerusalem (judgment) – Is 31:9
- Skin black as oven due to famine – Lam 5:10
- Adulterers as an oven heated by the baker, who ceases after bread is leavened – Hos 7:4
- The baker sleeps at night, but in the morning the oven burns as a flaming fire – Hos 7:6
- Hot as an oven and devoured their judges – Hos 7:7
- Day comes burning as an oven, the proud and wicked will be stubble – Judgment Day – Mal 4:1
OT – H3536 (Heb: kibshan – 4 occurrences, a smelting furnace)
- Sodom and Gomorrah – Gen 19:28
- Ashes from furnace as a sign to Pharaoh – Ex 9:8-10
- Mount Sinai quaked greatly / smoke of a furnace – Ex 19:8

Sun darkened – (Ex 10:21-23, Joel 2:2,Joel 2:10)

Light of Gospel diminished – see notes on Rev 6:12-17, Rev 8:12, Rev 1:16
- Light of the Gospel – 2 Cor 4:4-6, 2 Pet 1:9, 2 Tim 1:10, 1 Pet 2:9, Ps 43:3, Is 8:20
- See above on false teaching – Gospel is made into a false Gospel – Works gospel ‑ Gal 1:6‑9, 5:4‑10, Phil 3:13, 1 Tim 1:19‑20, 2 Cor 11:4, etc.
Sun represents Christ as Light of the Gospel – Mal 4:2, 2 Pet 1:19, Rev 2:28, Rev 22:16, Mat 2:2, Mat 4:16, Num 24:7, Eph 5:14, Lk 1:78, Is 9:1-2, Is 59:8, Ps 19:4-5
Sun dark at 1^st coming of Christ – Lk 23:45
Light of the Gospel is completed (Judgment Day has arrived) – 2 Cor 4:6, 2 Tim 1:10, 1 Pet 2:9, Ps 43:3, Is 8:20, John 1:4, John 1:9, John 3:19, John 8:12, John 9:5, John 12:36, John 12:46, etc.
Jesus as the sun shining – Mal 4:2, 2 Pet 1:19, Rev 1:16, Rev 2:28, Rev 10:1, Rev 22:16, Mat 2:2, Mat 4:16, Num 24:17, Eph 5:14, Lk 1:78, Is 9:1‑2, Is 30:26, Is 59:8
Transfiguration – Mk 9:2-5, Mat 17:1-4, Lk 9:28-33 (shined as the sun)
Christ as rising of the sun ‑ 2 Sam 23:1‑4, Rev 7:2‑3, Is 60:1‑2, Num 24:17, Mal 4:2 (when Christ rose from the dead

Air darkened

Air is where Satan dwells (Eph 2:2)
Air is where dust is thrown (Acts 22:23, 2 Sam 16:13)
Air is where we meet Christ (1 Thess 4:17)
Where we speak into / receive the Gospel – 1 Cor 14:9

False words / witness

Gen 21:23, Exo 20:16, Exo 23:1, Exo 23:7, Lev 6:3, Lev 6:5, Lev 19:11, Lev 19:12, Deu 5:20, Deu 19:16, Deu 19:18, 2Sa 18:13, 2Ki 9:12, Job 21:34, Job 36:4, Psa 7:14, Psa 27:12, Psa 35:11, Psa 44:17, Psa 119:104, Psa 119:118, Psa 119:128, Psa 120:3, Psa 144:8, Psa 144:11, Pro 6:19, Pro 11:1, Pro 12:17, Pro 14:5, Pro 17:4, Pro 19:5, Pro 19:9, Pro 20:23, Pro 21:28, Pro 25:14, Pro 25:18, Isa 28:15, Isa 57:4, Isa 59:13, Jer 5:2, Jer 5:31, Jer 6:13, Jer 7:9, Jer 8:10, Jer 10:14, Jer 13:25, Jer 14:14, Jer 23:32, Jer 29:9, Jer 37:14, Jer 40:16, Jer 43:2, Jer 51:17, Lam 2:14, Eze 21:23, Hos 7:1, Hos 10:4, Mic 2:11, Zec 5:4, Zec 8:17, Zec 10:2, Mal 3:5, Mat 5:11, Mat 7:15, Mat 15:19, Mat 19:18, Mat 24:11, Mat 24:24, Mat 26:59, Mat 26:60, Mar 10:19, Mar 13:22, Mar 14:56, Mar 14:57, Luk 3:14, Luk 6:26, Luk 18:20, Luk 19:8, Act 6:13, Act 13:6, Rom 13:9, 1Co 15:15, 2Co 11:13, 2Co 11:26, Gal 2:4, 1Ti 6:20, 2Ti 3:3, Tit 2:3, 1Pe 3:16, 2Pe 2:1, 1Jn 4:1, Rev 16:13, Rev 19:20, Rev 20:10.

Rev 9:3 – Locusts with the Power of Scorpions

And there came out of the smoke locusts upon the earth: and unto them was given power, as the scorpions of the earth have power.

(Rev 9:3)

Locusts

Those who destroy and consume – Joel 1:4, 2:25, Nah 3:15-17, Is 33:4, 2 Chr 7:13, Deut 28:38, Deut 28:42, Ex 10:4-19, 1 Ki 8:37, 2 Chr 6:28, Ps 78:46, Ps 105:34, Ps 109:23
Devour – Bite and devour one another – Gal 5:15, Num 21:6, Jer 8:17, Micah 3:5, Amos 5:19,9:3, Ecc 10:8,10:11,Pr 23:32
OT – H697 (Heb: arbeh – 24 occurrences) – locust, grasshopper
- Egyptian plague – Ex 10:4, Ex 10:12-14, Ex 10:19
- Clean food – Lev 11:22
- Locust consumes the seed (judgment, famine, pestilence) – Deut 28:38, Deut 28:42, 1 Ki 8:37, 2 Chr 6:28, 2 Chr 7:13, Ps 78:46, Ps 105:34, Ps 109:23, Is 33:4, Joel 1:4, Joel 2:25, Nah 3:15-17, Job 39:20, Jud 6:5
- Multitude of the Midianits and Amalekites – Jud 7:12
- No king, but all went forth by bands – Pr 30:27
- Innumerable – Jer 46:23
NT (Gr: G200, akris) – 4 occurrences
- The food of John the Baptist – Mat 3:4, Mk 1:6
- Messengers from the bottomless pit – Rev 9:3, Rev 9:7

Earth

Where the promised land was (see notes on Rev 8:7)
Earth (G1093, Gr: ge, 252 occurrences – refers to the land which is where people reside) – no direct references elsewhere to a ‘4^th part’
Land points to ‘promised land’ – Ro 4:13, Eze 34:13, Eze 36:24, Eze 37:21, Is 43:5‑6, Heb 11:9, Heb 11:13‑16, Gen 12:1-7, Gen 13:14-15, Gen 17:8, Jer 27:5, Num 14:8, Mat 28:18, Mat 3:17, Ps 37:29, Heb 3:6-Heb 4:10, etc
- Ultimate inheritance is new heavens, new earth (i.e. all the land) ‑ Ro 4:13, Rev 21:1‑2, 2 Pet 3:13, Is 66:17,22, Ro 8:21, Gen 13:14‑15, 17:8, Jer 27:5, etc
- Earth is cursed – Gen 3:17-19, Jer 12:4, Ro 8:18‑25, Hos 4:3, Gen 7:21‑22, Gen 19:24‑25, Eze 12:29, Deut 20:16, 1 Sam 15, Jonah 4:11
- Adam and Eve driven out of the Garden of Eden – Gen 3:23-24

Power

Gr: exousia (G1849) – literally, authority occasion or the right to do something – 103 occurrences
God’s sovereignty
- Majesty God is King ‑ Lord of Lords, King of Kings ‑ see 1 Tim 6:15, Rev 19:16, Ps 136:3, Deut 10:17, Pr 8:15‑16, Dan 2:47
- God is sovereign ‑ Eph 1:11, Is 14:24, Mat 28:18, Ps 135:6, 115:3, 1 Tim 5:2, 2 Pert 2:5, Dan 4:35, Job 42:2, Jonah 1:14, Is 45:9, Gen 2:16, Is 53:10‑12, Heb 10:14, Ro 9:18, Col 2:10, etc

Scorpions

Gr: skorpios (G4651) – 5 occurrences
- Jesus gave disciples authority to tread on serpents and scorpion and over the power of the enemy – Lk 10:17-20 (points to demons, spirits)
- If he ask an egg, will he give him a scorpion – Lk 11:12
- Rev 9:3, Rev 9:5, Rev 9:10
Old Testament (6 occurrences)
- God led Israel through wilderness amongst serpents and scorpions – Deut 8:15
- Rehoboam to chastise with scorpions – 1 Ki 12:11, 1 Ki 12:14, 2 Chr 10:11, 2 Chr 10:14
- Ezekiel to be among scorpions – those who bring false words – Eze 2:6
Scorpions related to serpents – Luke 10:17-20, Lk 11:11-12, Deut 8:15
Poison
- False teaching – Ps 140:3, Ro 3:13, Ps 58:3-4, Jer 23:15, Deut 29:18, Deut 32:33, Job 20:16, Jer 8:14, Jer 9:15, Lam 3:19, Mk 16:18, Mat 27:34, Ps 69:21, Amos 6:12, James 3:8

Symbolic for the Great Tribulation / Loosing of Satan – False Teaching / False Prophecy – see notes on Rev 8:10-11

Rev 9:4-6,10 – Torment the Unsaved World for 5 Months

And it was commanded them that they should not hurt the grass of the earth, neither any green thing, neither any tree; but only those men which have not the seal of God in their foreheads.

(Rev 9:4)

And to them it was given that they should not kill them, but that they should be tormented five months: and their torment was as the torment of a scorpion, when he striketh a man.

(Rev 9:5)

And in those days shall men seek death, and shall not find it; and shall desire to die, and death shall flee from them.

(Rev 9:6)

And they had tails like unto scorpions, and there were stings in their tails: and their power was to hurt men five months.

(Rev 9:10)

Commanded them not to hurt grass, nor any green thing, nor any tree

Grass, green thing tree – not symbolic since ‘men’ is literal
Creation not affected, only people (not a physical sign) – see notes on Rev 8:7 for symbolic meaning
Great tribulation time is actually a time of ‘physical’ peace from then world’s perspective – 1 Thess 5:2-3, Jer 6:14, Jer 8:11, Eze 13:10, Mat 24:37-42, Lk 17:26-27, 2 Pet 3:3-6, 2 Pet 3:10-13, 2 Pet 2:4-9, Jude 7, Lk 17:28-37

Men who do not have seal of God

Men – Gr: Anthropos – literally, humankind
See Rev 7:2-3 notes (those who are not saved)

Sealed
See Notes on Rev 5:1
Seal represents a guarantee (certainty) – Mat 27:66, Neh 9:38
- King Ahasuerus seals decrees with the king’s ring – Est 3:12, Est 8:8, Est 8:10
- No man can reverse – Est 8:8
- Books are sealed until the end time – Dan 12:4, Dan 12:9
Seal on a letter – guarantee that the letters will not be read except by the addressee
- Jezebel sealed letters with a seal to elders / nobles – 1 Ki 21:8
- Learned one cannot read books that are sealed – Is 29:11
Christians are sealed – John 3:33, John 6:27, Ro 15:28, Ro 4:11, 1 Cor 9:2, 2 Tim 2:19, Rev 7:2-8
- With Holy Spirit as the earnest (down payment) – Eph 4:30, 2 Cor 1:22, Eph 1:13-14, John 3:33
- Then he openeth the ears of men, and sealeth their instruction – Job 33:16
- End (seal up) sin and seal prophecy and vision – Dan 9:24
- Seal of living God to the 144,000 on their foreheads (Rev 7:2-8, Rev 9:4)
- Transgressions sealed up in a bag – Job 14:17
- 12 patriarchs were engraved in High Priest’s breastplate stones by signet – Ex 28:11, Ex 28:21
Holy Spirit reproves the world of sin, righteousness and judgment – John 16:8-11
Holy Spirit is the helper ‑ John 14:16, John 14:26, John 15:26
Spirit is teacher ‑ enables us to understand Word of God ‑ 1 Cor 2:13, John 14:26, John 15:26, John 16:13ff, 1 John 2:20, 1 John 2:27
Spirit of truth – 1 John 4:6, 5:6, John 14:17, 15:26
- See Rev 9:13-21 for Great Tribulation effect on believers

Do not kill, but torment for 5 Months

Torment
Hell is a place of spiritual torment (Luke 16:23, Lk 16:28) in being separated from God’s kingdom by a great gulf
Greek word for torment (basanos, G931 (3 occurrences) and its cognates G928 (12 occurrences), G929 (6 occurrences), G930(1 occurrence))
- G931 – Mat 4:24 (sickness), Lk 16:23, Lk 16:28 (Lazarus torment in his separation of being in hades)
- In LK 16:23 and Lk 16:28, torment in the context of the Parable of Lazarus and the Rich Man, involves the conditions that exist in hades:
Silence (No Fellowship) – Ps 31:17-18, Ps 94:17, Ps 28:1, Ps 115:17-18
No Purpose / No Knowledge – Ecc 9:5-10, Ps 146:4, Ps 6:5
No Communications with the Living – Ps 6:5, Job 7:9-10, Ps 88:4-8
Darkness (no Gospel Truth) – 1 Sam 2:9, Job 17:11-13, Ps 88:6
Cannot Praise or Hear from God – Ps 143:7, Ps 115:17-18, Ps 6:3-5, Ps 88:10-12
As Prisoners, with no Hope – Is 24:21-22, Job 17:15-16, Ps 88:3-8
- G928 – 12 occurrences
- Torment of the locusts – Rev 9:5
- Lake of Fire – torment of separation – Rev 20:10
- Demons – Gadarene demoniac – Mat 8:29 (also tied to abyss – see above on bottomless pit), Legion of demons – Lk 8:28, Mk 5:7
- Disciples ‘toiling’ in ship – Mk 6:48
- Ship ‘tossed’ in waves – Mat 14:24
- Righteous Lot ‘vexed’ in his soul due to watching sinful behavior – 2 Pet 2:8
- Woman experienced pains in the advent of Christ – Rev 12:2
- Torment of sickness of palsy – Mat 8:6 (see Is 1:4-6)
- Sickness represents spiritual sickness of sin – Mat 8:17, Eze 34:4, Eze 34:16, Ps 77:10, Is 35:5-6, Ps 102:4, Pr 13:12, Ps 38:2-3, Is 1:4-6, Jer 8:22, Jer 30:12, Is 53:3-5, 1 Tim 1:10, 2 Tim 1:13, 4:3, Titus 1:9, Titus 1:13, Titus 2:1-2, 1 Cor 11:26-30, Jer 31:8, Jer 3:22, Ps 41:4, Ps 103:1-4, 1 Pet 2:24, John 9:39, John 12:40, Acts 28:27, Mal 4:20, James 5:15-16)
- Sin brings evil consequences – Gen 3:16-19
- G929 – Rev 9:5
- Those who worship beast will be tormented – Rev 14:11
- Judgment on Babylon due to her sin – Rev 18:7, Rev 18:10, Rev 18:15
G930 – 1 occurrence
- Mat 18:34 – Parable of the 2 debtors – wicked one given to tormentors to pay what he owed
Torment of being separated from God by sin
- Sin separates us from God – Is 59:2, Is 50:1, Pr 15:29, Jer 5:28
- Holiness of God ‑ Hab 1:13 (pure eyes, cannot look upon sin), Job 15:15, Ps 5:4-5, Ps 11;4-7, Ps 34:15-16, 1 Pet 1:15-16
- God hides His face – Is 59:2, Is 57:17, Deut 31:17-18, Deut 32:20, Eze 39:23-24, Eze 39:29, Micah 3:4
- Previously, men could not see God and live ‑ John 1:18, 1 John 4:12, Ex 33:20, John 6:46, Col 1:15, 1 Tim 6:16
- We shall see God ‑ Mat 5:8, Ps 17:15, Ps 42:2, 1 John 3:1‑3, Heb 12:14, 1 Cor 13:12, John 17:24, 12:26, IS 35:2, 40:5, 33:17, Ps 4:6, Job 33:26, 2 Cor 3:12‑18, Ex 33:11‑23, Deut 34:10, Rev 22:4
5 – symbolic meaning
- Judgment of God – Mat 25:2-12, Lk 16:28, Rev 9:5, Ro 9:10, 1 Sam 17:40
- Salvation of God – Mat 25:2, Num 18:16, Mat 16:9, Mk 2:3
- Right hand / left hand
  - Right hand of blessing – Gen 48:13-14
  - Oil sprinkled with right hand – Lev 143:16, Lev 14:27
  - 5 lavers and candlesticks on right and on left – 2 Chr 4:6-7
  - Left hand –work, hides on the right hand – Job 23:9
  - Right hand – length of days, left hand riches and honor – Pr 3:16
  - Wise man’s heart at his right hand, fool’s heart on the left – Ecc 10:2
  - Samaria at left hand, Sodom at right hand – Eze 16:46
  - Bow in left hand, arrows in right hand – Eze 39:3
  - Held up right hand and left heaven to heaven and swore – 3 ½ times remain – Dan 12:7
  - Ninevites cannot discern between right hand and left hand – Jon 4:11
  - Sheep on the right hand, goats on the left – Mat 25:33
  - Two thieves crucified – one at right hand, one on left – Mat 27:38, Mk 15:27, Lk 23:33, Lk 23:23-49
  - Right foot on sea, left foot on earth – Rev 10:2
- 5 Months – a time of Elizabeth hiding with her reproach until Christ is conceived – Lk 1:24-25
5 months (150 days) – time that water prevailed upon the earth (Gen 7:24, Gen 8:3) until Ark rested on Mt. Ararat, see also Gen 7:11-12, Gen 8:4
- Flood – universal judgment on world – Lk 17:26-27, Heb 11:7, 1 Pet 3:20, 2 Pet 2:5, Is 54:9

Torment of a scorpion’s sting

Scorpion – see above on Rev 9:3
- Gr: skorpios (G4651) – 5 occurrences
  - Jesus gave disciples authority to tread on serpents and scorpion and over the power of the enemy – Lk 10:19
  - If he ask an egg, will he give him a scorpion – Lk 11:12
  - Rev 9:3, Rev 9:5, Rev 9:10
- Old Testament (6 occurrences of scorpion)
  - God led Israel through wilderness amongst serpents and scorpions – Deut 8:15
  - Rehoboam to chastise with scorpions – 1 Ki 12:11, 1 Ki 12:14, 2 Chr 10:11, 2 Chr 10:14
  - Ezekiel to be among scorpions – those who bring false words – Eze 2:6
- Scorpions related to serpents – Luke 10:17-20, Lk 11:11-12, Deut 8:15
- Poison
  - False teaching – Ps 140:3, Ro 3:13, Ps 58:3-4, Jer 23:15, Deut 29:18, Deut 32:33, Job 20:16, Jer 8:14, Jer 9:15, Lam 3:19, Mk 16:18, Mat 27:34, Ps 69:21, Amos 6:12, James 3:8
- Stings (G2759, kentron), 5 occurrences – ‘sting, pricks’
  - It is hard to kick against the pricks (persecuting Jesus) – Acts 9:5, Acts 26:14
  - Sting of death is sin – 1 Cor 15:55-56
  - Scorpions (false words) – Rev 9:10
- Sting – Old Testament – goad (Heb: dorbon (H1861)) – 3 occurrences
  - Words of the wise – Ecc 12:11
  - Implement of battle – 1 Sam 13:21
  - Tail Old Testament – Heb: H2180 (zanab) – 11 occurrences
  - Ex 4:4 – Moses takes serpent by tail and it becomes his staff
  - The Lord will make you the head (blessing) and not the tail – Deut 28:13
  - Lender is the head, borrower is the tail (curse) – Deut 28:44 (see Deut 28:12, Deut 15:6, Mat 5:42)
    - Foxes tied by tails / fire by Samson – Jud 15:4
    - Behemoth moves tail like a cedar – Job 40:17
    - 2 Tails of smoking firebrands (kings of Assyria and Israel) – Is 7:4
    - Head and tail cut off in 1 day (head is the elder, tail is the false prophet) – Is 9:14-15
  - Tail – New Testament Gr: oura (G3769) – 5 occurrences – Rev 12:4, Rev 9:10 (2), Rev 9:19 (2)
    - Satan’s tail cast stars (angels / demons) to earth – Rev 12:4
    - Scorpion tail – Rev 9:10
    - Tails like serpents – Rev 9:19

Lawlessness during the Great Tribulation

Iniquity (Greek words G458 (anomia), G459 / G460 (anomos))
- Gr: anomia (literally, without law)
- ‘a’ (without) + ‘nomos’ (law)
Lawlessness Verses – Great Tribulation
- And because iniquity shall abound, the love of many shall wax cold. (Mat 24:12)
- For the mystery of iniquity doth already work: only he who now letteth will let, until he be taken out of the way. (2Th 2:7)
- And then shall that Wicked be revealed, whom the Lord shall consume with the spirit of his mouth, and shall destroy with the brightness of his coming: (2Th 2:8)
- For that righteous man dwelling among them, in seeing and hearing, vexed his righteous soul from day to day with their unlawful deeds (2Pe 2:8)
Lawlessness of the Antichrist (Man of Sin)
- Let no man deceive you by any means: for that day shall not come, except there come a falling away first, and that man of sin be revealed, the son of perdition (2Th 2:3)
- For the mystery of iniquity doth already work … and then shall that Wicked be revealed (2 Thess 2:7-8) (Iniquity, wicked = lawless)
- … with all deceivableness of unrighteousness in them that perish; because they received not the love of the truth, that they might be saved. And for this cause God shall send them strong delusion, that they should believe a lie: That they all might be damned who believed not the truth, but had pleasure in unrighteousness. (2Th 2:10-12)
Days of Noah
- But as the days of Noe were, so shall also the coming of the Son of man be. For as in the days that were before the flood they were eating and drinking, marrying and giving in marriage, until the day that Noe entered into the ark, And knew not until the flood came, and took them all away; so shall also the coming of the Son of man be. (Mat 24:37-39)
- And GOD saw that the wickedness of man was great in the earth, and that every imagination of the thoughts of his heart was only evil continually…But Noah found grace in the eyes of the LORD. (Gen 6:5-8)
Days of Lot
- Likewise also as it was in the days of Lot; they did eat, they drank, they bought, they sold, they planted, they built; But the same day that Lot went out of Sodom it rained fire and brimstone from heaven, and destroyed them all. Even thus shall it be in the day when the Son of man is revealed. (Luke 17:28-30)
- And delivered just Lot, vexed with the filthy conversation of the wicked: (For that righteous man dwelling among them, in seeing and hearing, vexed his righteous soul from day to day with their unlawful deeds) (2 Pet 2:7-8)
- …the men of the city, even the men of Sodom, compassed the house round…And they called unto Lot, and said unto him, Where are the men which came in to thee this night? bring them out unto us, that we may know them…(Gen 19:4-5)

Men will seek death, but will not find it, desire to die, but death flees

And in those days shall men seek death, and shall not find it; and shall desire to die, and death shall flee from them. (Rev 9:6)
- ‘Men’ – Gr: anthropos (humankind), not Gr: aner (man)
- ‘Seek’ – Gr: zeteo
- Desire – Gr: epithumeo – Lust (literally, overdone passion)
- But he that sins against me wrongs his own soul: all they that hate me love death. (Pro 8:36)
- The wages of sin is death … (Ro 6:23)
- Then when lust hath conceived, it brings forth sin: and sin, when it is finished, brings forth death. (Jas 1:15)
- For they that are after the flesh do mind the things of the flesh; but they that are after the Spirit the things of the Spirit. For to be carnally minded is death; but to be spiritually minded is life and peace. (Rom 8:5-6)
Sinful behavior equates to the seeking of death
But he that sins against me wrongs his own soul: all they that hate me love death – (Pro 8:36)
The getting of treasures by a lying tongue is a vanity tossed to and fro of them that seek death. (Pro 21:6)
And in those days shall men seek death, and shall not find it; and shall desire to die, and death shall flee from them. (Rev 9:6)
Wherefore is light given to him that is in misery, and life unto the bitter in soul; Which long for death, but it cometh not; and dig for it more than for hid treasures; Which rejoice exceedingly, and are glad, when they can find the grave? (Job 3:20-22)
Job’s wife told Job to curse God and die – Job 2:9
And death shall be chosen rather than life by all the residue of them that remain of this evil family, which remain in all the places whither I have driven them, saith the LORD of hosts. (Jer 8:3)
Job knows that destruction is for the wicked – Job 31:3
Eat, drink, and be merry for tomorrow we die – Lk 12:19, 1 Cor 15:32, Is 22:13, Is 56:12, 1 Tim 6:17
Fear of wrath of God
- And said to the mountains and rocks, Fall on us, and hide us from the face of him that sits on the throne, and from the wrath of the Lamb: (Rev 6:16)
- Then they will begin to say to the mountains, fall on us and to the hills cover us – Lk 23:30
- Also the high places of Aven, the sin of Israel, will be destroyed; Thorn and thistle will grow on their altars; Then they will say to the mountains, “Cover us!” And to the hills, “Fall on us!” – Hos 10:8
- Though they dig into Sheol, From there will My hand take them; And though they ascend to heaven, From there will I bring them down. – Amos 9:2
- Enter into the rock, and hide thee in the dust, for fear of the LORD, and for the glory of his majesty. (Isa 2:10)
- And they shall go into the holes of the rocks, and into the caves of the earth, for fear of the LORD, and for the glory of his majesty, when he ariseth to shake terribly the earth. (Isa 2:19)
- To go into the clefts of the rocks, and into the tops of the ragged rocks, for fear of the LORD, and for the glory of his majesty, when he ariseth to shake terribly the earth. (Isa 2:21)
- Suicide or desire for suicide in the Bible
  - Judas Iscariot – Mat 27:5, Acts 1:18-19
  - Ahithopel – 2 Sam 17:23 (2 Sam 15:31 – Conspirator with Absalom)
  - Saul – 1 Sam 31:4-5 – due to injuries (afraid of enemies putting him to death), see also 2 Sam 1:9 for lie that was told to David
  - Zimri – 1 Ki 16:18-19 – for his sins he did to make Israel to sin
- The sons of Israel said to them, “Would that we had died by the LORD’S hand in the land of Egypt, when we sat by the pots of meat, when we ate bread to the full; for you have brought us out into this wilderness to kill this whole assembly with hunger – Ex 16:3
- All the sons of Israel grumbled against Moses and Aaron; and the whole congregation said to them, “Would that we had died in the land of Egypt! Or would that we had died in this wilderness! – Num 14:2
- The people thus contended with Moses and spoke, saying, “If only we had perished when our brothers perished before the LORD! – Num 20:3
- Therefore now, O LORD, please take my life from me, for death is better to me than life. – Jon 4:3
- When the sun came up God appointed a scorching east wind, and the sun beat down on Jonah’s head so that he became faint and begged with all his soul to die, saying, “Death is better to me than life. – Jonah 4:8
- Keeper of the Philippian jail would have killed himself – Acts 16:27
- Righteous people can seek death due to suffering
- To live is Christ, to die is gain – Phil 1:21-24
- Why did I not die at birth, Come forth from the womb and expire? – Job 3:11
- Why then have You brought me out of the womb? Would that I had died and no eye had seen me! – Job 10:18
- Cursed be the day when I was born; Let the day not be blessed when my mother bore me! Cursed be the man who brought the news To my father, saying, “A baby boy has been born to you! And made him very happy. But let that man be like the cities Which the LORD overthrew without relenting, And let him hear an outcry in the morning And a shout of alarm at noon – Jer 20:14-18
- Oh that my request might come to pass, And that God would grant my longing! Would that God were willing to crush me, That He would loose His hand and cut me off! – Job 6:8-9
- Oh that You would hide me in Sheol, That You would conceal me until Your wrath returns to You, That You would set a limit for me and remember me! – Job 14:13
- But he himself went a day’s journey into the wilderness, and came and sat down under a juniper tree; and he requested for himself that he might die, and said, “It is enough; now, O LORD, take my life, for I am not better than my fathers. – 1 Ki 19:4
- So I congratulated the dead who are already dead more than the living who are still living. Ecc 4:2
- The king was deeply moved and went up to the chamber over the gate and wept. And thus he said as he walked, “O my son Absalom, my son, my son Absalom! Would I had died instead of you, O Absalom, my son, my son! – 2 Sam 18:33
- But the eyes of the wicked will fail, And there will be no escape for them; And their hope is to breathe their last. – Job 11:20
- People inherently know there are consequences for sin
  - For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men, who hold the truth in unrighteousness; Because that which may be known of God is manifest in them; for God hath shewed it unto them … For the invisible things of him from the creation of the world are clearly seen, being understood by the things that are made, even his eternal power and Godhead; so that they are without excuse: Because that, when they knew God, they glorified him not as God, neither were thankful; but became vain in their imaginations, and their foolish heart was darkened. Who knowing the judgment of God, that they which commit such things are worthy of death, not only do the same, but have pleasure in them that do them. (Rom 1:18-21,32)
- That was the true Light, which lights every man that cometh into the world. (Joh 1:9)
- Which shew the work of the law written in their hearts, their conscience also bearing witness, and their thoughts the mean while accusing or else excusing one another;) (Rom 2:15)
- Speaking lies in hypocrisy; having their conscience seared with a hot iron; (1Ti 4:2)
- And even as they did not like to retain God in their knowledge, God gave them over to a reprobate mind, to do those things which are not convenient; (Rom 1:28)
- Unto the pure all things are pure: but unto them that are defiled and unbelieving is nothing pure; but even their mind and conscience is defiled. (Tit 1:15)
- Sacrifice to idols – Psa. 106:38; Hos. 13:2; Acts 7:41; 1Co. 8:4; 1 Cor 10:19, 1 Cor 10:28; Rev. 2:14, Rev 2:20.
- Sacrifice of children to idols – Ps 106:38, Deu 21:9, 2Ki 21:16, 2Ki 24:4, Jer 2:34, Jer 7:31, Jer 19:4, 2Ki 21:16, 2Ki 24:4, Psa 106:37-38, Isa 57:5, Isa 59:7, Eze 16:20-21, Eze 20:31
- God tells people that the consequences for sin is death
- And if it seem evil unto you to serve the LORD, choose you this day whom ye will serve; whether the gods which your fathers served that were on the other side of the flood, or the gods of the Amorites, in whose land ye dwell: but as for me and my house, we will serve the LORD … If ye forsake the LORD, and serve strange gods, then he will turn and do you hurt, and consume you, after that he hath done you good. (Jos 24:15,20)
- I call heaven and earth to record this day against you, that I have set before you life and death, blessing and cursing: therefore choose life, that both thou and thy seed may live (Deu 30:19)
- Those who love their life will lose it – Mk 8:35, John 12:25
  - But of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, thou shalt not eat of it: for in the day that thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely die. (Gen 2:17)
  - But he that sins against me wrongs his own soul: all they that hate me love death. (Pro 8:36)
  - The wages of sin is death … (Ro 6:23)
  - The fear of the LORD prolongs days: but the years of the wicked shall be shortened. (Pro 10:27)
  - For they that are after the flesh do mind the things of the flesh; but they that are after the Spirit the things of the Spirit. For to be carnally minded is death; but to be spiritually minded is life and peace. (Rom 8:5-6)
  - Lust brings sin, sin brings death – James 1:15
- Wages of sin is death – Ro 6:23, Rom 5:12, Gen 2:17, Gen 3:19, Isa 3:11, Eze 18:4, Eze 18:20, 1Co 6:9-10, Gal 3:10, Gal 6:7-8, Jas 1:15, Rev 21:8
- Sting of death is sin – 1 Cor 15:56, Gen 3:17-19 Psa 90:3-11, Pro 14:32, Joh 8:21, Joh 8:24, Rom 5:15, Rom 5:17, Rom 6:23 Heb 9:27
- Righteousness brings long life, shorter life for wicked:
- Be not overly wicked, nor foolish: why should you die before your time – Ecc 7:17
- Ps 55:23 – bloody and deceitful men shall not live out half their lives
- The fear of the LORD prolongs days: but the years of the wicked shall be shortened. Pro 10:27
- My son, forget not my law; but let thine heart keep my commandments: For length of days, and long life, and peace, shall they add to thee. (Pro 3:1-2)
- Length of days is in her right hand; and in her left hand riches and honor. (Pro 3:16)
- The fear of the LORD is the beginning of wisdom: and the knowledge of the holy is understanding. For by me thy days shall be multiplied, and the years of thy life shall be increased. (Pro 9:10-11)
- Come, ye children, hearken unto me: I will teach you the fear of the LORD. What man is he that desires life, and loves many days, that he may see good? Keep thy tongue from evil, and thy lips from speaking guile. Depart from evil, and do good; seek peace, and pursue it. (Psa 34:11-14)
- Children, obey your parents in the Lord: for this is right. Honor thy father and mother; (which is the first commandment with promise;) That it may be well with thee, and thou may live long on the earth. (Eph 6:1-3)

Rev 9:7-9 – Description of the Locusts

And the shapes of the locusts were like unto horses prepared unto battle; and on their heads were as it were crowns like gold, and their faces were as the faces of men.

(Rev 9:7)

And they had hair as the hair of women, and their teeth were as the teeth of lions.

(Rev 9:8)

And they had breastplates, as it were breastplates of iron; and the sound of their wings was as the sound of chariots of many horses running to battle.

(Rev 9:9)

Horses prepared for battle

See Joel 2:4 and notes on Rev 6:1 (spiritual warfare)
- Horses are for battle – Pr 21:31, Ps 20:7, Ps 76:6, Ps 147:10, Zech 9:10, Zech 10:3-5, Zech 12:4, Zech 14:15-20, Rev 9:7-9, Rev 19:11, Eze 26:7-9, Jer 50:42, Is 31:, Deut 20:1, 1 Sam 8:11, 1 Sam 13:5, 1 Ki 1:5, 2 Sam 10:18
- Pharaoh’s horses – Ex 14:9, Ex 14:23, Ex 15:1
- Great strength – Ps 33:17
4 chariots – 4 spirits of God (Zech 6:1-8)
- Spiritual warfare:
Battle of the kingdoms – spiritual battle, not physical – Mat 10:34-36, Lk 12:51-53
Satan pursues the woman in the wilderness – Rev 12:7-17
Biting and devouring in the church – Gal 5:15, Gal 5:26; 1 Cor 1:11, 1 Cor 3:3-4, 1 Cor 4:6-8, 1 Cor 11:16-19, 2Sa 2:26-27; Isa 9:20-21, Isa 11:5-9, Isa 11:13; 1Co 3:3, 1Co 6:6-8; 2Co 11:20; 2Co 12:20; Jas 3:14-18, Jas 4:1-3, 1 Pet 2:1, Eph 4:31-32
Killing by words / tongue – Mat 5:21-22, Pr 11:9, Ro 3:13-15, Jer 9:3, 18:18, Ps 140:3, Ro 3:13, James 3:8, Pr 18:21, Ps 52:4, Ps 57:4, Ps 59:7, Ps 64:3, Ps 120:2, Rev 2:10
Weapons are not of the flesh, but spiritual (not a political battle) – Eph 6:11-12, Phil 3:20, Mat 24:7, Is 42:6-7, Eph 2:6, 1 Pet 2:5-11,20ff, Mat 16:15-19, Lk 2:14, Hos 1:7, 2 Tim 2:4, 2 Cor 10:3f, Eph 2:19, Mk 8:31-33, 1 Pet 1:1, Rev 1:6, Heb 13:14, Col 1:13, John 18:36-37, Col 3:1-4, Lk 12:14, Mat 10:34, 2 Tim 2:16, Mk 12:17, Ps 73:25, Zech 9:9, Lk 22:36, Ro 12:1-2, Lk 12:13ff, Mat 5:38f, 1 Cor 6:1-8, Hos 8:9, 7:11, Ro 13
Fight the good fight – 1 Tim 1:18, 1 Tim 6:12, 2 Tim 4:7, 1 Cor 9:25, Phil 1:30
Soldier – 2 Tim 2:4, 1 Cor 9:7
War – spirit versus the flesh – Gal 5:17, Ro 8:5-11, 2 Cor 10:3, 1 Tim 1:18
Flesh wages war against the soul – 1 Pet 2:11, James 4:1, Ro 7:23
Christians die daily – Mat 24:9, 2 Cor 1:9, 2 Cor 4:10-12, 2 Cor 6:9, 2 Cor 7:3, Ro 8:35-39, James 5:6, 1 John 3:15, 1 Cor 4:9, 1 Cor 15:31, Mat 5:21-22, Hab 1:2-4, James 2:9-11, Ps 94:1-7, 44:22, Rev 6:9, Mk 8:35
Old Testament ‘violence’ – persecution of the righteous – Hab 1:2,9, Ob 10, Pr 16:29, Joel 3:19, Gen 27:41, Ez 25:12, Amos 1:11, Jer 20:8, Ps 11:5, Mat 24:9
- Innocent blood – 2 Ki 24:4, Jer 22:17
Christians Have Been Crucified w/ Christ – Gal 2:20, Gal 5:24, Gal 6:14, Ro 6:2, Ro 6:6

On their heads, Crowns ‘like’ gold

Like – Gr: homoios (similar, but not the same) – e.g., Gal 5:21, John 9:9
- Rule as kings – horses are an imitation of Christians (false Christians)
Christians are kings – reign with Christ – Rev 1:6, Rev 5:10, 1 Pet 2:9‑10, Eph 2:6, 2 Tim 2:12, Ro 5:17
Crown of eternal life – 1 Pet 5:4, 1 Cor 9:25, 2 Tim 4:8, Rev 2:10, 1 Thess 2:19
Believers are seated with Christ in heavenly places – Eph 2:1-6, Ro 5:17
Leadership corrupt – false teachers / leaders (Mat 24:24, Mk 13:22, Rev 11:13-15, Jer 20, 23, Ez 34, 2 Pet 2:1, Acts 20:28-30, Rev 16:17-18)
Golden crowns
- Christ – Rev 14:14, Ex 39:40, 2 Sam 12:30, 1 Chr 20:2, Est 8:15
- Christians – 24 elders (Rev 4:4, Rev 4:10), Ps 21:3,
Crown (G4735 / G4737, stephanos / stephanoo) – 21 occurrences
- Jesus – crown of thorns – Mat 27:29, Mk 15:17, John 19:2, John 19:5
- Corruptible versus incorruptible crown – 1 Cor 9:25
- Other believers – Paul’s crown and joy – Phil 4:1, 1 Th 2:9
- Crown of righteousness – 2 Tim 4:8
- Crown of life – James 1:12, Rev 2:10, Rev 3:11
- Crown of glory – 1 Pet 5:4
- 24 Elders – golden crowns – Rev 4:4, Rev 4:10
- Rider of the White horse (Christ) – Rev 6:2
- Locusts – golden crowns – Rev 9:7
- Woman – crown of 12 stars – Rev 12:1
- Golden crown – Son of man riding on White cloud – Rev 14:14
Crown (diadem) – G1238 (literally, through bound) – 3 occurrences
- Jesus coming in judgment – many diadems – Rev 19:12
- Beast – 10 diadems – Rev 13:1
- Dragon – 10 diadems – Rev 12:3
Crown (H5145) – literally, to be separated
- Golden crown on chief priest’s mitre – Ex 29:6, Ex 39:30 (pure gold), Lev 8:9 (crown of the anointing oil)
- Crown taken off of Saul’s head when he died – 2 Sam 1:10
- Crown put on King Joash’s head – 2 Ki 11:12, 2 Chr 23:11
- Profaned the crown of Christ by throwing it to the ground – Ps 89:36
- The Horn of David’s crown will flourish – Ps 132:18
- Riches are not forever, will the crown endure to all generations – Pr 25:24
- Cut off your hair (crown) and take up a lamentation – Jer 7:29
- The flock of His people to be as stones in the crown – Zech 9:6
Crown (H5850)

Gold crown placed on David’s head – 2 Sam 12:30, 1 Chr 20:2
Mordecai received a gold crown – Est 8:15
Job stripped of glory, taken crown off his head – Job 19:9
Crown of pure gold on His head (king) – Ps 21:3
Wisdom gives a crown of glory – Pr 4:9
Virtuous woman is a crown to her husband – Pr 12:4
Crown of the wise is their riches – Pr 14:24
The hoary head is a crown of glory if it is found in righteousness – Pr 16:31
Children’s children are the crown of old men – Pr 17:6
King Solomon crowned in the day of his espousal – Song 3:11
Crown of pride – drunkards of Ephraim – Is 28:1, Is 28:3
Lord of Hosts – crown of glory – Is 28:5
Crown of glory in the hand of the Lord – Is 62:3
Principalities shall come down as a crown of glory – Jer 13:18
Crown has fallen from our head – Lam 5:16
Beautiful crown on head of Jerusalem – Eze 16:12
Profane, wicked prince of Israel to take off crown – Eze 21:26
Sabeans put crowns on head, adulteries – Eze 23:41-43
Crowns on Joshua’s head and gives crowns … – Zech 6:11-14

Faces of men

Satan uses man to do his bidding – 1 John 3:8-10, Mat 13:38, John 8:44, Acts 13:10
Bondage to Satan – 2 Tim 2:24-26 , 2 Pet 2:19

Hair of women

Woman – often represents the church
People of God are called the Bride of Christ (Eph 5:22-33, Mat 25:1-13, Rev 19:7-8, 21:2, 2 Cor 11:2).
Christ referred to as a bridegroom (Ps 19:5, Mat 9:15, Mat 25:1-10, Is 62:5, 61:10, Jer 2:32, Jer 7:34, Jer 16:9, Jer 25:10, Jer 33:11, Mk 2:19-20, Lk 5:34-35, John 3:29, etc.).
In the Old Testament, God’s church Israel / Judah was married to God and became divorced from God due to her unfaithfulness and whoredoms (Jer 3:1, Jer 31:32, Hos 2:1-13, Is 54:1-7, Is 50:1, Deut 24:1-4).
Revelation 12 – church of God is symbolized as a woman who has fled into the wilderness
In Gal 4:21-31, Hagar and Sarah are portraits of a church trying to be saved by the works of the flesh (typified by Hagar) and a church saved by the grace of God (typified by Sarah). All Christians are children of the free woman (spiritually, typified by Sarah).
2 John 1, 2 John 4, 2 John 13 and 1 Pet 5:13 – church is referred to as a woman.
Men with long hair is a shame (image and glory of God) – 1 Cor 11:7, 1 Cor 11:14
Outwardly appear righteous and glorious
Hair (Gr: trichos – 15 occurrences)
- John the Baptist – coat of camel’s hair – Mat 3:4, Mk 1:6
- Cannot make one hair white or black – Mat 5:36
- Hairs of head are all numbered – Lk 12:7, Mat 10:30
- Wiped Christ’s feet with hairs – Lk 7:38, Lk 7:44, John 12:2-3
- Not a hair of the head will fall – Acts 27:34, Lk 21:18
- Outward adorning should not be the braiding of hair – 1 Pet 3:3
- Hair of women – Rev 9:8 (see 1 Cor 11:15 – given to a woman for a covering (G2864) and it is her glory)
- Christ’s hair white as wool – Rev 1:14
Hair is beauty, glory – 2 Ki 9:30, Is 3:24, 1 Cor 11:14-15, 1 Tim 2:9, 1 Pet 3:3
Absalom – 2 Sam 14:25-26
Hypocrisy – Mat 23:5-6, Mat 23:27-28, Lk 11:44, Acts 23:3, 2 Pet 2:17-19, Jude 12, etc

Teeth of Lions – Ps 57:4, Joel 1:6, Job 4:10, Mk 9:18, Acts 7:54

Lion – Satan – 1 Pet 5:8
- Judgment ‑ 2 Ki 17:25‑26, Jer 2:30, Jer 5:6, 2 Ki 13:26, 1 Sam 17:37, Hos 11:10, Dan 6, Pr 19:12
- Christ as a Lion: devours in judgment by Word of God (Gen 49:9, Rev 5:5, Rev 4:7, Pr 19:12, Hos 11:9‑11, Is 31:4, Jer 25:30, Amos 1:2, Judges 14:5, Lam 3:10, Joel 3:16, Hos 13:7‑8, 5:14, Amos 3:6‑8, Rev 10:3)
- Lord roars in judgment – Hos 11:10, Joel 3:16, Amos 1:2, Rev 10:3, Is 5:29, Pr 19:12
Abominations between teeth – Zech 9:7
Bite – False prophets with peace – Micah 3:5
Devour – Pr 30:14
Biting and devouring in the church – Gal 5:15, Gal 5:26; 1 Cor 1:11, 1 Cor 3:3-4, 1 Cor 4:6-8, 1 Cor 11:16-19, 2Sa 2:26-27; Isa 9:20-21, Isa 11:5-9, Isa 11:13; 1Co 3:3, 1Co 6:6-8; 2Co 11:20; 2Co 12:20; Jas 3:14-18, Jas 4:1-3, 1 Pet 2:1, Eph 4:31-32

Bite and devour one another – Gal 5:15, Num 21:6, Jer 8:17, Micah 3:5, Amos 5:19, Amos 9:3, Ecc 10:8, Ecc 10:11, Pr 23:32
Teeth – desire to devour – Ps 37:12, Ps 35:16, Ps 58:6, Job 16:9, Acts 7:54
Gnashing of teeth in hell – Mat 8:12, Mat 25:51, Mat 13:42, Mat 13:50, Mat 22:3, Lk 13:28, Mat 25:30
Gnashing of teeth – wicked – Lam 2:16, Ps 112:10, Mk 9:18

Breastplate of iron

Iron – strength – Job 40:18, Job 41:27, Dan 2:33-45, Is 45:2, Ps 107:16, Micah 4:13, Dan 2:33-45, 7:7,19, Rev 2:27, Rev 12:5, Rev 19:15, Jer 28:13-14, 1 Chr 22:3, Ps 2:9, Rev 18:12
Kill by an instrument of iron – Num 35:16
Iron – represents rulership (i.e., rod of iron, Rev 19:15, 2:27, Ps 2:9).
It can also provide protection (breastplates, Rev 9:10 and gates Acts 12:10).
Breastplate – Eph 6:14, 1 Thess 5:8 (righteousness, faith, love)
Put trust in own works, ability, strength

Sounds of Wings like chariots, many horses running to battle – Job 39:25, Is 9:5, Joel 2:5-7, Nahum 2:4-5

The sound of the locusts – Joel 2:1-5 (battle)
Wings – transport God (i.e. work) – Eze 1,10
Where God protects/shelters (refuge/salvation) – Ps 17:8, Ps 36:7, Ps 57:1, Ps 63:7
Cherubim wings overshadow mercy seat – Ex 25:20, 1 Ki 8:7, 1 Chr 28:18, Heb 9:5
The word ‘wings’ (Hebrew: kanaph, H3671) occurs a little more than 100 times in the Old Testament and is often used in conjunction with birds spreading their wings. A similar word (H83, eber, pinions) is also used 3 times I the Bible. From a negative viewpoint, we find that overspreading wings of a bird was used as an idol (Deut 4:17). It is also used in a negative manner regarding Judah seeking refuge in the great wings of Egypt (Eze 17:3-7). In Dan 9:27, we find that trusting in abominations rather than the overspreading wings of God, shall make Jerusalem desolate.
From a positive viewpoint, we find that the spreading of wings can represent salvation / Protection that God provides – Ex 19:4, Ps 17:8, Ps 36:7, Ps 57:1, Ps 61:4, Ps 63:7, Ps 91:4, Is 8:8, Ruth 2:11-12, Eze 5:3, Eze 16:8, Hag 2:12, Zech 8:23, Mal 4:2, Mat 23:37.
God rides on the wings of the spirit – 2 Sam 22:11, Ps 18:10, Ps 104:3

Rev 9:11 – King of the Locusts – Abaddon / Apollyon

And they had a king over them, which is the angel of the bottomless pit, whose name in the Hebrew tongue is Abaddon, but in the Greek tongue hath his name Apollyon.

(Rev 9:11)

Angel of the bottomless pit

Messenger – Satan is a deceiver/false teacher/father of lies – John 8:44, 1 John 3:8, Gen 3
Satan – King of the World – Job 1:6-12, 2:1-7, John 14:30, 16:11, 12:31, Eph 2:2, 6:12
Angel of the abyss – messenger of the wrath of God (Satan does God’s bidding)
Babylon – Rev 17:13,17
Pharaoh – Ro 9:17
Job 1-2 – Satan comes in to God with the sons of God (angels)
Bottomless pit – see notes above on Rev 9:1-2

Hebrew tongue, Abaddon – Greek tongue, Apollyon

Hebrew and Greek
- Jew and Gentile alike – see Gal 3:28, Eph 2:14, 1 Cor 1:22-24, represents all people
Abaddon (literally, wander away, perish, related to Hebrew words H6 through H13, total of 205 occurrences)
Shall thy lovingkindness be declared in the grave? or thy faithfulness in destruction?
(Psa 88:11)
Hell is naked before him, and destruction hath no covering. (Job 26:6)
And when he looked on Amalek, he took up his parable, and said, Amalek was the first of the nations; but his latter end shall be that he perish forever. (Num 24:20)
Thus shall ye say unto them, The gods that have not made the heavens and the earth, even they shall perish from the earth, and from under these heavens. (Jer 10:11)
Thou hast rebuked the heathen, thou hast destroyed the wicked, thou hast put out their name for ever and ever. (Psa 9:5)
O thou enemy, destructions are come to a perpetual end: and thou hast destroyed cities; their memorial is perished with them. (Psa 9:6)
Apollyon (literally, a destroyer (G623, 1 occurrence)), related to Greek word G622 (apollumi), to destroy / perish, which has 93 occurrences)
- Rev 9:11 – king over them, which is the angel of the bottomless pit; in the Hebrew tongue is Abaddon, but in Greek it is Apollyon
- John 10:10 – The thief comes to steal, kill and to destroy
- 2 Thess 2:10 – man of sin (antichrist) comes with all deception in those who perish
- Mat 12:14 – Pharisees went out and held a council against him, how they might destroy him
- Mk 3:6 – The Pharisees…took counsel with the Herodians against Him, how they might destroy Him
- Mk 11:18 – Scribes and chief priests heard and sought how they might destroy Him
- Mat 27:20 – But the chief priests and elders persuaded the multitude that they should ask for Barabbas and destroy Jesus
- Lk 19:47 – the chief priests, scribes and chief of the people sought to destroy Him
- Mat 2:13 – Herod sought the young child to destroy Him
- John 3:16 – believe in Him that they not perish
- Given eternal life that they shouldnot perish – John 10:28
- Mat 8:25 – save us, we perish
Satan as a destroyer
- Sought to devour Christ – Rev 12:4
- Seek to devour – 1 Pet 5:8
- Thief comes to steal, kill and destroy – John 10:11
- Devil has the power of death – Heb 2:14
- Murderer from the beginning – John 8:44
- Filled with violence – Eze 28:16
- Gathers to battle against God, resulting in destruction – Rev 20:7-9
Other Names for Satan
- Satan – adversary – Rev 2:9,13,24, 3:9, 12:9, 20:2,7
- Devil – accuser – Rev 2:10, 12:9,12, 20:2,10
- Dragon – Rev 12:3-17, 13:2,4,11, 16:13, 20:2
- Serpent – Rev 9:19, Rev 12:9, Rev 12:14-15, Rev 20:2
- Leviathan – Job 41:1, Is 27:1, Ps 24:14, 104:26
- Murderer – John 8:44
- King of Babylon – Is 14:1-23, Dan 4, etc.
- King of Tyre – Eze 28:11-19

6^th Trumpet – Tribulation on the Church (Rev 9:13-21)

Rev 9:13-15 – 6^th Angel Looses the 4 Angels Bound at the River Euphrates

And the sixth angel sounded, and I heard a voice from the four horns of the golden altar which is before God,

(Rev 9:13)

Saying to the sixth angel which had the trumpet, Loose the four angels which are bound in the great river Euphrates.

(Rev 9:14)

And the four angels were loosed, which were prepared for an hour, and a day, and a month, and a year, for to slay the third part of men. (Rev 9:15)

Golden altar – see notes on Rev 8:3-4, Rev 6:9 (alter of incense – see Lk 18:1-8)

Four horns

4 – see notes on Rev 4:5-9
Gr: keras, G2768 – 11 occurrences
Heb: qeren, H7161/H7162 – 90 occurrences
Horns – altar of incense – Ex 30:2-3, Ex 30:10, Ex 37:25-26
Horns – altar of sacrifice – Ex 27:2, Ex 38:2
- Where atonement is made (Day of Atonement, Lev 16:18, Lev 16:12-13
- Where blood is placed – Lev 8:15, Lev 9:9, Ex 29:12, Lev 4:7-34
- Where repentance is attempted – 1 Ki 1:50-51, 1 Ki 2:28, Ex 21:14
Strength of Salvation
Lord Jesus Christ – Horn of salvation (strength to bring salvation) – Lk 1:69, Ps 18:2, 2 Sam 22:3, 1 Sam 2:10 (strength), Ps 18:2
Horn of David to bud – Ps 132:19
Horn of Israel to bud – Eze 29:21
Lamb with 7 horns – Rev 5:6 (perfection of Lamb’s perfect purpose of salvation)
4 horns of golden altar before the throne – Rev 9:13
Place of atonement – Ex 30:2-3, Ex 30:10, Lev 16;18 (Day of Atonement, Lev 16:8,12‑13)
Construction of 4 horns ‑ Ex 27:2, Ex 30:2-3, Ex 37:25‑26, Ex 38:2, Eze 43:15, Eze 43:20
Where blood is placed ‑ Lev 8:15, Lev 9:9, Lev 4:7, Lev 4:18, Lev 4:25, Lev 4:30, Lev 4:34, Lev 8:15, Lev 9:9, Ex 29:12, Ex 30:10
For sin offerings, some blood on the horns of the altar of incense (rest under altar of burnt offering) – Lev 4:7, Lev 4:18
Sacrifice bound to the horns of altar – Ps 118:28
Sin of Judah written on horns of altar – Jer 17:1
Hill, where the vineyard is – Isa 5:1
Ram caught by horns offered by Abraham – Gen 22:13
Horns of Joseph push people to ends of earth – Deut 33:17
God has horns (strength for salvation) out of his hand – Hab 3:4
Lord’s horn exalted because of salvation – Ps 112:9
Horn also can refer to strength of kingdoms / leaders to attempt salvation
Where repentance is attempted ‑ appeal to authority of God at altar ‑ 1 Ki 1:50‑51, 1 Ki 2:28, Ex 21:14
Horns of the altar of Bethel to be cut off – Amos 3:14
Take horns by own strength – Amos 6:13
Antichrist – Rev 13:1, Rev 13:11
Satan’s kingdom – Rev 12;3, Rev 17:3, Rev 17:7, Rev 17:12, Rev 17:16
10 horns – Rev 12:3, Rev 13:1, Rev 17:3,9-12, Dan 7:7-8, Dan 7:11, Dan 7:20-21, Dan 7:24 (fullness of sovereign strength)
2 Horns of Greece – Dan 8:3, Dan 8:6-7, Dan 8:20
Strength of nations to scatter Judah, Israel and Jerusalem – Zech 1:18-21
Horns of ivory brought as a present from the men of Dedan – Eze 27:15
Need to be saved from horns of unicorns – Ps 22:21
Prideful Horn of wicked – Ps 75:4-5
Shepherds of Israel pushed the diseased with their horns – Eze 34:21
Horns of iron push Syrians – 1 Ki 22:10, 2 Chr 18:10
Horn of Moab cut off – Jer 48:25
Horn of Israel cut off – Lam 2:3, Lam 2:17 (horn of adversaries set up)
Horn of God’s people favored by God
In the Lord’s favor, horn will be exalted – Ps 89:17
In the Lord’s faithfulness, His name horn exalted – Ps 89:24
Exalted, anointed with oil – Ps 92:10
Horn of his people exalted – Ps 148:14
Trumpet – Jericho – Josh 6:5
Samuel’s horn filled with oil for anointing – 1 Sam 16:1, 1 Sam 16:13
Hannah’s horn exalted due to salvation – 1 Sam 2:1
Horns of wicked cut off, horns of righteous exalted – Ps 75:10
Zadok anointed Solomon – 1 Ki 1:39
Musician’s horn lifted up – 1 Chr 25:5
Job’s horn defiled in the dust – Job 16:15
Horn of Zion like iron for judgment – Mic 4:13
Cornet – Dan 3:5, Dan 3:7, Dan 3:10, Dan 3:15 (worship of image)

Voice from the four horns

Christ is horn of salvation – Ps 18:2, 2 Sam 22:3, Lk 1:69
God allows this affliction on true believers

Four Angels (not the same 4 angels as Rev 7:1-2)

4 – number of universality (see notes on Rev 4:5-9)
Angels are messengers – see notes on Rev 1:1, Rev 1:16

Bound

Satan bound – Rev 20:1-3, Mat 12:22-29, Mk 3:23-27, Lk 11:12-22, Mat 16:18f, Col 1:13, Col 2:15, Heb 2:14, James 4:7
Demons bound – 2 Pdet 2:4, Jude 6

Euphrates

Old Testament – 19 occurences
One of the 4 rivers in Eden – Gen 2:14
Boundary of the promised land – Gen 15:18, Deut 1:7, Deut 11:24, Josh 1:4, 1 Chr 5:9, 1 Chr 18:3, 2 Sam 8:3
Associated w/ Assyria – 2 Ki 23:29 (Assyria later consumed into Babylon – Dan 2:37-38, Jer 27:5-7, Dan 4:21-22)
Associated with Babylon – 2 Ki 24:7 (Babylon located on the Euphrates), Jer 13:4-7
Where Nebuchadnezzar, King of Babylon defeated Egypt – Jer 46:2-10, 2 Chr 35:20 (Carchemish)
Where Babylon will sink – Jer 51:63-64
New Testament – 2 occurrences – Rev 9:14, Rev 16:12
- 6^th Bowl of Judgment: And the sixth angel poured out his vial upon the great river Euphrates; and the water thereof was dried up, that the way of the kings of the east might be prepared. (Rev 16:12)

The Spiritual significance of Babylon (The Kingdom of Satan) – See Babylon Study (Rev 17-18)

Satan is the King – Is 14:1-23
Babylon was used to besiege and destroy Jerusalem (Jer 52, 2 Chr 36, 2 Ki 25)
Will receive the wrath of God – Rev 16:19
Great religious harlot – Rev 17:1-7 (symbol of end-time False Christianity)
Great city which reigns over the kings of the earth – Rev 17:18
Tower of Babel – Gen 11
Dwelling place of demons – Rev 18:2
All nations have committed acts of immorality – Rev 18:3
Nations deceived by her sorcery – Rev 18:23
Where the blood of prophets, saints, and all who were slain is found (Rev 18:24)

Prepared for hour, day, month, year

God has a specific timetable – Hab 2:3, Acts 1:7, 2 Pet 3:9, Gal 4:4-5, John 2:4, John 7:6-8, John 8:20, Mat 26:18, Rev 11:18, Dan 9:24-27, Act 17:26, Deu 29:29, Dan 2:21, Mat 24:36, Mar 13:32, Luk 21:24, Eph 1:10, 1Th 5:1-2

1/3 – type of those being saved – see notes on Rev 8:7-12 above

Slay

Battle of the kingdoms ‑ spiritual battle, not physical (Mat 10:34‑36, Lk 12:51‑53)
Killing by words / tongue ‑ 1 John 3:15, Mat 5:21‑22, Pr 11:9, Ro 3:13‑15, Jer 9:3, 18:18, Ps 140:3, Ro 3:13, James 3:8, Pr 18:21, Ps 52:4, 57:4, 59:7, 64:3, 120:2
Weapons are not of the flesh, but spiritual (not a political battle) ‑ Eph 6:11‑12, Phil 3:20, Mat 24:7, Is 42:6‑7, Eph 2:6, 1 Pet 2:5‑11,20ff, Mat 22:15‑22, Lk 2:14, Hos 1:7, 2 Tim 2:4, 2 Cor 10:3f, Eph 2:19, Mk 8:31‑33, 1 Pet 1:1, Rev 1:6, Heb 13:14, Col 1:13, John 18:36‑37, Col 3:1‑4, Lk 12:14, Mat 10:34, 2 Tim 2:16, Mk 12:17, Ps 73:25, Zech 9:9, Lk 22:36, Ro 12:1‑2, Lk 12:13ff, Mat 5:38f, 1 Cor 6:1‑8, Hos 8:9, 7:11, Ro 13
War by faith and a good conscience – 1 Tim 1:18-19
Fight the good fight of faith – 1 Tim 6:12
Fleshly lusts wage war ‑ 1 Pet 2:11, James 4:11, Ro 7:23
Dead to sin ‑ Ro 6:2
Crucify flesh with passions ‑ Gal 5:24
Lose life for Christ ‑ Mat 10:39, Mk 8:35, John 12:24:25, Lk9:23‑26, 2 Tim 2:11
Bear cross ‑ Lk 9:23, Mat 10:38, 16:24, Mk 8:34, Lk 17:33, John 12:25
Spirit vs. Flesh ‑ Gal 5:17, Ro 8:5‑11
Mortify your members – Col 3:5
Christians die daily ‑ Mat 24:9, 2 Cor 1:9,4:10‑12, 6:9,7:3, Ro 8:35‑39, James 5:6, 1 John 3:15, 1 Cor 4:9, 15:31, Mat 5:21‑22, Hab 1:2‑4, James 2:9‑11, Ps 94:1‑7, 44:22, Rev 6:9, Mk 8:35
Old Testament violence ‑ persecution of the righteous ‑ Hab 1:2,9, Ob 10, Pr 16:29, Joel 3:19, Gen 27:41, ze25:12, Amos 1:11, Jer 20:8, Ps 11:5, Mat 24:9
Ps 140:1‑4 ‑ violence with words
Innocent blood ‑ 2 Ki 24:4, Jer 22:17
Christians Have Been Crucified w/ Christ ‑ Gal 2:20, 5:24, 6:14, Ro 6:6
Wars and rumors of wars Spiritual war ‑ see 1 Pet 2:11, 2 Tim 2:4, Lk 14:31, 1 Cor 9:7, 1 Tim 1:18, 2 Cor 10:3‑4, Rev 11:7, Rev 12:7,17, 13:4,7, 17:14, 19:11,19, see Rev 6:3‑4 notes

Rev 9:16 – The Number of Horsemen

And the number of the army of the horsemen were two hundred thousand thousand: and I heard the number of them. (Rev 9:16)

Army (soldiers)

G4752 – Gr: strateia – 2 occurrences
- Weapons of our warfare are not carnal, but might through God – 2 Cor 10:4
- Timothy charge to war a good ‘warfare’ – 1 Tim 1:18
G4753 – Gr: strateuma – 8 occurrences
- Parable – king sent forth His armies to destroy – Mat 22:7
- Herod and his men of war mocked Christ – Lk 23:11
- Soldiers rescued and took Paul to the castle – Acts 23:10, Acts 23:27
- Army of the horsemen – Rev 9:16
- Armies from heaven followed Christ (angels) Rev 19:14
- Beast and kings of the earth and their army to make war with Christ – Rev 19:19
G4754 – Gr: strateuomai – 7 occurrences
- Soldiers ask John the Baptist what they should do – Lk 3:14
- Who goes to was at his own expense (charge) – 1 Cor 9:7 (type of a Christian)
- Though we walk in the flesh, we do not war after the flesh – 2 Cor 10:3
- Timothy charge to ‘war’ a good warfare – 1 Tim 1:18
- No man that wars entangles himself with the affairs of this life – 2 Tim 2:4
- From where come wars and fighting – James 4:1
- Abstain from fleshly lusts, which war against the soul – 1 Pet 2:11
G4755 – Gr: strategos – 10 occurrences (captains)
- Judas communed with chief priests and captains how to betray – Lk 22:4
- Jesus questions chief priests and captains at His arrest – Lk 22:52
- The chief priests and captains question the disciples – Acts 4:1, Acts 5:24, Acts 5:26
- Brought Paul to magistrate at Philippi – Acts 16:20, Acts 16:22, Acts 16:35-38
G4756 – Gr: stratia (host) – 2 occurrences
- Host of angels – Lk 2:13
- Worship the host of heaven – Acts 7:432
G4757 – Gr: stratiotes – 26 occurrences – soldiers
- Soldiers under authority – Mat 8:9
- Soldiers of the governor took Jesus – Mat 27:27, Mk 15:16
- Gave money to soldiers – Mat 28:12
- Man with soldiers under him comes to Jesus – Lk 7:8
- Soldiers mocked Christ and offered Him vinegar – Lk 23:36
- Soldiers made a crown of thorns and put it on His head – John 19:2
- Soldiers crucified Jesus and parted His garments – John 19:23-24
- Soldiers came to break legs – John 19:32
- Soldier pierced His side – John 19:34
- Cornelius’ soldiers served – Acts 10:7
- 4 quaternions of soldiers kept Peter between 2 soldiers – Acts 12:4-6
- Stir among soldiers as to what happened to Peter – Acts 12:18
- Stop beating Paul when they saw the soldiers – Acts 21:32
- Soldiers bore Paul because of violence – Acts 21:35
- 200 soldiers took Paul to Caesarea – Acts 23:23
- Soldiers took Paul to Antipatris – Acts 23:31
- Paul told the soldiers that they must abide in the ship or they cannot be saved – Acts 27:31-32
- Oldiers advised to kill prisoners – Actsa 27:42
- Paul in Rome – soldier kept him – Acts 28:16
- Ensure hardness as a good soldier of Jesus Christ – 2 Tim 2:3
G4758 – Gr: stratologeo – 1 occurrence
- Enlisted as a soldier – No man that wars entangles himself with the affairs of this life – 2 Tim 2:4
G4759 – Gr: stratopedarches – 1 occurrence
- Prisoners delivered to the captain of the guard – Acts 28:16
G4760 – Gr: stratopedon – 1 occurrence
- Jerusalem encompassed with armies (Great Tribulation) – Lk 21:20

Horsemen – war/battle (spiritual) – see notes on Rev 6:1-8, Rev 9:7, Rev 9:15

200,000,000

Literally, ‘two myriads of myriads’
2 – points to the false church (Babylon – see Babylon Study – Rev 17-18)
- Number of the witness of the church – Rev 11:3-4, Mk 6:7, Lk 10:1, Mat 18:18-20, 2=Israel and church, 2 covenants, 2 comings of Christ, etc.
- Moses and Elijah at Transfiguration – Mat 17:1-4
- Those who are sent – Mk 6:7, Gen 19:1, Josh 2:1
- 12 disciples named in pairs – Mat 10:1-4
- Witnesses – Mat 18:18-20, Lk 10:1, John 8:17, Rev 11:3-4, Deut 17:16, Mat 18:16, John 20:3, Lk 24:13, Mk 16:12, Mat 21:1, Ecc 4:9-12
- 2 goats – Lev 16
- 2 myriad myriad – false witnesses – Rev 9:16
- 2 debtors – Mat 18:21-35 (Mat 18:18-20)
- 2 = Israel and church, Eph 2:15, 2 covenants (Gal 4:24), 2 comings of Christ, etc. – witnesses
- Eph 2:15 – two into one
- 2 witnesses – Rev 11:2-4, John 8:17, Deut 17:6, Mat 18:16, John 20:3, Lk 24:13, Mk 16:12, Mk 6:7, Lk 10:1, John 8:17, John 20:3, 1 Ki 21:10-14
- 2 or 3 witnesses –Mat 18:16, Deut 17:6, Deut 19:15, John 8:17, Heb 10:28, 1 Tim 5:19, 2 Cor 13:1, Num 35:30, Josh 7:3, 2 Ki 9:32
- 2 Sons – Lk 15:11, Mat 21:28-32, Esau and Jacob, Isaac and Ishmael
- 2 spies of Joshua sent to Jericho – Josh 2:1-4
- 2 faithful witnesses of the promised land – Num 13-14
- All Christians are witnesses – Rev 1:5, Rev 2:13
- 2 angels witnesses to the resurrection of Christ – Lk 24:4, Acts 1:10
- 2 become 1 flesh – Mat 19:15, 1 Cor 6:16
- 2 Tablets of testimony – Ex 31:18
- 2 false witnesses against Naboth – 1 Ki 21:10-13
- 2 false witnesses against Jesus before high priest – Mat 22:60, Mk 14:57-59
- Beast and False prophet – Rev 13
Myriads of myriads
- Myriads of myriads – 3 occurrences, largest possible amount:
  - Angels – Rev 5:11
  - Horsemen – Rev 9:16
  - Those who stand before throne on Judgment Day – Dan 7:10
- New Testament – Gr: murias (G3461 and G3463 – 12 occurrences) – 10,000 largest number
- Rev 9:16 – Lit: myriads of myriads (Gr: murias), myriad is 10,000
- Mat 18:24 – parable of 2 debtors – second owed ten thousand talents
- 1 Cor 4:15 – ten thousand instructors
- 1 Cor 14:19 – ten thousand words in an unknown tongue
- Lk 12:1 – ‘innumerable multitude’ of people to the extent they trampled on each other
- Heb 12:22 – ‘innumerable company’ of angels
- Rev 5:11 – ten thousand times ten thousand angels around throne
- Jude 14 – Lord comes with ten thousands of His saints
- Acts 21:20 – how many thousands of Jews believed
- Acts 19:19 – curious arts books – 50,000 pieces of silver
- Old Testament – Heb: rebabah – H7233 – 16 occurrences – 10,000 – largest number
- 1 Sam 18:7-8, 1 Sam 21:11, 1 Sam 29:5 – David slew myriads but Saul, thousands)
- Gen 24:60 – Rebekah – mother of thousands of ‘millions’
- Lev 26:8 – hundred put 10,000 to flight
- Num 10:36 – return unto ‘man’ thousands of Israel
- Deut 32:30 – two put ten thousand to flight
- Deut 33:2 – Lord came from Sinai with ten thousands of His saints
- Deut 33:17 – ten thousands of Ephraim, thousands of Manasseh
- Jud 20:10 – a thousand out of ten thousand
- Ps 3:6 – not to be afraid of 10,000 people that set themselves around you
- Ps 91:7 – 10,000 fall at thy right hand
- Son 5:10 – My beloved, chief among ten thousand
- Eze 16:7 – Lord caused Israel to ‘multiply’ as the bud of the field
- Micah 6:7 – Will the Lord be pleased with ten thousands of rivers
- Old Testament – Heb: ribbo – H7239, H7240 – 12 occurrences – 10,000 largest number
- Ribbo, Ribbo: Ten thousand times ten thousand stood before the throne on Judgment Day – Dan 7:10
- Service of the house of God – 10,000 drams – 1 Chr 29:7
- Used in a number (literal 10,000) – 1 Chr 29:7, Ezra 2:60, Ezra 2:69, Neh 7:66, Neh 7:71-72 , Jonah 4:11
- Chariots of God (even thousands of angels) – Ps 68:17
- King of the north casts down 10,000 – Dan 11:12

Heard the number

Rev 7:9 Which no man could number – refers to Christians are hidden with Christ
Abraham’s descendants (God’s people) – Gen 13:16, Gen 17:4, Ro 4:16, Ro 4:23-25, Gal 3:6-29
Sand of the sea – Heb 11:12, Hos 1:10, Gen 22:17, Gen 32:12, 2 Sa 17:11, 1 Ki 4:20, Isa 10:22, Is 48:19, Jer 33:22, Rom 9:27, Rev 20:8.
Innumerable multitude – Lk 12:1
David punished for numbering Israel – 2 Sam 24
Christians are hid with Christ – Col 3:3, 1 Pet 3:4, Rev 2:17, 1 John 3:1, Mat 13:33-34, Mat 13:24-30 with Mat 13:36-43
Creation waits for the revealing of God’s people – Ro 8:18-20
To be numbered means to be unsaved

Rev 9:17-19 – The Description and Action of the Horsemen against 1/3 of People

And thus I saw the horses in the vision, and them that sat on them, having breastplates of fire, and of jacinth, and brimstone: and the heads of the horses were as the heads of lions; and out of their mouths issued fire and smoke and brimstone. (Rev 9:17)

By these three was the third part of men killed, by the fire, and by the smoke, and by the brimstone, which issued out of their mouths. (Rev 9:18)

For their power is in their mouth, and in their tails: for their tails were like unto serpents, and had heads, and with them they do hurt. (Rev 9:19)

1/3 of men killed

See notes above on Rev 8:6-12 and Rev 9:15

Breastplate of Fire, jacinth and Brimstone

Breastplate
- 1 Thess 5:8 – faith and love
- Eph 6:14 – righteousness
- Rev 9:9 – of iron
- Rev 9:16 – fire, jacinth and brimstone
Fire
- That which destroys (judgment) – 2 Th 1:6-8, Jude 7, 2 Pet 3:7, Heb 10:27, Heb 12:29, Mat 25:41
Brimstone
- Gr: theiodes (G2306) – 1 occurrence – Rev 9:17-18
  - Breastplates of Satan’s army and what issues from their mouth – Rev 9:17-18
- Gr: theion (G2303)
  - Lake of fire and brimstone – Rev 14:10, Rev 19:20, Rev 20:10, Rev 21:8
  - Rained with fire on Sodom and Gomorrah – Lk 17-20
- Eze 38:22 – judgment on people
- Is 30:33 – breath of the Lord is like a stream of brimstone
- Ps 11:6 – fire and brimstone rains on wicked
- Deut 29:23, Job 18:15, Is 34:9 – burning waste where nothing can grow
- Gen 19:24, Lk 17:29 – brimstone and fire – judgment rained from above on Sodom and Gomorrah
Jacinth
- Only occurrence of G5191 (huakinthinos) – literally, from hyacinthine – deep blue
  - G5192 (huakinthos) – Rev 21:20 – name of the eleventh apostolic precious bluish stone
  - Satan’s kingdom looks like true apostle
- Blue in OT – H8504 (Heb: tekeleth, 49 occurrences)
  - Tabernacle, curtains, loops, vail, hangings – Ex 25:4, Ex 26:1, Ex 26:4, Ex 26:31, Ex 26:36, Ex 27:16, Ex 35:6, Ex 35:23, Ex 35:25, Ex 35:35, Ex 36:8, Ex 36:11, Ex 36:35, Ex 36:37, Ex 38:18, Ex 38:23, Num 4:6
  - Table of showbread – cloth of blue – Num 4:7
  - Cloth of blue to cover the candlestick of light – Num 4:9
  - Golden altar of incense – cover – Num 4:11
  - Instruments of service of the tabernacle wrapped in blue cloth – Num 4:12
  - Color in the high priests ephod / girdle / lace – Ex 28:5-6, Ex 28:8, Ex 28:28, Ex 39:1-2, Ex 39:5, Ex 39:29
  - Robe of ephod all blue – Ex 28:31, Ex 28:33 (pomegranates of blue), Ex 39:3 Ex 39:22, Ex 39:24
  - Blue lace on the mitre for the priests head – Ex 28:37-38, Ex 39:31
  - Breastplate – Ex 28:15, Ex 39:8, Ex 39:21
  - Fringes (tassles) on borders of their garments – Num 15:38
  - Preparation for building the temple – 2 Chr 2:7
  - Vail of blue, purple crimson, fine linen with cherubims – 2 Chr 3:14
  - Court of King Ahasuerus’ garden for feast – Est 1:6
  - Mordecai in royal apparel of blue and white – Est 8:15
  - Idolators – blue and purple is their clothing – Jer 10:9
  - Tyre’s fine linen from Egypt – blue and purple – blue clothes – Ex 27:7, Ex 27:24
  - Often combined with purple – Exo 25:4, Exo 26:1, Exo 26:31, Exo 26:36, Exo 27:16, Exo 28:5, Exo 28:6, Exo 28:8, Exo 28:15, Exo 28:33, Exo 35:6, Exo 35:23, Exo 35:25, Exo 35:35, Exo 36:8, Exo 36:35, Exo 36:37, Exo 38:18, Exo 38:23, Exo 39:1, Exo 39:2, Exo 39:3, Exo 39:5, Exo 39:8, Exo 39:24, Exo 39:29, 2Ch 2:7, 2Ch 2:14, 2Ch 3:14, Est 1:6, Est 8:15, Jer 10:9, Eze 27:7
  - Purple
    - Mk 15:17-20, John 19:2-5 – Christ was made to wear a ‘purple robe’ and mocked prior to His crucifixion
    - Est 8:15, Song 7:5 – Purple, along with fine linen, was considered to be royal apparel
    - Ex 39:5 – used in the Ephod for the high priest of Israel
    - Lk 16:19 – adorned on the rich man
    - Babylon – Rev 17:4
    - Babylon’s merchandise – Rev 18:12, Rev 18:16
  - Blue, purple and scarlet in combination – Exo 25:4, Exo 26:1, Exo 26:31, Exo 26:36, Exo 27:16, Exo 28:5, Exo 28:6, Exo 28:8, Exo 28:15, Exo 28:33, Exo 35:6, Exo 35:23, Exo 35:25, Exo 35:35, Exo 36:8, Exo 36:35, Exo 36:37, Exo 38:18, Exo 38:23, Exo 39:1, Exo 39:2, Exo 39:3, Exo 39:5, Exo 39:8, Exo 39:24, Exo 39:29.
  - Imitation of Christians as priests and kings – Rev 1:6, Rev 5:10, 1 Pet 2:9‑10, Eph 2:6, 2 Tim 2:12, Ro 5:17
- Methods of destruction (for example)
  - Be sober, be vigilant; because your adversary the devil, as a roaring lion, walks about, seeking whom he may devour: Whom resist steadfast in the faith, knowing that the same afflictions are accomplished in your brethren that are in the world. (1Pe 5:8-9)
  - My people are destroyed for lack of knowledge: because thou hast rejected knowledge … (Hos 4:6)
  - Whosoever hates his brother is a murderer: and ye know that no murderer hath eternal life abiding in him. (1Jn 3:15)
  - Then shall they deliver you up to be afflicted, and shall kill you: and ye shall be hated of all nations for my name’s sake. (Mat 24:9)
  - And it was given unto him to make war with the saints, and to overcome them: and power was given him over all tribes, and tongues, and nations. (Rev 13:7)

Heads of horses like lions

Heads – authority – 1 Cor 11:3-7, Eph 1:22, Eph 4:15, Eph 5:23, Col 1:18, Col 2:10
Lion – typifies Satan as devourer – 1 Pet 5:8, Ps 22:13, Eze 22:25, Heb 11:33, Ps 7:2, Ps 17:10-12, Ps 10:9, Jer 2:30, 2 Tim 4:17
Lion – Satan – 1 Pet 5:8

- Judgment ‑ 2 Ki 17:25‑26, Jer 2:30, Jer 5:6, 2 Ki 13:26, 1 Sam 17:37, Hos 11:10, Dan 6 (Daniel in the lion’s den)
- Christ as a Lion: devours in judgment by Word of God – Gen 49:9, Rev 5:5, Rev 4:7, Pr 19:12, Hos 11:9‑11, Is 31:4, Jer 25:30, Amos 1:2, Judges 14:5, Lam 3:10, Joel 3:16, Hos 13:7‑8, 5:14, Amos 3:6‑8, Rev 10:3

Lord roars in judgment – Hos 11:10, Joel 3:16, Amos 1:2, Rev 10:3, Is 5:29, Pr 19:12

Mouths issued fire, smoke and brimstone

Mouth
- Where words originate – false teaching / negative – Ro 3:14, Ro 3:19, Jude 16, 1 Pet 2:22, Mat 15:1-20, James 3:3, James 3:10, Col 3:8, Rev 13:5, Micah 6:12, Zeph 3:13, Pr 15:2
- God’s word – Rev 4:4, Ro 10:8-10, Eph 6:19, 2 Cor 13:1, Is 1:20, Is 48:3, Ps 89:1, Ps 119:13, Ps 119:43, Ps 119:72, Ps 119:88, Ps 119:103, Ps 119:131, Rev 19:
- Eating scroll like honey – Eze 3:2-3, Rev 10:10
- Jesus as Judge (2-edged sword) – Rev 19:15, Rev 19:21, Rev 1:16, Rev 2:12, Rev 2:16, Is 11;4, Is 30:33, 2 Thess 2:8
- False doctrine – where words originate – see notes on Rev 1:16, 1 Pet 5:8, Mat 23:24, Heb 11:29, where devouring occurs
Fire and brimstone – see notes above Rev 9:17
Smoke – see Rev 9:2 notes
Significance of the number 3 – will of God – Mk 14:41, 9:31, Lk 13:27, 2 Cor 12:7-8

Power – Gr: exousia = authority (Satan’s authority in the church)

Gr: exousia (G1849) – literally, authority occasion or the right to do something – 103 occurrences
Satan gives authority (G1849) to the Beast – Rev 13:2, Rev 16:10, Rev 17:12, Rev 19:20, Rev 20:3
G1849 in Revelation – Rev 2:26, Rev 6:8, Rev 9:3, Rev 9:10, Rev 9:19, Rev 11:6, Rev 12:10, Rev 13:2, Rev 13:4, Rev 13:5, Rev 13:7, Rev 13:12, Rev 14:18, Rev 16:9, Rev 17:12, Rev 17:13, Rev 18:1, Rev 20:6, Rev 22:14.

Tails Like serpents having heads, by them they do hurt

See notes on Rev 9:5, Rev 9:10
- Tail of a scorpion – Rev 9:10
- Heb: H2180 (zanab) – 11 occurrences
- Ex 4:4 – Moses takes serpent by tail and it becomes his staff
- The Lord will make you the head and not the tail (blessing) – Deut 28:13
- Lender shall be the tail (curse) – Deut 28:44
  - Foxes tied by tails / fire by Samson – Jud 15:4
  - Behemoth moves tail like a cedar – Job 40:17
  - 2 Tails of smoking firebrands (kings of Assyria and Israel) – Is 7:4
  - No work that the head or tail in Egypt can do – Is 9:14-15
  - Serpents in the Bible
- Hebrew word (H5175) is rooted in the Hebrew word (H5172), to ‘hiss’
  - The word ‘hiss’ (H5172) is translated as enchantments, divining, etc.
    - The Hebrew word for ‘enchantments’ is nachash (H5172, H5173) which literally means to ‘hiss’. It occurs 11 times in the Old Testament.
    - Enchantments are condemned by God in the law (Lev 19:26, Deut 18:10-12) as being an abomination. It was one of the causes of the exile of the northern 10 tribes of Israel (2 Ki 17:17) as well as the captivity of Judah.
    - Num 23:23 – an enchantment is just one form of the broader act of ‘divination’ (H7080, H7081), which involves the false information given by ‘spiritual’ entities using mystical means.
    - Other occurrences of ‘enchantments’ (H5172, H5173) are found in relation to Laban (Gen 30:27), Joseph (Gen 44:5, 44:15), Balaam (Num 23:23, 24:1) and the messengers of Syrian King Ben-Hadad sent to Ahab, King of Israel (1 Ki 20:33)
  - Greek word (H3789) literally means ‘sharp vision’ (i.e., cunning / sly)
  - Serpent – type of Satan – Rev 9:19, Rev 12:9, Rev 12:14-15, Rev 20:2
  - The Deceptive Serpent in the Garden of Eden and in the Book of Revelation
    - Gen 3:1 – More subtle (prudent / crafty) that any other beast of the field
    - Gen 3:1 – Questioned God’s word – ‘shall you not eat of every tree of the garden?’
    - Gen 3:4 – You shall surely not die (deception) since God meant spiritually die, not physically die
    - Gen 3:5 – your eyes will be opened and you shall be as gods, knowing good and evil (deception)
    - Gen 3:13 – Woman said that the serpent deceived her
      - 2 Cor 11:3 – As the serpent beguiled Eve, through his subtlety so your minds may be corrupted from the simplicity that is in Christ
    - Gen 3:14, Is 65:25 – Then serpent was cursed by God, go on its belly, eat the dust of the earth
    - Gen 3:15 – enmity between the woman’s Seed and serpent’s seed, the Seed shall bruise your head, but you shall bruise his heel
    - Revelation references
      - Rev 12:9, 20:2 – Refers to that ‘old’ serpent (i.e., he has a long history of working evil in the world)
      - Rev 12:9 – deceives whole world
      - Rev 12:14 – Woman nourished for 3 and ½ times from the face of the serpent
      - Rev 12:15 – Serpent cast out water like a flood from his mouth after the woman that she may be carried away by the flood (false gospels)
    - Dan shall be as a serpent by the way
      - Gen 49:17 – Bites the horses heels so his rider shall fall backward
      - Rev 7:1-8 – Dan as a tribe excluded from the 144,000
      - 1 Ki 12:28-30 – Jeroboam put an idol in Dan, became a sin
    - False teaching / deception
      - Serpent beguiled Eve – 2 Cor 11:3-4, 2 Cor 11:13-15
      - Wicked / evil speak lies from the womb
        
        Ps 58:4 – Poison is like that of a serpent (Ps 58:3-4)
        
        Ps 140:3 – Sharpened tongues like a serpent
      - Wine (drunkenness)
        
        Pr 23:31-32 – at last, it bites as a serpent
      - An adulteress woman (false church)
        
        Pr 30:20-21 – The way of serpent on a rock
      - Ecc 10:8 – He who breaks a hedge / wall, shall be bitten by a serpent
      - Ecc 10:11 – A babbler is like a serpent that bites without enchantment
      - Mat 23:33 – Pharisees and Scribes (false teachers) like serpents, a generation of vipers, how can they escape hell
    - During Great Tribulation, there will be great deception
      - Rev 9:19 – Locusts had power in their mouths and in their tails; tails like serpents
    - Moses Serpent (rod)
      - Ex 4:3, Ex 7:15 – Moses’ rod became a serpent in front of the Pharaoh
      - Num 21:6-9 (John 3:14-16) – Serpent of brass made by Moses and whoever looked upon it did not die
        
        John 3:14 – As Moses lifted up the serpent, so must the Son of man be lifted up – type of Christ as the cursed One
        
        Deut 18:15 – Fiery serpents
        
        2 Ki 18:4 – Hezekiah broke in pieces the serpent Moses made since it was being worshiped as an idol
        
        Jer 8:17, Mic 7:17, Amos 5:19 9:3 – Serpents to be sent as judgment on the people called by God’s name
        
        1 Cor 10:9 – Do not tempt Christ as some did and were destroyed of serpents
      - Crooked (fugitive) serpent
        
        Job 26:13 – Made by God
        
        Is 27:1 – Judgment by God on Leviathan, the piercing (fugitive) serpent
        
        Mat 23:33 – Pharisees and Scribes like serpents, a generation of vipers, how can they escape hell
      - Power to tread on serpents and scorpions
        
        When disciples sent forth proclaiming the Gospel – Lk 10:18-19, Lk 10:1
        
        The devils were subject unto the disciples – Lk 10:17
        
        Satan fall as lightning from heaven – Lk 10:18
        
        Ex 4:4 – Moses takes serpent by tail and it becomes his staff
      - Heads – authority – 1 Cor 11:3-7, Eph 1:22, Eph 4:15, Eph 5:23, Col 1:18,Col 2:10
      - Satan gives authority to his subjects – Rev 13:2 – see above on G1849 (exousia)

Rev 9:20-21 – Rest (2/3) of People did not Repent

And the rest of the men which were not killed by these plagues yet repented not of the works of their hands, that they should not worship devils, and idols of gold, and silver, and brass, and stone, and of wood: which neither can see, nor hear, nor walk: (Rev 9:20)

Neither repented they of their murders, nor of their sorceries, nor of their fornication, nor of their thefts. (Rev 9:21)

Rest of the men which were not killed by these plagues

2/3 – i.e., those who are unsaved (see Rev 9:15)

Repent

Gr: metanoeo (lit: another mind)

Intimately Linked with Salvation – Lk 24:46-48, Lk 13:3, Lk 13:5, 2 Pet 3:9, Acts 17:30-31, Acts 26:20
- See also Lk 15:7, Rev 2:5, Rev 2:16, Rev 2:21‑22, Rev 3:3, Rev 3:19, Rev 9:20‑21, Rev 16:9‑11
Preaching Gospel Involves Repentance ‑ Mk 11:20‑21, Mk 12:41, Acts 2:38, Acts 3:19, Mk 1:14‑15, Mk 2:17, Mk 6:12, Mat 9:13, Mat 4:17, Lk 5:32, Acts 20:20‑21
- John the Baptist preached repentance – Mat 3:2,8,11, Mk 1:4, Lk 3:3,8, Acts 13:24, 19:4
  - Repentance Granted by God – Acts 5:31, 2 Tim 2:24-26, Ro 2:4, Acts 11:18
  - False Repentance
- Esau ‑ Heb 12:17, Judas ‑ Mat 27:3
Unsaved minds are hostile ‑ Eph 4:17‑18, Ro 8:6‑7, Col 2:18, Eph 2:3, Ro 1:21,28, 1 Tim 6:5, 2 Tim 3:8, Titus 2:15
Christians minds are changed ‑ 1 Cor 2:16, Heb 8:10, 10:16‑17, Jer 31:34, Col 3:9‑10, 2 Tim 1:7, 2 Pet 3:1, Ro 8:5, Eph 4:23, Phil 4:7, Col 3:2, 1 Pet 1:13, Ro 12:2, Phil 4:8

Works of their hands, that they should not worship devils, and idols of gold, and silver, and brass, and stone, and of wood:

Hand represents the man’s own will
- Many times, when a nation lost to another in battle, it was referred to as being delivered into the hand of the victor (see Judges 11:32, Judges 13:1, Judges 15:12‑13, Judges 16:23‑24, 1 Chr 14:10, 1 Ki 15:18, 2 Sam 8:1, Ps 37:33, Ps 71:4, Ps 106:41-42)
- God’s right hand points to the will of God in salvation ‑ Ps 44:3, Jud 7:6, Ps 10:12, Ps 20:6-8, Ps 28:5, Ps 78:54, Ps 89:21, Ps 98:1-4, Ps 106:41‑42, Ps 136:12, Ex 13:16, Ex 15:6, Ex 15:16‑17, Jer 18:1‑6, Jer 32:21, Eze 3:14, Ex 6:6, Acts 11:21, Lk 1:66.
- See Rev 1:16, Rev 6:5, etc.
Worship devils
- Idolatry is the worshiping of demons – 1 Cor 10:20, Deut 32:17, Ps 106:37, Gal 4:8, Ex 22:20, 32:8, 34:15, 2 Chr 11:15, Lev 17:7
Works of their hands / Idols of gold, silver, brass, stone, wood
- Ps 115:1-8 for example
- That which comes from creation (worship creation rather than creator – Ro 1:25)
- When worshiping anything other than God, demons are being worshiped
- See discussion on fornication (idolatry below)
- See also Babylon study (Rev 17-18)

Which neither can see, nor hear, nor walk

Idols cannot see, hear, or walk
Spiritual blindness – Mat 13:13-16, Jer 31:8. Acts 28:26f, Ro 11:8,25, Is 6:9, Jer 5:21, Ez 12:2, John 9:39-41, Is 59:10, 35:6, 42:7,16-19
Spiritually seeing understanding God, seeing God in everything – Ro 1:20, Job 12:7-9, Ps 19, Ro 10:18, Ps 8:3
Spiritual deafness – (Ro 10:17, Mat 13:13-16, Acts 28:26f, Ro 11:8,25, Is 6:9, Jer 5:21, John 9:39-41, Is 29:18, 35:5, 42:18-19, 43:8))
Spiritually hearing of the word of God – Ro 10:17, Gal 3:2,5, Hos 4:1, Ez 36:1-4, 37:4, Hab 3:2, Is 1:10
Spiritually lame
- Run – Is 40:3, 1 Cor 9:24, Heb 12:1
- Walk – 1 Th 4:1, Eph 5:2,8, Col 1:10, Gal 5:16, Ro 6:4
- Stand – Eph 6:12-16, Ps 1:5, Rp 14:4, Phil 4:1
- Leap – Is 35:6, Lk 1:41-44,6:23
- Hold – Song 3:4, 2 Th 2;15, 1 Th 5:21, Heb 3:6, 10:23, 1 Tim 1:19, 3:9, 2 Ti 1:13

Four universal sins – Murder, Sorcery, Fornication, Theft

Four – Universal application / extent
Four – see notes on Rev 4:5-9

Murders

Spiritual (see notes on Rev 6:3-4)
- Christians die daily – Mat 24:9, 2 Cor 1:9, 2 Cor 4:10-12, 2 Cor 6:9, 2 Cor 7:3, Ro 8:35-39, James 5:6, 1 John 3:15, 1 Cor 4:9, 1 Cor 15:31, Mat 5:21-22, Hab 1:2-4, James 2:9-11, Ps 94:1-7, Ps 44:22, Rev 6:9, Mk 8:35
- Lose life for Christ – Lk 9:24, Mat 10:39, Mk 8:35
- Old Testament ‘violence’ – persecution of the righteous – Hab 1:2,9, Ob 10, Pr 16:29, Joel 3:19, Gen 27:41, Ez 25:12, Amos 1:11, Jer 20:8, Ps 11:5, Mat 24:9
  - Innocent blood – 2 Ki 24:4, Jer 22:17
- Christians Have Been Crucified w/ Christ – Gal 2:20, Gal 5:24, Gal 6:14, Ro 6:2, Ro 6:6
- Christians are living sacrifices – Ro 12:1-2, 1 Pet 2:5, Heb 13:15

Sorceries

Sorceries – Gr: pharmakeia (Gal 5:20, Rev 18:23, Rev 21:8, Rev 22:15), see also Is 47:9,12, Mal 3:5, Dan 2:2, Ex 7:11, 22:18, Jer 27:9-10, Deut 18:10, 2 Chr 33:6, 2 Ki 9:22, Micah 5:12, Nahum 3:4
See in-depth study on sorcery in Babylon Study (Rev 17-18, particularly Rev 18:23) –
- Sorcery is the deception and merchandising by worldliness

Fornication

Immorality – Gr: porneia – Mat 15:19, 1 Cor 5:1, 6:13,18, 7:2, Gal 5:19, Eph 5:3, Col 3:5, 1 Thess 4:3
Spiritually – worship of other gods and idols
- Babylon – Rev 17:1-2, Rev 17:18, Rev 18:3, Rev 18:9
- Israel was to wander 40 years in the wilderness (Num 14:33) for her whoredoms).
- Similarly, the northern 10 tribes called Israel and southern two tribes called Judah also committed abominable whoredom just as their fathers did (Eze 20:30).
- Ezekiel 16 provides a history of the whore Israel and records her whoredoms she committed with idols of other gods (Eze 16:17, 36).
- In Ezekiel 23, Israel and Judah are signified by two sisters, Oholah and Oholibah) which committed great whoredoms against God.
- In the book of Hosea, Israel is recognized as being an adulterous whore (Hos 3:3, 4:10-15-18, 5:3-4, 6:10, 9:1) in that she rebelled from God’s holy path. Hosea was told to marry a whore (Gomer), which symbolized the nation of Israel (Hos 1:2, Hos 2:2-5, Hos 3:3, Hos 4:10-15, Hos 4:18).
- There are many other references to Israel / Judah being considered as an adulterous whore, which represented their going after false gods and idols (Eze 6:9, 43:9, Jer 3:1-9, 5:7, 2 Ki 9:22, 2 Chr 21:11-15, Ex 34:15-16, Deut 31:16, Judges 2:16-17, Micah 1:7, Pr 7:10, Ps 73:27, 106:39, Lev 17:7, Is 1:21, etc.)

Thefts

Thou shall not steal – Ex 20:15, Deut 5:19, Ro 13:9, Eph 4:28 (not working with one’s hands), Mat 19:18-19, Mk 10:19, Lk 18:20, Exo 21:16, Lev 6:1-7, Lev 19:11, Lev 19:13, Lev 19:35-37, Deu 24:7, Deu 25:13-16, Job 20:19-22, Pro 1:13-15, Pro 11:1, Amo 3:10, Amo 8:4-6, Mic 6:10-11, Mic 7:3, Zec 5:3-4, Mat 15:19, Mat 19:18, Mat 21:13, Luk 3:13-14, Joh 12:6, 1Co 6:10, Eph 4:28, 1Th 4:6, 1 Pet 4:15
False shepherds / Satan – John 10:1, John 10:8, John 10:10
How does a man rob God – Mal 3:7-12 (tithes / offerings – sacrifice of Christians in bringing forth the Gospel)
Robbers – den of thieves – Mat 21:13, Mk 11:27, Lk 19:46, Jer 7:8-11
One who sins, thoughtless person – Job 24:14, Pr 25:20, Jer 2:26
Invading locusts – Joel 2:9
Death – Jer 9:21

The Mighty Angel with the Little Scroll – Judgment Day (Rev 10)

The Description of the Mighty Angel (Rev 10:1-2)

And I saw another mighty angel come down from heaven, clothed with a cloud: and a rainbow was upon his head, and his face was as it were the sun, and his feet as pillars of fire:

(Rev 10:1)

And he had in his hand a little book open: and he set his right foot upon the sea, and his left foot on the earth,

(Rev 10:2)

Another mighty angel

Angel is a Messenger – see notes on Rev 5:2, Rev 18:21
Angel portrays many beautiful aspects of the work of Christ
Mighty – Gr: ischuros – literally, mighty- see notes on Rev 7:12
Might (Gr: ischus- G2478 / ischuros- G2479, to have strength) – 38 occurrences
- Hebrew: H1368, gibbor – 159 occurrences
  - Deu 10:17, Psa 24:8, Ps 78:65, Is 42:13, Jer 20:11, Jer 32:18, Zeph 3:17
- Hebrew: H7706, almighty (El shadday)
  - God Almighty – Gen 17:1, Gen 28:3, Gen 35:11, Gen 43:14, Gen 48:3, Gen 49:25, Exo 6:3, Num 24:4, Num 24:16, Job 5:17, Job 6:4, Job 8:3,5, Job 11:7, Job 13:3, Job 15:25, Job 22:17, Job 22:26, Job 23:16, Job 27:2, Job 27:10-13, Job 31:2, Job 33:4, Job 34:10-12, Job 35:13, Job 40:2, Eze 10:5, Is 9:6, Ps 45:3, Ps 45:6, Ps 50:1
- God’s mighty power – Eph 1:19, 2 Thess 1:9, Eph 6:10, Rev 5:12, Rev 7:12, 1 Cor 10:22, Rev 18:8
- Jesus Christ is mighty – Mat 3:11, Mk 1:7, Lk 3:16, Lk 11:22
- Satan as the strong man – Mat 12:29, Mk 3:27, Lk 11:21-22
- Wind – Mat 14:30
- Prodigal son – mighty famine – Lk 15:14
- The weakness of God, stronger than men – 1 Cor 1:25
- Weak things confound the mighty – 1 Cor 1:27
- Christians strong – 1 Cor 4:10
- Paul’s letters powerful – 2 Cor 10:10
- Christ offered strong crying to His Father – Heb 5:7
- Strong consolation – Heb 6:18
- Faithful valiant in the fight – Heb 11:34
- Young men are strong – 1 John 2:14
- Strong angels – Rev 5:2, Rev 10:1, Rev 18:21, Rev 18:2
- Mighty city Babylon – Rev 18:10
- Mighty thunder – Rev 19:6
- Supper of God – eat flesh of mighty men – Rev 19:18
- Love the Lord God with all your might – Mk 12:30, Mk 12:33, Lk 10:27
- Be strong in the power of His might – Eph 6:10
- Minister with the ability God gives – 1 Pet 4:11
- Angels are greater in power – 2 Pet 2:11

Come down from heaven

See Rev 18:1, Rev 20:1
Source of revelation is from God
The Holy Spirit sent to teach us – John 14:16-17,26, 15:26, 1 John 2:20-27

The Spirit of Christ brings the word of God – 1 Pet 1:10-12, Ro 8:9, Is 41:27-29, Ro 3:9-10, 11:34
Jesus Christ’s coming is seen in the following verses: Mat 24:3, Mat 24:27-30, Mat 24:37, Mat 24: 39, 1 Cor 15:23, 1 Th 2:19, 1Th 3:13, 1 Th 4:15, 1 Th 5:23, James 5:7-8, 2 Thess 2:1-9, 2 Pet 3:4, 2 Pet 3:12, 1 John 2:28.

Clothed with a cloud

We see the coming of Christ also mentioned with clouds in Mat 24:30, Acts 1:9-11, Luke 21:27, Mk 14:62-64, Mk 13:26, Mat 26:64, Mat 16:27-28, Rev 1:7
Clouds represent glory (2 Chr 5:13-14, 2 Chr 7:1-2, 1 Ki 8:11, Ex 40:34-35, Ex 34:5, Ex 19:9, Mat 17:5, Is 19:11, Mat 24:30, Mat 26:64, Dan 7:13, see especially Acts 1:9-11).
Clothed – not spiritually naked (see notes on Rev 1:13) – Deut 22:30, 1 Sam 24:4-11, Ruth 3:7-9, Hos 2:10, Eze 23:29, Eze 16:37, Is 47:2-3, Jer 27:20, Jer 13:22-26, Lam 1:9, Nah 3:5, Rev 16:15, Rev 3:17
The Lord God clothed with majesty and honor – Ps 93:1, Ps 104:1
Cloud – signifies glory – see notes on Rev 1:7

Rainbow upon His head

Rainbow – sign of the glorious covenant – see notes on Rev 4:3
Rainbow – Eze 1:28 (glory), Rev 10:1, Gen 9:13-16 (covenant), Is 54:9-10
Bow (Old Testament – H7198) – used for bow as in bow and arrow
Head – place of authority – Rev 1:14, Rev 4:4, 1 Cor 11:3-10, Eph 1:22, Eph 4:15, Eph 5:23, Col 1:18, Col 2:10, Col 2:19

Face like the sun

Sun – type of Christ – see notes on 1:16
Light of the Gospel – see notes on 1:16
Christ is symbolized as the Sun (Mal 4:2, 2 Pet 1:19, Rev 2:28, Rev 22:16, Mat 2:2, Mat 4:16, Num 24:7, Eph 5:14, Lk 1:78, Is 9:1-2, Is 59:8).
He is the Sun of righteousness that rises with healing in His wings. He is the express radiance of God’s glory. We see when Christ was transfigured that the glory of Christ is like the sun (Mat 17:2).
The reason that Christ is pictured often as the sun is that the sun is that which gives off light. The Bible is clear that light represents the Gospel (2 Cor 4:4-6, 2 Pet 1:19, 2 Tim 1:10, 1 Pet 2:9, Ps 43:3, Is 8:20).
Also, Christ is referred to as the Light of the world (John 1:4, John 1:9, John 3:19, John 8:12, John 9:5, John 12:36, John 12:46, John 21:23, Is 60:1, Is 60:20, 1 John 1:5, Ps 27:1,4:6)

Feet as pillars of fire

Subjection under feet by the truth of judgment
See notes on Rev 1:15
It is under the feet of Christ that everything would be subjected: Heb 1:13, Heb 2:8-15, Heb 10:13, Acts 2:34f, Mk 16:19, Mat 11:27, Mat 22:44, Mat 26:64, Mat 28:18, Ps 8:6, Ps 110:1, Eph 1:22, 1 Cor 15:24-27, Rev 13:3, Rev 13:12-14, Rev 19:10, Is 60:14.
Feet – where Satan is subjected (see notes on Rev 1:14-15)
Fire – judgment – 2 Thess 1:6-8, Jude 7, 2 Pet 3:7, Heb 10:27, 12:29, Mat 25:41
Pillar (H5982) of fire – before Israelites in wilderness – Ex 13:21-22, Ex 14:19, Num 14:14, Neh 9:12, Neh 9:19, Ps 99:7 (where God spoke to them)
Jeremiah made an iron pillar – Jer 1:18
Pillar – Gr: stulos – 4 occurrences – points to the truth of judgment
- Rev 10:1 – Angel with feet as pillars of fire
- Rev 3:12 – he that overcomes is made as a pillar in the temple of God
- 1 Tim 3:15 – House of the living God, the ground and pillar of the truth
- Gal 2:9 – James, Cephas and John seemed to be pillars

Hand

Hand represents the will of a person
- When a nation lost to another in battle, it was referred to as being delivered into the hand of the victor (see Judges 11:32, Judges 13:1, Judges 15:12‑13, Judges 16:23‑24, 1 Chr 14:10, 1 Ki 15:18, 2 Sam 8:1, Ps 37:33, Ps 71:4, Ps 106:41-42)
- God’s right hand points to the will of God in salvation ‑ Ps 44:3, Jud 7:6, Ps 10:12, Ps 20:6-8, Ps 28:5, Ps 78:54, Ps 89:21, Ps 98:1-4, Ps 106:41‑42, Ps 136:12, Ex 13:16, Ex 15:6, Ex 15:16‑17, Jer 18:1‑6, Jer 32:21, Eze 3:14, Ex 6:6, Acts 11:21, Lk 1:66.
- Jesus Christ at the right hand of the Father – Acts 7:55-56, Ps 110:1, Joh 14:3; Heb 1:3, Heb 8:1, Heb 10:12, Heb 12:2; Mar 16:19; Luk 20:42-43; Act 2:33, Act 7:56; Rom 8:34; Eph 1:20-22; Col 3:1; 1Pe 1:21, 1Pe 3:22; Rev 3:21
- Jesus comes to do the will of the Father – John 6:38, Joh 4:34, Joh 5:30; Psa 40:7-8; Isa 53:10; Mat 26:39-42; Rom 15:3; Php 2:7-8; Heb 5:8, Heb 10:7-9
- See Rev 1:16, Rev 6:5, Rev 9:20 etc.

Little Scroll open

Books open point to judgment – Rev 20:12
Open – unsealed book (see Rev 6-11) – 7 seals of Revelation
Scroll – Word of God – Rev 1:11, Gal 3:10, Lk 4:17, Jer 25:13, Jer 30:2
- G974 (Greek: bibliaridon) – little book / booklet, 4 occurrences – Rev 10:2, Rev 10:8-10 – 7 thunders sealed up – points to a small portion of Scripture
- G975 (Greek: biblion, smaller scroll or book, 32 occurrences) – points to a book or section of the Bible
  - Book of Isaiah – Luk 4:17 (2), Luk 4:20
  - Book of John – Joh 20:30
  - Works of Jesus – all the books in the world could not contain – John 21:25
  - Book of the law (e.g., Leviticus / Deuteronomy) – Gal 3:10, Heb 9:19, Heb 10:7
  - Book of revelation – Rev 1:11, Rev 5:1-5 (5), Rev 5:7-9 (3), Rev 22:7, Rev 22:9-10 (2), Rev 22:18-19
  - Book of Life – Rev 21:27, Rev 20:12
  - Book of works of people – Rev 20:12
  - Paul’s books – 2Ti 4:13
  - Book of divorcement – Mk 10:4, Mat 19:7
  - Sky rolled up as a scroll – Rev 6:14 (Is 34:4)
- G976 (Greek: biblos, scroll or book, 13 occurrences)
  - Book of the generation of Jesus Christ – Mat 1:1
  - Book of Moses – Mar 12:26
  - Book of Isaiah – Luk 3:4
  - Book of Psalms – Luk 20:42, Act 1:20
  - Book of prophets (minor prophets, Amos) – Act 7:42
  - Book of life – Phi 4:3, Rev 3:5, Rev 17:8 (2), Rev 20:15
  - Books of works – Rev 20:12
  - Book of this prophecy – Rev 22:19
  - Curious arts books – Act 19:19
- Old Testament – Heb: H6512 – sepher / siphrah – 186 occurrences (book / scroll)
- Then I turned, and lifted up mine eyes, and looked, and behold a flying roll. And he said unto me, What seest thou? And I answered, I see a flying roll; the length thereof is twenty cubits, and the breadth thereof ten cubits. Then said he unto me, This is the curse that goeth forth over the face of the whole earth: for every one that stealeth shall be cut off as on this side according to it; and every one that sweareth shall be cut off as on that side according to it. I will bring it forth, saith the LORD of hosts, and it shall enter into the house of the thief, and into the house of him that sweareth falsely by my name: and it shall remain in the midst of his house, and shall consume it with the timber thereof and the stones thereof. (Zec 5:1-4)
The importance of the written Word
- Write – Heb H3789, kathab – 223 occurrences
- Write – Gr: G1125, grapho, 194 occurrences
- Scripture – Gr: 1124, graphe, 51 occurrences
- Written – Gr:1123, graptos, 1 occurrence
- Scribe – Gr: 1122, grammateus, 67 occurrences
- Letter – Gr: 1121, gramma, 15 occurrences
- ‘It is written’ occurs 93 times – 8:31; 2Sa. 1:18; 1Ki. 2:3; 2Ki. 23:21; 2Ch. 23:18; 25:4; 31:3; 35:12; Ezra 3:2,4; 6:18; Neh. 6:6; 8:15; 10:34,36; Est. 1:19; 8:8,9; Psa. 40:7; Isa. 4:3; 65:6; Jer. 17:1; 25:13; Dan. 9:13; Mat. 2:5; 4:4,6,7,10; 11:10; 21:13; 26:24,31; Mark 1:2; 7:6; 9:12,13; 11:17; 14:21,27; Luke 2:23; 3:4; 4:4,8,10; 7:27; 19:46; 24:46; John 6:31,45; 8:17; 10:34; 12:14; Acts 1:20; 7:42; 13:33; 15:15; 23:5; Rom. 1:17; 2:24; 3:4,10; 4:17; 8:36; 9:13,33; 10:15; 11:8,26; 12:19; 14:11; 15:3,9,21; 1Co. 1:19,31; 2:9; 3:19; 9:9,10; 10:7; 14:21; 15:45; 2Co. 4:13; 8:15; 9:9; Gal. 3:10,13; 4:22,27; Heb. 10:7; 1Pe. 1:16; 1Jn. 2:21.
- For verily I say unto you, Till heaven and earth pass, one jot or one tittle shall in no wise pass from the law, till all be fulfilled. (Mat 5:18, see also Lk 16:17)
- Take heed unto thyself, and unto the doctrine; continue in them: for in doing this thou shalt both save thyself, and them that hear thee. (1Ti 4:16)
- And the things that thou hast heard of me among many witnesses, the same commit thou to faithful men, who shall be able to teach others also. (2Ti 2:2)
Do not add or remove from the Word of god – Rev 22:18-19, Rev 30:6See notes on 5:1

Right foot on sea, left foot on land

Feet like pillars of fire – judgment on land and sea
Therefore, phrase means: angel has judgment book – control of hell and salvation, angel may be a portrait of Christ
Right – lit: dexios – same as right hand
Left – lit: having a good name (Gr: euonumos)
Blood on tip of right ear, thumb of right hand and big toe of right foot
- Consecration of priests – Ex 29:20
- Trespass offering blood on him that is being cleansed of leprosy – Lev 14:14
- Oil on him that is being cleansed of leprosy – Lev 14:17
- Lamb’s blood on him that is being cleansed of leprosy – Lev 14:14
- Oil on him that is being cleansed of leprosy – Lev 14:14
Land – type of promised land / salvation – Ro 4:13, Gen 12:7, Gen 13:14-15, Gen 17:8, Jer 27:5, Mat 28:18, Mat 3:17, Heb 11:13-16
Sea – type of hell (see notes on Rev 4:5-9), Zech 14:4
- Sea – Gr: Thalassa (92 occurrences):
  - (Sea) Galilee of the Gentiles – Mat 4:15, Mat 4:18, Mat 15:29, Mk 1:16, Mk 7:31
  - Sea of Galilee is the Sea of Tiberias – John 6:1(see also John 21:1)
  - Jesus stills the tempest in the sea – Mat 8:24-27, Mat 14:24-26, Mk 4:39-41, Mk 6:47-49, John 6:16-19
  - Jesus sat by sea and taught – Mat 13:1, Mk 2:13, Mk 3:7, Mk 4:1
  - Kingdom of heaven like a net cast into the sea – Mat 13:47
  - Coin in mouth of fish from the sea – Mat 17:27
  - Millstone – drowned in the sea – Mat 18:6, Mk 9:42, Lk 17:2, Rev 18:21
  - Move mountain into the sea – Mat 21:21, Mk 11:23
  - Move sycamine tree into sea – Lk 17:6
  - Hypocrites compass sea and land to make a proselyte – Mat 23:15
  - Other side of sea – country of Gadarenes – swine rush into sea – mat 8:32, Mk 5:1
  - Pass by ship to other side of sea – Mk 5:21
  - Judgment day – sea and waves roaring – Lk 21:25
  - Other side of the sea – John 6:22, John 6:25
  - Appeared to disciples at the Sea of Tiberias – John 21:1
  - Peter cast himself into sea naked – John 21:7
  - Lord made the heaven, earth and sea – Acts 4:24, Acts 14:15
  - Simon a tanner – house by the sea – Acts 10:6, Acts 10:32
  - Paul travels by the sea – Acts 17:14
  - Paul’s shipwreck at sea – Acts 27:30, Acts 27:38, Acts 27:40, Acts 28:4
  - Paul in perils at sea – 2 Cor 11:26
  - Israel numbered as the sand of the sea – Ro 9:27, Heb 11:12
  - Fathers passed through the sea, baptized in the sea (Red Sea) – 1 Cor 10:1-2, Acts 7:36, Heb 11:29
  - He who doubts is like a wave of the sea – James 1:6
  - False teachers, raging waves of the sea – Jude 13
  - Sea of glass – Rev 4:6, Rev 15:2 (victorious people stand on the sea of glass)
  - All creatures including those in the sea praise God – Rev 5:13
  - Holding back 4 winds to not blow on the earth, sea or on any tree – Rev 7:1-3
  - 2^nd trumpet – great mountain burning with fire thrown into the sea – 1/3 part became as blood, 1/3 part in the sea died, 1/3 ship destroyed – Rev 8:8-9
  - Little book (7 thunders) – angel with right foot on sea, left foot on land – Rev 10:2, Rev 10:5-6, Rev 10:8
  - Woe to inhabitants of earth and sea – devil has great wrath – short time – Rev 12:12
  - Beast rises out of the sea (Antichrist) – Rev 13:1
  - Worship Him that made heaven, earth, sea and fountains of waters – Rev 14:7
  - 2^nd bowl of wrath – sea – blood of dead man, all souls died – Rev 16:3
  - Those who trade by sea (merchants) mourn for Babylon – Rev 18:17, Rev 18:19
  - Millstone cast into sea – fallen Babylon – Rev 18:21
  - Those who battle as the sand of the sea – Rev 20:8 (Judgment day)
  - Sea gave up the dead who were in them – Rev 20:13
  - No more sea in the New Heavens and New Earth – Rev 21:1
- ‘Sea’ before the Holy Place in Solomon’s Temple – 1 Ki 7:30, 1 Ki 7:23-44, 2 Ki 16:17, 2 Ki 25:13, 2 Chr 4:1-6, 2 Chr 4:14-15, 2 Chr 6:13
  - The Bronze Laver before the Holy Place – Ex 30:17-21, Ex 30:26-28, Ex 31:9, Ex 35:16, Ex 38:8, Ex 39:39, Ex 40:11, Ex 40:30, Lev 8:11
  - Wash feet and hands – Ex 30:19-21
  - Laver anointed – Ex 30:26-28, Ex 40:11, Lev 8:11
  - Contributions for the laver – Ex 35:16
  - Washings – Exo 19:10; Exo 29:4; Exo 29:17; Exo 30:18; Exo 30:19; Exo 30:20; Exo 30:21; Exo 40:12; Exo 40:30; Lev 1:9; Lev 1:13; Lev 6:27; Lev 9:14; Lev 16:4; Lev 16:24; Lev 16:26; Lev 16:28; Num 19:7; Num 19:8; Num 19:10; Num 19:19; Num 19:21; 2Ch 4:6; Psa 26:6; Psa 51:2; Psa 51:7; Psa 58:10; Luk 7:38; Joh 9:7; Joh 9:11; Joh 13:5; Joh 13:6; Joh 13:8; Joh 13:10; Joh 13:14; Act 22:16, Heb 6:2, Heb 9:10
- Sea often points to damnation – Ps 78:53, Ps 106:10-11, Rev 15:2, Ex 38:8, 1 Ki 7:23, Ps 124:3-5
- Hell involves the sea (Jonah 2:1-5 w/ Mat 12:39-41, Lk 11:29-32, Gen 6-9 w/ Mat 24:37-39, Lk 17:27, Ps 18:16-17, Ps 136:15, Ps 32:6, Ps 93:3-4, Ps 46:1-3, Ps 69:1-3, Ps 69:13-15, Ps 124:1-5, Ps 144:7-8, Job 22:11, Hos 5:10, Rev 13:1)
- Pharaoh’s Army destroyed in the Sea – Ex 14:23-31, Exo 15:10; Deu 11:4; Neh 9:11; Psa 78:53; Hab 3:8-10, Hab 3:13; Heb 11:29
- Raging waves – Jude 13, wicked no peace – Is 57:20-21, James 1:6, Ps 107:25, Job 9:8
- Waves represent trouble / judgment – Job 9:8, Ps 42:7, Ps 65:7, Ps 88:
  - When the waves of death compassed me, the floods of ungodly men made me afraid (2Sa 22:5)
  - Which alone spreadeth out the heavens, and treadeth upon the waves of the sea. (Job 9:8)
  - And said, Hitherto shalt thou come, but no further: and here shall thy proud waves be stayed? (Job 38:11)
  - Deep calleth unto deep at the noise of thy waterspouts: all thy waves and thy billows are gone over me. (Psa 42:7)
  - Which stilleth the noise of the seas, the noise of their waves, and the tumult of the people. (Psa 65:7)
  - Thy wrath lieth hard upon me, and thou hast afflicted me with all thy waves. Selah. (Psa 88:7)
  - Thou rulest the raging of the sea: when the waves thereof arise, thou stillest them. (Psa 89:9)
  - The floods have lifted up, O LORD, the floods have lifted up their voice; the floods lift up their waves. (Psa 93:3)
  - The LORD on high is mightier than the noise of many waters, yea, than the mighty waves of the sea. (Psa 93:4)
  - For he commandeth, and raiseth the stormy wind, which lifteth up the waves thereof. (Psa 107:25)
  - He maketh the storm a calm, so that the waves thereof are still. (Psa 107:29)
  - O that thou hadst hearkened to my commandments! then had thy peace been as a river, and thy righteousness as the waves of the sea (Isa 48:18)
  - But I am the LORD thy God, that divided the sea, whose waves roared: The LORD of hosts is his name. (Isa 51:15)
  - Fear ye not me? saith the LORD: will ye not tremble at my presence, which have placed the sand for the bound of the sea by a perpetual decree, that it cannot pass it: and though the waves thereof toss themselves, yet can they not prevail; though they roar, yet can they not pass over it? (Jer 5:22)
  - Thus saith the LORD, which giveth the sun for a light by day, and the ordinances of the moon and of the stars for a light by night, which divideth the sea when the waves thereof roar; The LORD of hosts is his name (Jer 31:35)
  - The sea is come up upon Babylon: she is covered with the multitude of the waves thereof. (Jer 51:42)
  - Because the LORD hath spoiled Babylon, and destroyed out of her the great voice; when her waves do roar like great waters, a noise of their voice is uttered (Jer 51:55)
  - Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; Behold, I am against thee, O Tyrus, and will cause many nations to come up against thee, as the sea causeth his waves to come up (Eze 26:3)
  - For thou hadst cast me into the deep, in the midst of the seas; and the floods compassed me about: all thy billows and thy waves passed over me. (Jon 2:3)
  - And he shall pass through the sea with affliction, and shall smite the waves in the sea, and all the deeps of the river shall dry up: and the pride of Assyria shall be brought down, and the sceptre of Egypt shall depart away. (Zec 10:11)
  - And, behold, there arose a great tempest in the sea, insomuch that the ship was covered with the waves: but he was asleep. (Mat 8:24)
  - But the ship was now in the midst of the sea, tossed with waves: for the wind was contrary. (Mat 14:24)
  - And there arose a great storm of wind, and the waves beat into the ship, so that it was now full. (Mar 4:37)
  - And there shall be signs in the sun, and in the moon, and in the stars; and upon the earth distress of nations, with perplexity; the sea and the waves roaring (Luk 21:25)
  - And falling into a place where two seas met, they ran the ship aground; and the forepart stuck fast, and remained unmoveable, but the hinder part was broken with the violence of the waves. (Act 27:41)
  - But let him ask in faith, nothing wavering. For he that wavereth is like a wave of the sea driven with the wind and tossed. (Jas 1:6)
  - Raging waves of the sea, foaming out their own shame; wandering stars, to whom is reserved the blackness of darkness forever. (Jud 1:13)
- The Flood points to Judgment – Gen 6:7-9, Gen 6:17, Gen 7:1, Gen 7:4, Gen 7:21-23, Gen 8:1-2, Is 54:9, Nat 24:36-39, Lk 17:26-27, 1 Pet 3:20-21, Dan 9:26, etc.
- But, very calm (or dried) sea points to peace and salvation (Mat 8:23-27, Mk 4:36-41, Lk 8:22-25, John 6:15-21, Mat 14:22-33, Mk 6:45-51)
  - Jesus calms the sea – Mk 4:39, Lk 8:24, Mat 8:26 (calm: Greek: galena, 3 occurrences, tranquility)
  - Jesus walks on water – John 6:16-21, Mat 14:22-33, Mk 6:45-51 (Job 9:8)
    - Wind ceased – Mat 14:32, Mk 6:51
    - Wind arose / contrary – Mk 6:48, Mat 14:24, John 6:18 (Ps 107:25)
  - Calm sea – Jonah 1:11-12, Ps 107:30 (Heb: H8367)
  - Key Old Testament passages (points to salvation) – Ps 65:7, Ps 89:9, Ps 107:25-30, Jonah 1:11-15 (see also Job 38:8-11, Ps 93:3-4, Ps 29:10)
  - Sea is dried – salvation – Ps 66:5-6, Nah 1:4, Ps 78:13, Ps 106:8-12, Ps 104:5-7, Ps 136:13-14, Ex 14:21-22, Is 63:13-14, Josh 3:14-16, Ex 15:1-21, Rev 15:2-3

The 7 Thunders Sealed up (Rev 10:3-4)

And cried with a loud voice, as when a lion roareth: and when he had cried, seven thunders uttered their voices.

(Rev 10:3)

And when the seven thunders had uttered their voices, I was about to write: and I heard a voice from heaven saying unto me, Seal up those things which the seven thunders uttered, and write them not.

(Rev 10:4)

Loud voice

See notes on Rev 5:2-3
Loud Voice – John 11:43, Mk 15:34-37, Rev 5:12, Rev 6:10, Rev 7:2, Rev 7:10, Rev 8:13, Rev 10:3, Rev 12:10, Rev 14:7-9, Rev 14:15, Rev 14:18, Rev 19:17
- Significance and importance of the Gospel
- Not ashamed of the Gospel (bold) – Ro 1:16-17

When a lion roars

Points to devouring judgment, see notes on Rev 4:5-9, Is 31:4, Hos 11:10
Lion points to Christ – see notes on Rev 4:5-9
Christ as a Lion: devours in judgment by Word of God – Gen 49:9, Rev 5:5, Rev 4:7, Pr 19:12, Hos 11:9‑11, Is 31:4, Jer 25:30=31, Amos 1:2, Judges 14:5, Lam 3:10, Joel 3:16, Hos 13:7‑8, Hos 5:14, Amos 3:6‑8, Rev 10:3, Amos 3:8
Lord roars in judgment – Hos 11:10, Joel 3:16, Is 42:13, Amos 1:2, Rev 10:3, Is 5:29, Pr 19:12

Seven Thunders uttered their voice

7 – completeness – see notes on 1:4-5
Thunder – see notes on 6:1 (judgment), powerful – Job 26:14, 37:2-5
Voice of God is like thunder – 1 Sam 7:10, Re 11:13, Is 29:1-6, Rev 14:2, Rev 19:6, Ps 18:13, Ex 19:16, Ex 20:18, Ex 9:23-34, 1 Sam 7:10, Ps 104:7, Ps 77:18 (God’s voice in judgment – see notes on Rev 4:5-6)
- Thunder – power – Job 26:14, judgment – Is 29:6, 1 Sam 7:10, Ex 9:23-34, Ex 19:16
- God’s voice as thunder – Rev 19:6, Rev 14:2, John 12:29, Ps 104:7, Ps 77:18, Ps 29:3, Ps 18:13, Job 40:9, Job 37:4-5, 2 Sam 22:14
- James and John – sons of thunder – Mk 3:17
- Thunder as judgment – Ex 20:18, Rev 16:18, Rev 11:19, Rev 10:3-4, Rev 8:5, Rev 6:1, Rev 4:5, Is 29:6, Ps 81:7, Ps 78:48, Job 38:25, Job 26:14, 1 Sam 7:10
- Judgment / hail on Egypt – Ex 9:23, Ex 9:28-29, Ex 9:33
- Thunder and lightning on Mt Sinai – Ex 19:16, Ex 20:18
- Thunder associated with rain – 1 Sam 12:17-18 (judgment for wanting a king)
- Lightning – Quickness of Christ coming in judgment – Lk 17:24, Mat 24:27 (every eye will see Him – see Rev 1:7 notes)
- Lightning results in scattering (judgment) – 2 Sam 22:15, Ps 18:14, Ps 144:6
- God utters His voice – Lightning with rain – Jer 10:13, Jer 51:16, Ps 135:7
- Voice of thunder, the lightning lightened the world – Ps 77:18
- Living creatures ran as lightning – Eze 1:14
- Vision of a Man – appearance of lightning – Dan 10:6, Mat 28:3 (angel)
- Satan as lightning fell from heaven – Lk 10:18
- God’s judgment – army as lightning – Nah 2:4
- Lord’s arrow goes forth as lightning – Zech 9:14
- Lightning enlightens the world – Ps 97:4
- Way for lightning of the thunder – Job 28:26 , Job 38:25
- Lightning to the ends of the earth – Job 37:3

The Message of the 7 Thunders were sealed up

Saved are hidden in Christ – see Col 3:4, Mat 13:24-30, 47-50, Rev 2-3, John 2:13-22, Mat 21:12-17, etc.
Seal – assurance
- To make secure – John 3:33, John 6:27, Ro 15:28, Rev 20:3, Song 4:12, Song 8:6
- Seal with signet ring – 1 Ki 21:8, Est 8:8-10, Jer 32:10-14, Jer 32:44
- Secret things belong to God, but that which is revealed belongs to us forever – Deut 29:29
  - Sealed up – Dan 8:26, Dan 9:24, Dan 12:4, Dan 12:9, Rev 22:10, Is 8:16, Is 29:11
  - List verses from Deut 29:29
- And that he would shew thee the secrets of wisdom, that they are double to that which is! Know therefore that God exacteth of thee less than thine iniquity deserveth. (Job 11:6)
- The secret of the LORD is with them that fear him; and he will shew them his covenant. (Psa 25:14)
- For the froward is abomination to the LORD: but his secret is with the righteous. (Pro 3:32)
- That they would desire mercies of the God of heaven concerning this secret; that Daniel and his fellows should not perish with the rest of the wise men of Babylon. Then was the secret revealed unto Daniel in a night vision. Then Daniel blessed the God of heaven. (Dan 2:18-19)
- He revealeth the deep and secret things: he knoweth what is in the darkness, and the light dwelleth with him. (Dan 2:22)
- But as for me, this secret is not revealed to me for any wisdom that I have more than any living, but for their sakes that shall make known the interpretation to the king, and that thou mightest know the thoughts of thy heart. (Dan 2:30)
- O Belteshazzar, master of the magicians, because I know that the spirit of the holy gods is in thee, and no secret troubleth thee, tell me the visions of my dream that I have seen, and the interpretation thereof. (Dan 4:9)
- Surely the Lord GOD will do nothing, but he revealeth his secret unto his servants the prophets. (Amo 3:7)
- Henceforth I call you not servants; for the servant knoweth not what his lord doeth: but I have called you friends; for all things that I have heard of my Father I have made known unto you. (Joh 15:15)
- Jesus saith unto him, If I will that he tarry till I come, what is that to thee? follow thou me. (Joh 21:22)
- And he said unto them, It is not for you to know the times or the seasons, which the Father hath put in his own power. (Act 1:7)
- But of that day and hour knoweth no man, no, not the angels of heaven, but my Father only. (Mat 24:36)
- Watch therefore: for ye know not what hour your Lord doth come. (Mat 24:42)
- But of that day and that hour knoweth no man, no, not the angels which are in heaven, neither the Son, but the Father. (Mar 13:32)
- O the depth of the riches both of the wisdom and knowledge of God! how unsearchable are his judgments, and his ways past finding out! For who hath known the mind of the Lord? or who hath been his counsellor? (Rom 11:33-34)
- Now to him that is of power to stablish you according to my gospel, and the preaching of Jesus Christ, according to the revelation of the mystery, which was kept secret since the world began, But now is made manifest, and by the scriptures of the prophets, according to the commandment of the everlasting God, made known to all nations for the obedience of faith: (Rom 16:25-26)
- For who hath known the mind of the Lord, that he may instruct him? But we have the mind of Christ. (1Co 2:16)
Secret things belong to God
- The secret things belong unto the LORD our God: but those things which are revealed belong unto us and to our children forever, that we may do all the words of this law. (Deu 29:29)
- See also – Job 11:6-7, Job 28:28, Psa 25:14, Pro 3:32, Jer 23:18, Dan 2:18-19, Dan 2:22, Dan 2:27-30, Dan 4:9, Amo 3:7, Mat 13:35, Joh 15:15, Joh 21:22, Act 1:7, Rom 11:33-34, Rom 16:25-26, 1Co 2:16
Nothing will be secret – all to be disclosed on Judgment Day
- For nothing is secret, that shall not be made manifest; neither anything hid, that shall not be known and come abroad. (Luk 8:17)
- For there is nothing covered, that shall not be revealed; neither hid, that shall not be known. Therefore whatsoever ye have spoken in darkness shall be heard in the light; and that which ye have spoken in the ear in closets shall be proclaimed upon the housetops. (Luk 12:2-3)
- Therefore judge nothing before the time, until the Lord come, who both will bring to light the hidden things of darkness, and will make manifest the counsels of the hearts: and then shall every man have praise of God. (1Co 4:5)
- Fear them not therefore: for there is nothing covered, that shall not be revealed; and hid, that shall not be known. (Mat 10:26)
- What I tell you in darkness, that speak ye in light: and what ye hear in the ear, that preach ye upon the housetops. (Mat 10:27)
- For there is nothing hid, which shall not be manifested; neither was any thing kept secret, but that it should come abroad. (Mar 4:22)
- For God shall bring every work into judgment, with every secret thing, whether it be good, or whether it be evil. (Ecc 12:14)
- In the day when God shall judge the secrets of men by Jesus Christ according to my gospel. (Rom 2:16)
- Beloved, now are we the sons of God, and it doth not yet appear what we shall be: but we know that, when he shall appear, we shall be like him; for we shall see him as he is. (1Jn 3:2)
- For we must all appear before the judgment seat of Christ; that every one may receive the things done in his body, according to that he hath done, whether it be good or bad. (2Co 5:10)
- And I saw a great white throne, and him that sat on it, from whose face the earth and the heaven fled away; and there was found no place for them. And I saw the dead, small and great, stand before God; and the books were opened: and another book was opened, which is the book of life: and the dead were judged out of those things which were written in the books, according to their works. (Rev 20:11-12)
The Revealing of those who are saved and unsaved
- For I reckon that the sufferings of this present time are not worthy to be compared with the glory which shall be revealed in us. For the earnest expectation of the creature waiteth for the manifestation of the sons of God. (Rom 8:18-19)
- The LORD hath made all things for himself: yea, even the wicked for the day of evil. (Pro 16:4)
- And a stone of stumbling, and a rock of offence, even to them which stumble at the word, being disobedient: whereunto also they were appointed. (1Pe 2:8)
- For the scripture saith unto Pharaoh, Even for this same purpose have I raised thee up, that I might shew my power in thee, and that my name might be declared throughout all the earth. Therefore hath he mercy on whom he will have mercy, and whom he will he hardeneth. (Rom 9:17-18)
- What if God, willing to shew his wrath, and to make his power known, endured with much longsuffering the vessels of wrath fitted to destruction: And that he might make known the riches of his glory on the vessels of mercy, which he had afore prepared unto glory (Rom 9:22-23)
- Beloved, now are we the sons of God, and it doth not yet appear what we shall be: but we know that, when he shall appear, we shall be like him; for we shall see him as he is. (1Jn 3:2)
- And they shall be mine, saith the LORD of hosts, in that day when I make up my jewels; and I will spare them, as a man spareth his own son that serveth him. Then shall ye return, and discern between the righteous and the wicked, between him that serveth God and him that serveth him not. (Mal 3:17-18)
- The separating of the sheeps and the goats – Mat 25:31-46
- The separating of the wheat and the tares – Mat 13:23-30, 36-43

The Announcement of the Angel (Rev 10:5-7)

And the angel which I saw stand upon the sea and upon the earth lifted up his hand to heaven,

(Rev 10:5)

And sware by him that liveth for ever and ever, who created heaven, and the things that therein are, and the earth, and the things that therein are, and the sea, and the things which are therein, that there should be time no longer:

(Rev 10:6)

But in the days of the voice of the seventh angel, when he shall begin to sound, the mystery of God should be finished, as he hath declared to his servants the prophets.

(Rev 10:7)

Lifted up his hand to heaven and swore

Gen 14:22, Ex 6:8, Num 14:30, Deut 32:40, Ez 20:5, Dan 12:7
God Swears by himself – Heb 6:13, 17-18, Gen 22:16, Lk 1:73

By Him who lives forever and ever

Everlasting ‑ God does not change ‑ Heb 13:8, 6:17, Mal 3:6, James 1:7, Ex 3:14, Ro 11:29, Ps 78:65, Num 23:19, Ps 102:25‑27, Heb 1:11‑12
God is eternal ‑ Rev 1:8, Ps 90:2
The Eternal Nature of God ‑ Rev 1:4‑8, Ro 1:20, 1 Tim 1:17, Eph 3:21, Heb 1:8, , Is 57:15,63:16, Lam 5:19, Ps 90:2
Alpha and Omega, beginning and the End – Rev 1:8, Rev 1:11, Is 41:4, Is 44:6-7,Is 46:10, Is 48:12-13, Rev 1:11, Rev 1:17, Rev 2:8, Rev 3:14, Rev 21:6, Rev 22:13

Who created heaven, the things therein, and the earth and the things therein, and the sea and the things therein

God as creator – see notes on Rev 4:11
Creation – accounts – Ex 20:11, 146:6, Rev 14:7, 10:6, 2 Pet 3:5, Heb 11:3, Ps 90:2, 102:25, Ps 102:104, Neh 9:6, Acts 17:24, 14:15, Is 42:5, 4:24, Job 38:1‑11, Gen 1‑2
Creation – Psalms – Ps 19, 24, 33, 50, 65, 69, 75, 77, 89:12, 92, 93, 95, 96, 102, 104, 111:3‑6, 8:3, 115:15‑16, 134:3, 136: 1‑9, 148
Jesus is the Creator ‑ Acts 17:24, Col 1:16, Gen 1:1, Eph 3:9, Rev 4:11, John 1:3, John 1:10, 1 Cor 8:6, Heb 1:2

There should be time no more

Time has an end since there are no more timekeepers (sun, moon) – Rev 6:12-14
- Immediately after tribulation – Mat 24:29, Mk 13:24, Lk 21:25
- Second coming – Joel 2:10, Joel 2:31, Joel 3:15, Acts 2:20, Rev 16:8, Rev 8:12, Jer 4:23-28, Eze 32:7-8, Is 13:10, Is 24:23, Is 60:19-20, Zech 14:6 (Judgment Day)
- Sun, moon, stars given as timekeers ‑ Gen 1:14‑19, Ps 104:19, Ps 74:16‑17

In the days of the voice of the 7^th angel, when he begins to sound, the mystery of God should be finished

The Last Day passages of Revelation – 7 views of the Last Day
- View 1 – 6^th seal – Rev 6:12-17
- View 2 – 7 thunders – Rev 10:1-11
- View 3 – 7^th trumpet (3^rd woe) – Rev 11:13-19
- View 4 – 3 angels of judgment – Rev 14:6-20
- View 5 – 7 bowls of God’s wrath – Rev 15-16
- View 6 – Babylon’s judgment, marriage supper of the Lamb – Rev 18-19
- View 7 – Great white throne judgment – Rev 20:9-15
It is done – Rev 6:11, Rev 12:12, Rev 16:17, Rev 21:6, Rev 10:7
The mystery of God
God’s revelation is a mystery – Mat 13:11, Mk 4:11, 1 Cor 2:7, 4:1, 13:2, 14:2, 15:51, Eph1:9, Eph 3:3-9, 5:32, 6:19, Col 1:26-27,2:2, 1 Tim 3:9, Rev 1:20,10:7, 17:5-7
The Gospel to all ends of the earth is a mystery – Eph 3:3-12, Col 2:2, Ro 16:25-26
Mysteries of the Bible – God chose believers (Eph 1:4-10), God in flesh (1 Tim 3:16), Israel’s blinding (Ro 11:25-26), God’s salvation to Gentiles (Eph 3:3-6), Believer’s receiving glorified bodies (1 Cor 15:51), Babylon picture of Satan’s kingdom in the false end-time false Christian church (Rev 17:5)

As He declared to His servants the prophets

Prophets, the servants of God
Prophets faithfully bring word of God – 1 Pet 1:10-12, Lk 24:44-47, Acts 3:21, Acts 10:43, Lk 1:70, 2 Pet 1:21, 2 Pet 3:2, Rev 18:20, Rev 22:6
All believers are prophets (1 Cor 11:5, Cor 14:1-3)
All Believers are bondservants (see notes on Rev 1:1)
Slaves of righteousness (Ro 6:15-23, James 1:1, Eph 6:5-6, 1 Pet 2:16) – God’s willing slaves (Col 3:23-24, 2 Cor 4:5, etc.)

John Eats the Little Book (Rev 10:8-11)

And the voice which I heard from heaven spake unto me again, and said, Go and take the little book which is open in the hand of the angel which standeth upon the sea and upon the earth.

(Rev 10:8)

And I went unto the angel, and said unto him, Give me the little book. And he said unto me, Take it, and eat it up; and it shall make thy belly bitter, but it shall be in thy mouth sweet as honey.

(Rev 10:9)

And I took the little book out of the angel’s hand, and ate it up; and it was in my mouth sweet as honey: and as soon as I had eaten it, my belly was bitter.

(Rev 10:10)

And he said unto me, Thou must prophesy again before many peoples, and nations, and tongues, and kings.

(Rev 10:11)

Voice from heaven

Where word of God originates – see notes on Rev 10:1

Eat the scroll

Parallel passages:
- O LORD, thou knowest: remember me, and visit me, and revenge me of my persecutors; take me not away in thy longsuffering: know that for thy sake I have suffered rebuke. Thy words were found, and I did eat them; and thy word was unto me the joy and rejoicing of mine heart: for I am called by thy name, O LORD God of hosts. I sat not in the assembly of the mockers, nor rejoiced; I sat alone because of thy hand: for thou hast filled me with indignation. (Jer 15:15-17)
- Moreover he said unto me, Son of man, eat that thou findest; eat this roll, and go speak unto the house of Israel. So I opened my mouth, and he caused me to eat that roll. And he said unto me, Son of man, cause thy belly to eat, and fill thy bowels with this roll that I give thee. Then did I eat it; and it was in my mouth as honey for sweetness. (Eze 3:1-3)
- Moreover he said unto me, Son of man, all my words that I shall speak unto thee receive in thine heart, and hear with thine ears. And go, get thee to them of the captivity, unto the children of thy people, and speak unto them, and tell them, Thus saith the Lord GOD; whether they will hear, or whether they will forbear. (Eze 3:10-11)
- And thou, son of man, be not afraid of them, neither be afraid of their words, though briers and thorns be with thee, and thou dost dwell among scorpions: be not afraid of their words, nor be dismayed at their looks, though they be a rebellious house. And thou shalt speak my words unto them, whether they will hear, or whether they will forbear: for they are most rebellious. But thou, son of man, hear what I say unto thee; Be not thou rebellious like that rebellious house: open thy mouth, and eat that I give thee. And when I looked, behold, a hand was sent unto me; and, lo, a roll of a book was therein; And he spread it before me; and it was written within and without: and there was written therein lamentations, and mourning, and woe. (Eze 2:6-10)
Word of God is like bread – Mat 4:4, Lk 4:4, Deut 8:3, John 6:27-35

Sweet as honey

Word of God – sweetness of salvation – Ps 19:10, Ps 119:103, Eze 3:3, Judges 14:8, Pr 24:13-14, Pr 25:16, Song 5:1, Song 4:11, Pr 16:24, Pr 27:7, Rev 10:8-10

Mouth

Words originate – false teaching / negative – Ro 3:14, Ro 3:19, Jude 16, 1 Pet 2:22, Mat 15:1-20, James 3:3, James 3:10, Col 3:8, Rev 13:5, Micah 6:12, Zeph 3:13, Pr 15:2
God’s word – Rev 4:4, Ro 10:8-10, Eph 6:19, 2 Cor 13:1, Is 1:20, Is 48:3, Ps 89:1, Ps 119:13, Ps 119:43, Ps 119:72, Ps 119:88, Ps 119:103, Ps 119:131, Rev 19:15
Eating scroll like honey – Eze 3:2-3, Rev 10:10
Jesus as Judge (2-edged sword) – Rev 19:15, Rev 19:21, Rev 1:16, Rev 2:12, Rev 2:16, Is 11:4, Is 30:33, 2 Thess 2:8

Stomach is bitter

Stomach (Gr: koilia (G2836) – 23 occurrences)
- Jesus is belly of whale – Mat 12:40
- Enter mouth to the belly and is cast out (purged) – Mat 15:17, Mk 7:19
- Eunuchs from mother’s womb – Mat 19:12
- John the Baptist, filled with Holy Spirit from his mother’s womb – Lk 1:15, Lk 1:41-44
- Jesus conceived in the womb – Lk 2:21
- Blessed be the womb that conceived Jesus – Lk 11:27
- Prodigal son needed to fill his belly – Lk 15:16
- Blessed is the womb that never bare – Lk 23:29
- Can a man enter a second time into mother’s womb – John 3:4
- He who believes, out of his belly show flow rivers of living waters – John 7:38
- Man lame from mother’s womb – Acts 3:2, Acts 14:8
- Those who serve their own belly – Ro 16:18
- Food for the belly and belly for food – 1 Cor 6:13
- Paul separated from mother’s womb – Gal 1:15
- God is their belly – Phil 3:19
- Open book sweet as honey on mouth, made belly bitter – Rev 10:9-10
Old Testament – H990 (H990, behten – 72 occurrences)
- Womb / body / born – Gen 25:23-24 (2), Gen 30:2, Gen 38:27, Deu 7:13, Jdg 13:5, Jdg 13:7, Jdg 16:17, Job 1:21, Job 3:10, Job 10:19, Job 31:15, Job 31:18, Job 38:29, Psa 22:9, Psa 71:6, Psa 127:3, Psa 139:13, Pro 31:2, Ecc 5:15, Ecc 11:5, Isa 13:18, Isa 44:2, Isa 44:24, Isa 48:8, Isa 49:1, Isa 49:5, Isa 49:15, Hos 9:11, Hos 9:16, Hos 12:3, Ps 58:1, Deu 28:4, Deu 28:11, Deu 28:18, Deu 28:53, Deu 30:9, Job 19:17, Psa 132:11, Mic 6:7
Belly / within – Num 5:21-22 (2), Num 5:27, Jdg 3:21-22 (2), 1Ki 7:20, Job 3:11, Job 15:2, Job 15:35, Job 20:15, Job 20:20, Job 20:23, Job 32:19, Job 40:16, Psa 17:14, Psa 22:10, Psa 31:9, Pro 13:25 (2), Pro 18:8, Pro 18:20, Pro 20:27, Pro 20:30, Pro 26:22, Isa 46:2-3 (2), Jer 1:5, Eze 3:3, Jon 2:2, Hab 3:16, Pro 22:18 (2)
Words of the wise – good to keep within (belly) – Pr 22:17-18
Test for unfaithfulness – belly will swell – Num 5:21-22, Num 5:27
Man / woman in adultery – cast through belly – Num 25:8
Ehud kills Eglon – dagger in belly – Jud 3:21-22
Soul is bitter – Job 3:20
Vain knowledge – fill belly with east wind – Job 15:2
Conceive mischief, bring forth vanity, from the belly prepare deceit – Job 15:35
Riches swallowed down, vomit them up again – Job 20:15
He shall not feel quietness in his belly, he shall not save of that which he desired – Job 20:20
When he is about to fill his belly, God shall cast the fury of his wrath upon him, and shall rain it upon him while he is eating – Job 20:23
Behold, my belly is as wine which hath no vent; it is ready to burst like new bottles. Job 32:19
Lo now, his strength is in his loins, and his force is in the navel of his belly. – Job 40:16
From men which are thy hand, O LORD, from men of the world, which have their portion in this life, and whose belly thou fillest with thy hid treasure: they are full of children, and leave the rest of their substance to their babes – Psa 17:14
I was cast upon thee from the womb: thou art my God from my mother’s belly – Psa 22:10
Have mercy upon me, O LORD, for I am in trouble: mine eye is consumed with grief, yea, my soul and my belly – Psa 31:9
For our soul is bowed down to the dust: our belly cleaveth unto the earth – Psa 44:25
The righteous eateth to the satisfying of his soul: but the belly of the wicked shall want – Pro 13:25
The words of a talebearer are as wounds, and they go down into the innermost parts of the belly – Pro 18:8
A man’s belly shall be satisfied with the fruit of his mouth; and with the increase of his lips shall he be filled – Pro 18:20
The spirit of man is the candle of the LORD, searching all the inward parts of the belly – Pro 20:27
The blueness of a wound cleanseth away evil: so do stripes the inward parts of the belly – Pro 20:30
The words of a talebearer are as wounds, and they go down into the innermost parts of the belly – Pro 26:22
Hearken unto me, O house of Jacob, and all the remnant of the house of Israel, which are borne by me from the belly, which are carried from the womb – Isa 46:3
Before I formed thee in the belly I knew thee; and before thou camest forth out of the womb I sanctified thee, and I ordained thee a prophet unto the nations – Jer 1:5
Nebuchadrezzar the king of Babylon hath devoured me, he hath crushed me, he hath made me an empty vessel, he hath swallowed me up like a dragon, he hath filled his belly with my delicates, he hath cast me out – Jer 51:34
And he said unto me, Son of man, cause thy belly to eat, and fill thy bowels with this roll that I give thee. Then did I eat it; and it was in my mouth as honey for sweetness – Eze 3:3
This image’s head was of fine gold, his breast and his arms of silver, his belly and his thighs of brass – Dan 2:32
Now the LORD had prepared a great fish to swallow up Jonah. And Jonah was in the belly of the fish three days and three nights – Jon 1:17
Then Jonah prayed unto the LORD his God out of the fish’s belly – Jon 2:1
And said, I cried by reason of mine affliction unto the LORD, and he heard me; out of the belly of hell cried I, and thou heardest my voice – Jon 2:2
When I heard, my belly trembled; my lips quivered at the voice: rottenness entered into my bones, and I trembled in myself, that I might rest in the day of trouble: when he cometh up unto the people, he will invade them with his troops – Hab 3:16

Bitter

Bitter – Deut 29:18, Pr 5:4, Jer 9:15, Jer 23:15, Lam 3:15-19, Amos 5:7
Poisonous water – Jer 23:15, Deut 29:18, Jer 8:14, Jer 9:15, Lam 3:19, Mk 16:18, Mat 27:34, Ps 69:21, Ps 140:3, Ps 58:3-4, Amos 6:12, James 3:8, Ro 3:13 – false gospels
Name ‘Mara’ – Bitter – Ruth 1:20, Lam 1:4, Jer 31:15-17
Heb: Mara – lit: bitter (Ruth 1:20)
Mary’s of the New Testament – John 19:25, Mk 15:40, Mk 15:47, Mk 16:1, Mat 27:56-61, Mat 28:1
Israel became bitter – Lam 1:3-4, Ex 12:8, Ex 15:23, Ro 11:25-32
Affliction – Ruth 1:20, Job 3:20, Job 7:11, Job 10:1, Mat 2:18, Jer 31:15-17
Bitter weeping:
- Peter – Mat 26:75, Lk 22:62
- Rachel weeping for children – Mat 2:18, Jer 31:15-17
- For Tyre – Eze 27:31
- Hanna – 1 Sam 2:10
- For Christ – Zech 12:10
Children no more – Mat 2:18, Jer 31:15-17
Those who follow David – 1 Sam 22:2
Bitterness of death – 1 Sam 15:32, Job 21:25
Soul is bitter – Job 3:20
Foolish son – Pr 27:25
Husbands not to be bitter toward wife – Col 3:19
Wormwood – Rev 8:10-11
Time for salvation- Jer 31:27-34
Israel’s daily life made bitter under hard bondage – Ex 1:14
Judgment on wicked – Amos 8:10, Is 24:9, Jer 2:19, 2 Ki 14:26, Deut 32:24, Deut 32:32, Jud 18:25, 2 Sam 2:26, 2 Sam 17:8
Mordecai’s desire for salvation of Israel – Est 4:1
Jeremiah filled with bitterness – Lam 3:15, Lam 3:19
Hannah wept bitterly – 1 Sam 1:10
Hezekiah under oppression – Is 38:3, Is 38:14-17
That which brings a curse – Num 5:18-27, (see Rev 10:10, Is 38:15-17)
Bittersweet scroll – Rev 10:8-10, Eze 2:9-10, Eze 3:1-3. Eze 3:10-11, Eze 3:14, Pr 27:7
Mourning for Christ – wept bitterly – Zech 12:10
Bitter water – deceit and oppression (false gospel) – Pr 14:10, Pr 5:4, Ps 64:3, Ro 3:14 with Ps 10:7, Rev 8:11, Eph 4:31, James 3:14, Heb 12:15, Col 3:19, Acts 8:23, Ex 15:23Ecc 7:26, Is 5:20, Is 24:9, Jer 4:18, Hab 1:6
Opposite of sweet (honey, Word of God) – Rev 10:10, Ps 19:10, Ps 119:103, Jud 14:8, Pr 8:11, Pr 24:13-14, Pr 25:16, Song 5:1, Song 4:11, Pr 16:24, Pr 27:7
Test for unfaithfulness – Num 5:11-31

Prophesy again – see Jer 1:5, Jer 1:10, Jer 46:1

Word of God is complete and thorough – Ps 119:160, Ps 139:17
Greek (G4394-G4398) – propheteia – pro (before), phemi (speak, proclaim) – to speak of things that will come – total 200 occurrences in New Testament:
Mat 1:22, Mat 2:5, Mat 2:15, Mat 2:17, Mat 2:23, Mat 3:3, Mat 4:14, Mat 5:12, Mat 5:17, Mat 7:12, Mat 7:15, Mat 7:22, Mat 8:17, Mat 10:41, Mat 11:9, Mat 11:13, Mat 12:17, Mat 12:39, Mat 13:14, Mat 13:17, Mat 13:35, Mat 13:57, Mat 14:5, Mat 15:7, Mat 16:4, Mat 16:14, Mat 21:4, Mat 21:11, Mat 21:26, Mat 21:46, Mat 22:40, Mat 23:29, Mat 23:30, Mat 23:31, Mat 23:34, Mat 23:37, Mat 24:11, Mat 24:15, Mat 24:24, Mat 26:56, Mat 26:68, Mat 27:9, Mat 27:35, Mar 1:2, Mar 6:4, Mar 6:15, Mar 7:6, Mar 8:28, Mar 11:32, Mar 13:14, Mar 13:22, Mar 14:65, Luk 1:67, Luk 1:70, Luk 1:76, Luk 2:36, Luk 3:4, Luk 4:17, Luk 4:24, Luk 4:27, Luk 6:23, Luk 6:26, Luk 7:16, Luk 7:26, Luk 7:28, Luk 7:39, Luk 9:8, Luk 9:19, Luk 10:24, Luk 11:29, Luk 11:47, Luk 11:49, Luk 11:50, Luk 13:28, Luk 13:33, Luk 13:34, Luk 16:16, Luk 16:29, Luk 16:31, Luk 18:31, Luk 20:6, Luk 22:64, Luk 24:19, Luk 24:25, Luk 24:27, Luk 24:44, Joh 1:21, Joh 1:23, Joh 1:25, Joh 1:45, Joh 4:19, Joh 4:44, Joh 6:14, Joh 6:45, Joh 7:40, Joh 7:52, Joh 8:52, Joh 8:53, Joh 9:17, Joh 11:51, Joh 12:38, Act 2:16, Act 2:17, Act 2:18, Act 2:30, Act 3:18, Act 3:21, Act 3:22, Act 3:23, Act 3:24, Act 3:25, Act 7:37, Act 7:42, Act 7:48, Act 7:52, Act 8:28, Act 8:30, Act 8:34, Act 10:43, Act 11:27, Act 13:1, Act 13:6, Act 13:15, Act 13:20, Act 13:27, Act 13:40, Act 15:15, Act 15:32, Act 19:6, Act 21:9, Act 21:10, Act 24:14, Act 26:22, Act 26:27, Act 28:23, Act 28:25, Rom 1:2, Rom 3:21, Rom 11:3, Rom 12:6, Rom 16:26, 1Co 11:4, 1Co 11:5, 1Co 12:10, 1Co 12:28, 1Co 12:29, 1Co 13:2, 1Co 13:8, 1Co 13:9, 1Co 14:1, 1Co 14:3, 1Co 14:4, 1Co 14:5, 1Co 14:6, 1Co 14:22, 1Co 14:24, 1Co 14:29, 1Co 14:31, 1Co 14:32, 1Co 14:37, 1Co 14:39, Eph 2:20, Eph 3:5, Eph 4:11, 1Th 2:15, 1Th 5:20, 1Ti 1:18, 1Ti 4:14, Tit 1:12, Heb 1:1, Heb 11:32, Jas 5:10, 1Pe 1:10, 2Pe 1:19, 2Pe 1:20, 2Pe 1:21, 2Pe 2:1, 2Pe 2:16, 2Pe 3:2, 1Jn 4:1, Jud 1:14, Rev 1:3, Rev 2:20, Rev 10:7, Rev 10:11, Rev 11:3, Rev 11:6, Rev 11:10, Rev 11:18, Rev 16:6, Rev 16:13, Rev 18:20, Rev 18:24, Rev 19:10, Rev 19:20, Rev 20:10, Rev 22:6, Rev 22:7, Rev 22:9, Rev 22:10, Rev 22:18, Rev 22:19.

Many peoples, nations, tongues, and kings – all people

See notes on Rev 5:9, Eph 2:11-22, Rev 10:11, Rev 11:9, Rev 14:6, Rev 17:15
Tongues – This Greek word (glossa) refers to one’s spoken language (Acts 1:19, 2:3-4, 11, 26, Rev 5:9, etc).
Peoples – This represents a group that is connected by one cause or purpose. An important example is that all true Christians from whatever background, creed, language, culture, race, etc. become one people as Christians (Rev 21:3, Heb 8:10, 2 Cor 6:18, Hos 1:10, 2:23, 1 Pet 2:10, Ro 9:25, Mat 1:231, Ro 8:29, etc.). A people could also be a group of individuals that rally behind a political figure, a society that is governed by a ruler, a social cause or any other reason by which they are unified.
Nations – The Greek word for nations is ‘ethnos’, which means a group of people who have a common ethnic (or cultural) background. This word is used extensively to refer to ‘gentiles’, which were those who were outside of the commonwealth of Israel (Eph 2:11-12). This word should not be used in the context of people who live in a particular country unless the people of the country are all of the same ethnicity.
Kings – worldly leaders
- Kings of the earth to be punished – Is 24:21, Rev 19:18
Book of Revelation kings
- Jesus Christ – King of kings – Rev 19:16
- God’s people – Rev 1:5, Rev 1:6, Rev 5:10
- Kings of the earth to be judged – Rev 6:15, Rev 10:11, Rev 16:12, Rev 16:14, Rev 17:2, Rev 17:10, Rev 17:12, Rev 17:14, Rev 17:18, Rev 18:3, Rev 18:9, Rev 19:18, Rev 19:19, Rev 21:24

Summary Chart of View #2

The 7th Seal Overview